A presentation on Design Patterns. This was created for the workshop at NED University of Engineering and Technology Karachi, Pakistan CIS Department held on April 7, 2012.
Had a wonderful experience
This document discusses inheritance and polymorphism in object-oriented programming. It defines inheritance as a mechanism that allows classes to inherit properties and methods from a parent class. The key benefits of inheritance are reuse of code, improved maintainability and modeling of real-world relationships. It provides examples of how to define subclasses that extend existing superclasses using the "extends" keyword in Java. Methods can be overridden in subclasses to modify existing behavior.
This document discusses several core Java concepts including comments, classes, objects, scopes, static methods and fields, arrays, and constructors. It provides examples of Java code for classes, methods, and constructors. Key points covered include: javadoc comments generate API documentation; classes describe data and operations on objects; scopes are determined by curly braces; static methods and fields belong to the class not instances; arrays are objects that can be dynamically allocated; and constructors create class instances and invoke superclass constructors.
The document discusses object-oriented programming concepts like classes, objects, inheritance, encapsulation, and composition. It provides examples of how these concepts can be implemented in Java. It explains that a class defines common attributes and behaviors of objects, while an object is an instance of a class. Inheritance allows classes to extend and override methods of parent classes. Encapsulation involves making attributes private and accessing them via getter/setter methods. Composition refers to objects having other objects as members.
The document discusses several core Java concepts including:
1) Comments in Java code can be single-line or multiline javadoc comments.
2) Classes are fundamental in Java and describe data objects and methods that can be applied to objects.
3) Variables and methods have scopes determined by curly braces and a variable is only available within its scope.
This document discusses generics in Java. It begins by defining generics as a facility that allows types and methods to work with different types while maintaining compile-time type safety. It then shows an example of code using raw types that could result in exceptions at runtime due to improper type checking. The document explains how generics were introduced to address this issue by making type information like List<String> explicit. It also covers how generics are implemented internally and some of the key terminology like parameterized types, type erasure, wildcard types, raw types, bounded types, and generic methods. The document recommends always using parameterized types rather than raw types for type safety except in some specific cases.
In this session you will learn:
background and goals of generic programming
basics of generic classes = parameterized types
generic methods for general algorithms
inheritance rules for generic types
bounded type parameters
generic code and the Java Virtual Machine
restrictions and limitations
wildcard types and wildcard type capture
For more information, visit this link: https://www.mindsmapped.com/courses/software-development/online-java-training-for-beginners/
The document provides an agenda and overview of key concepts in object-oriented programming with Java including:
1. Class syntax such as access modifiers, static members, constructors, initializers, and the 'this' keyword.
2. Inheritance concepts like subclasses, superclasses, overriding methods, and the 'super' keyword.
3. Interfaces as contracts that can be implemented by classes to define common behaviors without implementation.
4. Nested classes including static nested classes and inner classes, as well as anonymous classes defined without a class name.
5. Enums, constructors, and initializers are also covered but examples are not shown.
Defining Simple Classes
Using Own Classes and Objects
Access Modifiers
Constructors and Initializers
Defining Fields
Defining Properties, Getters and Setters
Defining Methods
Exercises: Defining and Using Own Classes
This document discusses inheritance and polymorphism in object-oriented programming. It defines inheritance as a mechanism that allows classes to inherit properties and methods from a parent class. The key benefits of inheritance are reuse of code, improved maintainability and modeling of real-world relationships. It provides examples of how to define subclasses that extend existing superclasses using the "extends" keyword in Java. Methods can be overridden in subclasses to modify existing behavior.
This document discusses several core Java concepts including comments, classes, objects, scopes, static methods and fields, arrays, and constructors. It provides examples of Java code for classes, methods, and constructors. Key points covered include: javadoc comments generate API documentation; classes describe data and operations on objects; scopes are determined by curly braces; static methods and fields belong to the class not instances; arrays are objects that can be dynamically allocated; and constructors create class instances and invoke superclass constructors.
The document discusses object-oriented programming concepts like classes, objects, inheritance, encapsulation, and composition. It provides examples of how these concepts can be implemented in Java. It explains that a class defines common attributes and behaviors of objects, while an object is an instance of a class. Inheritance allows classes to extend and override methods of parent classes. Encapsulation involves making attributes private and accessing them via getter/setter methods. Composition refers to objects having other objects as members.
The document discusses several core Java concepts including:
1) Comments in Java code can be single-line or multiline javadoc comments.
2) Classes are fundamental in Java and describe data objects and methods that can be applied to objects.
3) Variables and methods have scopes determined by curly braces and a variable is only available within its scope.
This document discusses generics in Java. It begins by defining generics as a facility that allows types and methods to work with different types while maintaining compile-time type safety. It then shows an example of code using raw types that could result in exceptions at runtime due to improper type checking. The document explains how generics were introduced to address this issue by making type information like List<String> explicit. It also covers how generics are implemented internally and some of the key terminology like parameterized types, type erasure, wildcard types, raw types, bounded types, and generic methods. The document recommends always using parameterized types rather than raw types for type safety except in some specific cases.
In this session you will learn:
background and goals of generic programming
basics of generic classes = parameterized types
generic methods for general algorithms
inheritance rules for generic types
bounded type parameters
generic code and the Java Virtual Machine
restrictions and limitations
wildcard types and wildcard type capture
For more information, visit this link: https://www.mindsmapped.com/courses/software-development/online-java-training-for-beginners/
The document provides an agenda and overview of key concepts in object-oriented programming with Java including:
1. Class syntax such as access modifiers, static members, constructors, initializers, and the 'this' keyword.
2. Inheritance concepts like subclasses, superclasses, overriding methods, and the 'super' keyword.
3. Interfaces as contracts that can be implemented by classes to define common behaviors without implementation.
4. Nested classes including static nested classes and inner classes, as well as anonymous classes defined without a class name.
5. Enums, constructors, and initializers are also covered but examples are not shown.
Defining Simple Classes
Using Own Classes and Objects
Access Modifiers
Constructors and Initializers
Defining Fields
Defining Properties, Getters and Setters
Defining Methods
Exercises: Defining and Using Own Classes
Object Oriented Programming (OOP) allows developers to organize complex programs using classes and objects. OOP uses concepts like encapsulation, inheritance and polymorphism to keep data and functionality together in objects. The basic building blocks in OOP are classes, which define the properties and methods of an object, and objects, which are instances of classes. Classes can inherit properties and methods from parent classes, and objects can be identified and compared using operators like instanceof. Magic methods allow objects to override default behavior for operations like property access, method calling and object destruction.
The document provides an overview of basic Java concepts including:
1. Classes define data (fields) and code (methods) to represent objects, with fields accessible via getters/setters and methods operating on the fields.
2. Inheritance allows subclasses to extend existing classes, reusing and overriding their methods and fields.
3. Abstract classes define common interfaces for subclasses through abstract methods without bodies, while concrete subclasses implement the methods.
Java tutorial for Beginners and Entry LevelRamrao Desai
This document provides an overview of key Java concepts including classes, objects, inheritance, interfaces, exceptions, and more. It begins with a roadmap and definitions of object-oriented concepts like class and object. It then covers class variables and methods, visibility, static vs non-static, constructors, and the this keyword. The document also discusses inheritance, polymorphism, interfaces, exceptions, and error handling in Java.
This chapter discusses decision making, object-oriented fundamentals, inner classes, and exception handling in Java. It describes the use of if and switch statements for decision making. It also covers access specifiers, encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, abstract classes, interfaces, inner classes, and exceptions.
This document provides an overview of control statements and loops in Java programming. It discusses different types of control statements like if, if-else, if-else-if, switch statements and jump statements like break, continue, return. It also covers different types of loops in Java - for, while, do-while loops along with examples. Key topics include the syntax and usage of different control structures, nested loops and labeled loops in Java.
Lara Technologies are providing Software Training Division, Java/J2ee, Android, Web Services, Logical Coding, Basics Of C Language, Soft Skills, Aptitude, Etc.
1) The document discusses several Java performance myths and uses microbenchmarks to analyze them. It finds that final variables and String concatenation are not necessarily faster than alternatives.
2) It recommends using the Caliper framework for robust microbenchmarking and provides several useful JVM flags for profiling and optimization.
3) The document outlines various Java optimization strategies used by the JVM compiler including inlining, intrinsics, escape analysis, and loop unrolling. It emphasizes the importance of clear and readable code over premature optimization.
The document provides an overview of key Java concepts including classes, objects, methods, constructors, inheritance, polymorphism, abstraction, and encapsulation. It defines classes like Circle and Shape that demonstrate these concepts. Circles have fields like radius and methods like area() and circumference(). The Shape class is abstract with abstract area() and circumference() methods that concrete subclasses like Circle must implement. Access modifiers like public, private, and protected are used to control access to class members.
This 5-day Java workshop covers object-oriented programming (OOP) concepts like encapsulation, abstraction, inheritance, and polymorphism. It discusses the four principles of OOP and how to achieve abstraction through classes, objects, and inheritance. The document provides examples of using objects, constructors, and the this keyword. It also covers access modifiers, static methods, and encapsulation to control access to object attributes through getters and setters.
OOPS Concepts, Java Evolution, Class Object basic, Class Object Constructor overloading, Inheritance, Array and String, Final Abstract class and interfaces, Exceptions, Streams, GUI Applications, Applet Programming, Network Programming and Java Sockets, Multi Threading
Classes and objects are fundamental concepts in object-oriented programming. A class defines common properties and behaviors of objects through fields and methods. An object is an instance of a class that represents a real-world entity with state (fields) and behavior (methods). Classes can inherit properties and behaviors from superclasses and implement interfaces. Objects are created from classes using constructors.
Unit 2-data types,Variables,Operators,Conitionals,loops and arraysDevaKumari Vijay
The document discusses various Java data types including primitive data types like byte, short, int, long, float, double, char, boolean and their ranges. It also explains variables in Java - local variables, instance variables, static variables. Different types of operators like arithmetic, assignment, comparison, logical, bitwise operators are defined along with examples. The document also covers conditional statements like if-else, switch case and different loops in Java - for, while, do-while loops along with examples. Break and continue statements in Java loops are also explained.
1. Generics in Java allow types (like lists and stacks) to operate on multiple type parameters, providing compile-time type safety without sacrificing performance.
2. Using generics avoids casting and reduces errors by catching type problems at compile time rather than runtime. It produces more readable and maintainable code.
3. The document demonstrates how to define a generic Stack class that works for any type rather than just Integers, avoiding code duplication and future bugs.
This document discusses different techniques for code reuse in object-oriented programming, including inheritance, mixins, traits, and functional mixins. It notes some limitations of inheritance and abstract base classes when trying to share common code between subclasses. Mixins are presented as a way to share code by merging objects or functions into class prototypes without inheriting from them. Traits are described as "smart mixins" that define reusable behaviors but no state, and can be composed from other traits while resolving name conflicts through aliasing or exclusion.
This document provides an overview of various Java programming concepts including methods, command line arguments, constructors, this keyword, super keyword, static keyword, final keyword, and finally block. It discusses how to define methods with and without return values, pass parameters, and overload methods. It explains how to pass command line arguments to the main method. It describes the different types of constructors and how to use this and super keywords. It discusses how to declare static variables, methods, blocks, and nested classes. It also explains how to use the final keyword to create constant variables.
An evaluation is a value judgment about a person, place, event or thing that is supported by clear criteria and specific evidence. It must persuade others to accept the judgment through the use of criteria, standards, specific evidence from descriptions, statistics, expert opinions, testimony, examples or personal experiences. Key features of an effective evaluation include a concise description of the subject, clearly defined criteria, a knowledgeable discussion, a balanced assessment, and well-supported reasons. There are various types of evaluations and guidelines for organizing them effectively through different structures such as starting with the subject or criteria. Proper citation of sources and following formatting guidelines are also important.
In today's competitive market, many organizations are unaware of the quantity of poor-quality data in their systems. Some organizations assume that their data is of adequate quality, although they have conducted no metrical or statistical analysis to support the assumption. Others know that their performance is hampered by poor-quality data, but they cannot measure the problem.
Object Oriented Programming (OOP) allows developers to organize complex programs using classes and objects. OOP uses concepts like encapsulation, inheritance and polymorphism to keep data and functionality together in objects. The basic building blocks in OOP are classes, which define the properties and methods of an object, and objects, which are instances of classes. Classes can inherit properties and methods from parent classes, and objects can be identified and compared using operators like instanceof. Magic methods allow objects to override default behavior for operations like property access, method calling and object destruction.
The document provides an overview of basic Java concepts including:
1. Classes define data (fields) and code (methods) to represent objects, with fields accessible via getters/setters and methods operating on the fields.
2. Inheritance allows subclasses to extend existing classes, reusing and overriding their methods and fields.
3. Abstract classes define common interfaces for subclasses through abstract methods without bodies, while concrete subclasses implement the methods.
Java tutorial for Beginners and Entry LevelRamrao Desai
This document provides an overview of key Java concepts including classes, objects, inheritance, interfaces, exceptions, and more. It begins with a roadmap and definitions of object-oriented concepts like class and object. It then covers class variables and methods, visibility, static vs non-static, constructors, and the this keyword. The document also discusses inheritance, polymorphism, interfaces, exceptions, and error handling in Java.
This chapter discusses decision making, object-oriented fundamentals, inner classes, and exception handling in Java. It describes the use of if and switch statements for decision making. It also covers access specifiers, encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, abstract classes, interfaces, inner classes, and exceptions.
This document provides an overview of control statements and loops in Java programming. It discusses different types of control statements like if, if-else, if-else-if, switch statements and jump statements like break, continue, return. It also covers different types of loops in Java - for, while, do-while loops along with examples. Key topics include the syntax and usage of different control structures, nested loops and labeled loops in Java.
Lara Technologies are providing Software Training Division, Java/J2ee, Android, Web Services, Logical Coding, Basics Of C Language, Soft Skills, Aptitude, Etc.
1) The document discusses several Java performance myths and uses microbenchmarks to analyze them. It finds that final variables and String concatenation are not necessarily faster than alternatives.
2) It recommends using the Caliper framework for robust microbenchmarking and provides several useful JVM flags for profiling and optimization.
3) The document outlines various Java optimization strategies used by the JVM compiler including inlining, intrinsics, escape analysis, and loop unrolling. It emphasizes the importance of clear and readable code over premature optimization.
The document provides an overview of key Java concepts including classes, objects, methods, constructors, inheritance, polymorphism, abstraction, and encapsulation. It defines classes like Circle and Shape that demonstrate these concepts. Circles have fields like radius and methods like area() and circumference(). The Shape class is abstract with abstract area() and circumference() methods that concrete subclasses like Circle must implement. Access modifiers like public, private, and protected are used to control access to class members.
This 5-day Java workshop covers object-oriented programming (OOP) concepts like encapsulation, abstraction, inheritance, and polymorphism. It discusses the four principles of OOP and how to achieve abstraction through classes, objects, and inheritance. The document provides examples of using objects, constructors, and the this keyword. It also covers access modifiers, static methods, and encapsulation to control access to object attributes through getters and setters.
OOPS Concepts, Java Evolution, Class Object basic, Class Object Constructor overloading, Inheritance, Array and String, Final Abstract class and interfaces, Exceptions, Streams, GUI Applications, Applet Programming, Network Programming and Java Sockets, Multi Threading
Classes and objects are fundamental concepts in object-oriented programming. A class defines common properties and behaviors of objects through fields and methods. An object is an instance of a class that represents a real-world entity with state (fields) and behavior (methods). Classes can inherit properties and behaviors from superclasses and implement interfaces. Objects are created from classes using constructors.
Unit 2-data types,Variables,Operators,Conitionals,loops and arraysDevaKumari Vijay
The document discusses various Java data types including primitive data types like byte, short, int, long, float, double, char, boolean and their ranges. It also explains variables in Java - local variables, instance variables, static variables. Different types of operators like arithmetic, assignment, comparison, logical, bitwise operators are defined along with examples. The document also covers conditional statements like if-else, switch case and different loops in Java - for, while, do-while loops along with examples. Break and continue statements in Java loops are also explained.
1. Generics in Java allow types (like lists and stacks) to operate on multiple type parameters, providing compile-time type safety without sacrificing performance.
2. Using generics avoids casting and reduces errors by catching type problems at compile time rather than runtime. It produces more readable and maintainable code.
3. The document demonstrates how to define a generic Stack class that works for any type rather than just Integers, avoiding code duplication and future bugs.
This document discusses different techniques for code reuse in object-oriented programming, including inheritance, mixins, traits, and functional mixins. It notes some limitations of inheritance and abstract base classes when trying to share common code between subclasses. Mixins are presented as a way to share code by merging objects or functions into class prototypes without inheriting from them. Traits are described as "smart mixins" that define reusable behaviors but no state, and can be composed from other traits while resolving name conflicts through aliasing or exclusion.
This document provides an overview of various Java programming concepts including methods, command line arguments, constructors, this keyword, super keyword, static keyword, final keyword, and finally block. It discusses how to define methods with and without return values, pass parameters, and overload methods. It explains how to pass command line arguments to the main method. It describes the different types of constructors and how to use this and super keywords. It discusses how to declare static variables, methods, blocks, and nested classes. It also explains how to use the final keyword to create constant variables.
An evaluation is a value judgment about a person, place, event or thing that is supported by clear criteria and specific evidence. It must persuade others to accept the judgment through the use of criteria, standards, specific evidence from descriptions, statistics, expert opinions, testimony, examples or personal experiences. Key features of an effective evaluation include a concise description of the subject, clearly defined criteria, a knowledgeable discussion, a balanced assessment, and well-supported reasons. There are various types of evaluations and guidelines for organizing them effectively through different structures such as starting with the subject or criteria. Proper citation of sources and following formatting guidelines are also important.
In today's competitive market, many organizations are unaware of the quantity of poor-quality data in their systems. Some organizations assume that their data is of adequate quality, although they have conducted no metrical or statistical analysis to support the assumption. Others know that their performance is hampered by poor-quality data, but they cannot measure the problem.
The document describes an offline personal information system called E-PIS that allows users to store and access their personal details from any computer by plugging in a USB drive. Key features include profiles, qualifications, employment history, documents, and expiration details that can be viewed, downloaded, printed, or emailed. The system has both an administration panel to enter data and a user panel to access information. It aims to make a user's personal records portable and easily accessible.
Este manual describe las estrategias competitivas básicas para las empresas. Explica los componentes de la estrategia, incluidas las actividades primarias y secundarias. Luego describe varias estrategias genéricas como el liderazgo en costos, la diferenciación y la segmentación. También cubre estrategias a lo largo del ciclo de vida de la industria, estrategias de crecimiento y evaluación de la estrategia. El objetivo es ayudar a las empresas a desarrollar e implementar estrategias efectivas.
El documento describe los conceptos básicos de las bases de datos, incluyendo los modelos de datos, entidades, atributos, relaciones, normalización, integridad referencial, y el lenguaje SQL. Proporciona ejemplos de consultas SQL para ilustrar conceptos como seleccionar, filtrar, agrupar, unir tablas y resumir datos de varias tablas relacionadas.
1 introducción a la teoria general de sistemasOscar Chevez
Este documento introduce conceptos básicos de la teoría general de sistemas. Define un sistema como un conjunto de entidades que interactúan y se relacionan formando un todo unitario. Explica que los sistemas están compuestos de elementos y subsistemas, y tienen fronteras, estructura, organización y relaciones con su ambiente. Además, introduce conceptos como sinergia, modelo y otros principios clave de la teoría de sistemas.
El documento describe los sistemas de numeración decimal, binario, octal y hexadecimal. Explica cómo convertir números entre estos sistemas usando divisiones sucesivas y potencias de la base del sistema. Incluye ejercicios de conversión entre los diferentes sistemas.
This document discusses the concept of elasticity, specifically price elasticity of demand. It defines elasticity as a measure of how responsive one variable is to changes in another. Price elasticity of demand measures the responsiveness of quantity demanded to changes in price. It is calculated as the percentage change in quantity demanded divided by the percentage change in price. The document discusses factors that determine elasticity and the implications of elastic versus inelastic demand for profit maximization.
1) The document discusses the economic concepts of demand, supply, and market equilibrium. It explains that demand is represented by a demand schedule or curve that shows the quantity consumers will purchase at different prices. The law of demand states that, all else equal, quantity demanded increases as price decreases.
2) Market demand is calculated by summing the demand of all individual consumers. The determinants of demand, such as income, tastes, and prices of related goods, can cause the demand curve to shift.
3) The interaction between supply and demand determines the market equilibrium price and quantity. Changes in supply or demand can cause the equilibrium to change as well.
The document describes a genetics experiment using Drosophila melanogaster (fruit flies) to study Mendelian inheritance. Students crossed flies with different eye colors (wild type vs scarlet eyes) to study monohybrid crosses. They found a 3:1 ratio of wild type to scarlet eyes in the F2 generation, supporting Mendel's law of segregation. Statistical analysis using a chi-squared test verified the results matched expected Mendelian ratios.
Este documento presenta un curso sobre logística y cadenas de suministro. Cubre temas como conceptos básicos de logística y cadena de suministro, tipos de cadenas, diseño de cadenas de suministro, planeación de requerimientos, operación de bodegas, sistemas de transporte, tecnología de la información e implementación de redes de distribución. El documento contiene múltiples secciones, figuras y tablas para explicar estos conceptos clave de la gestión de la cadena de suministro.
Este documento presenta las actividades y recursos para dos unidades de un curso sobre estrategias avanzadas de docencia en línea. La primera unidad se enfoca en las características de los materiales y desarrolla habilidades científicas en los docentes. La segunda unidad examina las propiedades y clasificación química de los materiales. Cada unidad incluye objetivos, enunciados, recursos, criterios de evaluación y fechas límite para las tareas. El documento busca mejorar el aprendizaje de los estudiantes mediante un
Este documento habla sobre la metodología de la preparación de la fuerza dentro de la planificación de la preparación física. Explica la importancia de la fuerza en el alto rendimiento deportivo y define los diferentes tipos de fuerza como la máxima, resistencia y velocidad. También describe cómo entrenar estas cualidades de fuerza en diferentes etapas y cómo aplicar el entrenamiento con pesas en jóvenes deportistas de manera segura.
El documento presenta un cuestionario sobre la unidad uno de gestión empresarial que cubre los antecedentes y teorías de la gestión. El cuestionario incluye preguntas sobre el origen de la gestión empresarial, su importancia, y las ventajas y desventajas de varias teorías de la gestión como la teoría científica, teoría clásica, teoría de sistemas, entre otras. También pide una síntesis de la unidad completa.
PowerPoint presentation for creating a blog on www.wordpress.comSohail Siddiqi
This document provides instructions for creating a blog on WordPress.com. It explains that a blog is a personal website where an individual shares opinions and links on a regular basis. Reasons for creating a blog include promoting yourself or a business, helping people by sharing experiences, establishing expertise in a field, and connecting with likeminded people. The document then guides the reader through setting up a WordPress.com account and email, choosing a free theme, customizing the blog, connecting social media, writing blog posts, adding categories, and including images and videos in blog posts.
Designing Long-Term Policy: Rethinking Transition ManagementiBoP Asia
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Master%20 calidad textos%20del%20curso%20para%20el%20alumnoLizeth Molina Solis
Este documento presenta el módulo 1 de un master sobre sistemas integrados de gestión de calidad, medio ambiente y prevención de riesgos laborales de la UNED. El módulo introduce conceptos clave sobre la calidad, incluyendo su historia, evolución, estado actual y futuro. Se explican temas como la calidad como estrategia empresarial, su relación con costes y beneficios, etapas históricas significativas en su desarrollo y enfoques actuales en empresas. El documento proporciona una guía general sobre
Taller ley de victimas y restitucion de tierrasAutonomo
Este documento resume los principales aspectos de la ley colombiana 1448 de 2011 sobre las víctimas del conflicto armado. Explica los derechos de las víctimas a la verdad, la justicia y la reparación integral, así como los hechos victimizantes cubiertos por la ley. También describe los procedimientos para el registro de víctimas, los montos de la indemnización administrativa y a quiénes les corresponde.
Las Pruebas de Software son todavía una de las áreas más desatendidas del desarrollo y espliegue de los productos de software. Las Pruebas de Software son predominantemente vistas como una actividad periférica, casi una formalidad, antes del espliegue del software. Un cambio de actitud y un buen programa de estudios como fundamento hacia las Pruebas de Software pueden reducir tremendamente los problemas normalmente asociados con el lanzamiento del nuevo software y minimizar el riesgo implicado. El programa de estudio del ISTQB (International Software Testing Qualifications Board) Probador Certificado (Certified Tester) ofrece el mejor
entrenamiento estandarizado del mundo para los probadores de software.
Este libro le proporcionará el conocimiento esencial para ser un profesional en Pruebas, que incluye:
Fundamentos de Pruebas
Pruebas a través del Ciclo de Vida de Software
Técnicas Estáticas
Técnicas de Diseño de Pruebas
Gestión de Pruebas
Soporte de las Herramientas de Pruebas
Adquisición de Herramientas y Software en General en una Organización
Más de 200 preguntas de examen de muestra con soluciones
Ejercicios prácticos y soluciones por cada tema cubierto
Caso real, resuelto, como ejemplo a lo largo de los temas
Dos exámenes de simulación del examen real
Estándares de Pruebas
Excelente Bibliografía
Cabe señalar que este libro no es sólo para los probadores sino también para quienes están encargados de la adquisición de software en general, gerentes de tecnología, gerentes del Aseguramiento de la Calidad/Control de la Calidad (QA/QC), gerentes de sistemas, jefes de proyectos de software, analistas, arquitectos, desarrolladores, estudiantes y profesores de TI.
Asimismo este libro está diseñado para el autoestudio. El contenido comprende el programa de estudios necesario para aprobar el examen de certificación nivel básico definido por el ISTQB versión 2011 (Syllabus 2011).
This document discusses polymorphism in object-oriented programming using Java. It defines polymorphism as having many forms, where classes related by inheritance can perform the same task in different ways. It provides an example of an Animal class with a sound method, where subclasses Cat and Dog override the method to output different sounds. This demonstrates runtime polymorphism, where the method called depends on the object. Compile-time polymorphism through method overloading is also discussed, where methods have the same name but different parameters. Polymorphism allows for consistent code by using the same method names for related tasks in different classes.
The document discusses key concepts of object-oriented programming (OOP) including objects, classes, constructors, encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism. It provides examples to illustrate each concept. Objects contain data (states) and behaviors (methods). A class acts as a blueprint to create objects. Constructors initialize objects. Encapsulation hides implementation details and controls access via getters and setters. Inheritance allows classes to acquire properties and behaviors of other classes. Polymorphism allows the same method to process objects differently based on their data type.
This document provides an agenda and overview of key concepts in object-oriented programming with Java, including:
- Class syntax such as access modifiers, static members, and the 'this' keyword.
- Constructors, initializers, and how to call other constructors.
- Inheritance concepts like subclasses, superclasses, and using the 'super' keyword.
- Interfaces as contracts that can be implemented by classes.
- Nested classes, both static and inner classes, as well as anonymous classes.
- Enums for defining constant sets that can implement methods.
The document provides examples to illustrate each concept.
This document provides an overview of basic Java concepts including comments, classes, variables, methods, constructors, inheritance, abstraction, and encapsulation. It defines classes like Person and Circle with fields and methods, demonstrates subclassing with PlaneCircle extending Circle, and shows abstract classes like Shape with abstract methods like area() that subclasses must implement. Getters and setters are presented as a convention for accessing fields. The document also covers scoping, arrays as objects, static methods, and access control levels.
This document discusses several design patterns: Factory, Flyweight, Singleton, Observer, Proxy, Decorator. It provides definitions and examples of when to use each pattern. The Factory pattern creates objects without specifying the exact class. Flyweight reduces memory usage by sharing instances. Singleton ensures only one instance exists. Observer notifies dependent objects of state changes. Proxy controls access to another object. Decorator adds new behaviors to an object dynamically.
The document provides an overview of key Java concepts including classes, objects, methods, constructors, inheritance, polymorphism, abstraction, and encapsulation. It defines classes like Circle and Shape that demonstrate these concepts. Circles have fields like radius and methods like area() and circumference(). The Shape class is abstract with abstract area() and circumference() methods that concrete subclasses like Circle must implement. Access modifiers like public, private, and protected are used to control access to class members.
Java classes provide templates for objects with methods and fields. Classes can contain static methods and fields that are shared across all instances, as well as instance methods and fields that are unique to each object. Arrays are objects that hold multiple elements of a single type, accessed via integer indices starting from 0. Comments provide documentation for code via javadoc comments or single-line comments. Constructors initialize new objects and can overload based on argument types. Methods define reusable blocks of code that may return values or not.
This document discusses key object-oriented programming concepts including encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, abstract classes, and interfaces. It provides examples of how encapsulation hides implementation details and inheritance allows classes to inherit properties from superclasses. Polymorphism allows objects to take on multiple forms through inheritance. Abstract classes cannot be instantiated directly but provide a common definition that concrete subclasses implement. Interfaces define behaviors for classes to implement but do not provide implementations.
The document discusses key concepts related to arrays in Java including:
1) Declaring and initializing arrays of primitive and object types.
2) Creating single and multi-dimensional arrays.
3) Copying elements between arrays using System.arrayCopy().
The document discusses Java classes and objects. It explains that a class describes data objects and operations that can be applied to those objects. Every object and method in Java belongs to a class. Classes have data fields and code methods. Constructors are used to create or construct instances of a class and are differentiated by their arguments. The document also provides examples of classes, methods, and constructors.
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This document provides an overview of object-oriented programming (OOP) concepts in PHP including classes, objects, encapsulation, polymorphism, inheritance, magic methods, interfaces, abstract classes, and type hinting. Key points covered include defining classes with properties and methods, instantiating objects from classes, visibility of properties and methods, extending and overriding parent classes, implementing interfaces, and using polymorphism through interfaces to allow different classes to be used interchangeably.
The document discusses key concepts related to classes and objects in object-oriented programming. It defines class, object, class variables, object variables, class methods, and object methods. It explains that a class is a blueprint or template for creating objects, and that every object is built from a class. It also provides examples of how to write a class in different programming languages like ActionScript 3 and Visual Basic. The document then discusses other important OOP concepts like inheritance, polymorphism, exception handling, and common programming structures like arrays, foreach loops, and GUI components.
The document discusses defining classes and objects in Java. It covers defining simple classes, class elements like fields and methods, constructors, properties, static members, and using classes by creating instances and calling methods. Key points include classes define the structure of objects, constructors initialize object state, properties encapsulate fields, and static members are associated with a class not individual objects.
This document provides an overview of object-oriented programming concepts in Java, including classes, objects, variables, methods, constructors, abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism. It defines classes and objects, and describes how classes act as blueprints for objects. It explains the syntax for defining classes and class members like variables and methods. It also covers method overloading, different types of methods, and how constructors are used to initialize objects. The document concludes with brief explanations of abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism as fundamental principles of object-oriented design.
This document discusses objects and classes in Java. It begins by defining what a class is - a template that defines common properties of objects. Everything in a Java program must be encapsulated within a class. A class defines an object's state via fields and behavior via methods. The document then discusses how to define classes by specifying fields, methods, and constructors. It provides examples of creating objects from classes and accessing object members. The document also covers key object-oriented programming concepts like encapsulation and inheritance.
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AI 101: An Introduction to the Basics and Impact of Artificial IntelligenceIndexBug
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“An Outlook of the Ongoing and Future Relationship between Blockchain Technologies and Process-aware Information Systems.” Invited talk at the joint workshop on Blockchain for Information Systems (BC4IS) and Blockchain for Trusted Data Sharing (B4TDS), co-located with with the 36th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE), 3 June 2024, Limassol, Cyprus.
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- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
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See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
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In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
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Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
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2. About Me
• CIS Graduate
• 3+ years experience in software development
• Asp.Net 3.5, Silverlight 3, Drupal
CMS, Android, CRM
• Currently CRM consultant at Sakonent
• Passionate Technology Trainer
• Wing Chun Kung Fu student
• Google Fahad Ali Shaikh for more
3. Agenda
• What are Design Patterns and why should we
use them?
• Let’s strengthen our OOP.
• Creational Pattern
– Singleton
– Factory Pattern
• Behavioral Patterns
– Strategy Pattern
– Observer Pattern
6. What are DP and Why DP?
• A design pattern is a documented best
practice or core of a solution that has been
applied successfully in multiple environments
to solve a problem that recurs in a specific set
of situations.
• Patterns address solution to a problem
7. What are DP and Why DP?
• Focus on solving the MAIN problem rather
than the small ones
8. What are DP and Why DP?
• Someone has already done what you want to
do
9. What are DP and Why DP?
• A shared language for communicating the
experience gained in dealing with these
recurring problems and their solutions
10. What are DP and Why DP?
• Patterns are discovered not invented
11. What are DP and Why DP?
• Patterns are used effectively with experience
12. Design Patterns Categories
Purpose Design Pattern Aspects that can vary
Creational Abstract Factory Families of product objects
Singleton Creation of a single object
Factory Method Subclass of object instantiated
Structural Adapter Interface to an object
Facade Interface to a subsystem
Flyweight Storage costs of objects
Proxy How an object is accessed
Behavioral Command When & how a request is fulfilled
Iterator Traversal of elements in an
aggregate
14. Lets Strengthen Our OOP!
• Tight Encapsulation
• Encapsulation refers to the combining of
fields and methods together in a class
such that the methods operate on the
data, as opposed to users of the class
accessing the fields directly.
15. Lets Strengthen Our OOP!
• Loose Coupling
• Coupling is the extent to which one object
depends on another object to achieve its
goal.
16. Lets Strengthen Our OOP!
• Loose Coupling
–Coupling is the extent to which one
object depends on another object
to achieve its goal.
17. Lets Strengthen Our OOP!
• Loose Coupling
• public class Address {
• public String street;
• public String city;
• public int zip;
• }
18. Lets Strengthen Our OOP!
• Not so Loose Coupling
• public class Employee {
• private Address home;
• public Employee(String street, String city, int zip) {
• home = new Address();
• home.street = street;
• home.city = city;
• home.zip = zip;
}
• }
19. Lets Strengthen Our OOP!
• Loose Coupling
• Encapsulate – Use getters and setters
20. Lets Strengthen Our OOP!
• High Cohesion
• Cohesion refers to how closely related
the specific tasks are of an object.
• High cohesion is when an object performs
a collection of closely related tasks.
21. Lets Strengthen Our OOP!
• High Cohesion
• public class Payroll {
• public void computeEmployeePay() {
• System.out.println(“Compute pay for employees”);
• }
• public void computeEmployeeTaxes() {
• System.out.println(“Compute taxes for employees”);
• }
• public void addNewEmployee(Employee e) {
• System.out.println(“New employee hired...”);
• }
• }
24. The Strategy Pattern
• Define a family of
algorithms, encapsulate each
one, and make them
interchangeable.
• Strategy lets the algorithm vary
independently from clients that use
it.
45. The Singleton Pattern
• Ensures a class has only one instance
• Provides a single point of reference
46. The Singleton Pattern – Use When
• There must be exactly one instance of a
class.
• May provide synchronous access to
avoid deadlocks.
• Very common in GUI toolkits, to specify
the connection to the OS/Windowing
system
47. The Singleton Pattern - Benefits
• Controls access to a scarce or unique
resource
• Helps avoid a central application class with
various global object references
• Subclasses can have different
implementations as required. Static or
global references don’t allow this
• Multiple or single instances can be allowed
48. The Singleton Pattern
public class ClassicSingleton {
private static ClassicSingleton instance = null;
protected ClassicSingleton() {
// exists only to defeat instantiation.
//should be private and final for performance
}
public static ClassicSingleton getInstance() {
if(instance == null) {
instance = new ClassicSingleton();
}
return instance;
}
}
49. The Factory Pattern
The Factory pattern returns an instance of one of several possible
classes depending on the data provided to it.
Here, x is a base class and classes xy and xz are derived from it.
The Factory is a class that decides which of these subclasses to
return depending on the arguments you give it.
The getClass() method passes in some value abc, and returns
some instance of the class x. Which one it returns doesn't matter
to the programmer since they all have the same methods, but
different implementations.
50. The Factory Pattern
The Factory pattern returns an instance of one of several possible
classes depending on the data provided to it.
Here, x is a base class and classes xy and xz are derived from it.
The Factory is a class that decides which of these subclasses to
return depending on the arguments you give it.
The getClass() method passes in some value abc, and returns
some instance of the class x. Which one it returns doesn't matter
to the programmer since they all have the same methods, but
different implementations.
51. The Factory Pattern
Suppose we have an entry form and we want to allow the user to enter his
name either as “firstname lastname” or as “lastname, firstname”.
Let’s make the assumption that we will always be able to decide the name
order by whether there is a comma between the last and first name.
class Namer { //a simple class to take a string apart into two names
protected String last; //store last name here
protected String first; //store first name here
public String getFirst() {
return first; //return first name
}
public String getLast() {
return last; //return last name
}
}
52. The Factory Pattern
In the FirstFirst class, we assume that everything before the last
space is part of the first name.
class FirstFirst extends Namer {
public FirstFirst(String s) {
int i = s.lastIndexOf(" "); //find sep space
if (i > 0) {
first = s.substring(0, i).trim(); //left is first name
last =s.substring(i+1).trim(); //right is last name
} else {
first = “” // put all in last name
last = s; // if no space
}
}
}
53. The Factory Pattern
In the LastFirst class, we assume that a comma delimits the last
name.
class LastFirst extends Namer { //split last, first
public LastFirst(String s) {
int i = s.indexOf(","); //find comma
if (i > 0) {
last = s.substring(0, i).trim(); //left is last name
first = s.substring(i + 1).trim(); //right is first name
} else {
last = s; // put all in last name
first = ""; // if no comma
}
}
}
54. The Factory Pattern
The Factory class is relatively simple. We just test for the existence
of a comma and then return an instance of one class or the other.
class NameFactory {
//returns an instance of LastFirst or FirstFirst
//depending on whether a comma is found
public Namer getNamer(String entry) {
int i = entry.indexOf(","); //comma determines name order
if (i>0)
return new LastFirst(entry); //return one class
else
return new FirstFirst(entry); //or the other
}
}
55. The Factory Pattern
NameFactory nfactory = new NameFactory();
String sFirstName, sLastName;
….
private void computeName() {
//send the text to the factory and get a class back
namer = nfactory.getNamer(entryField.getText());
//compute the first and last names using the returned class
sFirstName = namer.getFirst();
sLastName = namer.getLast();
}
56. The Factory – When to use
You should consider using a Factory pattern
when:
A class can’t anticipate which kind of class of
objects it must create.
A class uses its subclasses to specify which
objects it creates.
You want to localize the knowledge of which
class gets created.
59. The Observer Pattern
The cases when certain objects need to be
informed about the changes which occurred
in other objects and are frequent.
60. The Observer Pattern
The cases when certain objects need to be
informed about the changes which occurred
in other objects and are frequent.
Define a one-to-many dependency between
objects so that when one object changes
state, all its dependents are notified and
updated automatically.
61. The Observer Pattern
• This pattern is a cornerstone of the Model-
View-Controller architectural design, where
the Model implements the mechanics of the
program, and the Views are implemented as
Observers that are as much uncoupled as
possible to the Model components.
62. The Observer Pattern
• The participants classes in the Observer pattern are:
•
Observable - interface or abstract class defining the operations for
attaching and de-attaching observers to the client. In the GOF
book this class/interface is known as Subject.
• ConcreteObservable - concrete Observable class. It maintain the
state of the observed object and when a change in its state occurs
it notifies the attached Observers.
• Observer - interface or abstract class defining the operations to be
used to notify the Observer object.
• ConcreteObserverA, ConcreteObserverB - concrete Observer
implementations.
63. The Observer Pattern
• Observable()
• Construct an Observable with zero Observers.
• void addObserver(Observer o)
• Adds an observer to the set of observers for this
object, provided that it is not the same as some observer
already in the set.
• protected void clearChanged()
• Indicates that this object has no longer
changed, or that it has already notified all of its
observers of its most recent change, so that the hasChanged
method will now return false.
• int countObservers()
• Returns the number of observers of this
Observable object.
• void deleteObserver(Observer o)
• Deletes an observer from the set of observers of
this object.
• void deleteObservers()
• Clears the observer list so that this object no
longer has any observers.
64. The Observer Pattern
• boolean hasChanged()
• Tests if this object has changed.
• void notifyObservers()
• If this object has changed, as indicated by
the hasChanged method, then notify all of its
observers and then call the clearChanged method to
indicate that this object has no longer changed.
• void notifyObservers(Object arg)
• If this object has changed, as indicated by
the hasChanged method, then notify all of its
observers and then call the clearChanged method to
indicate that this object has no longer changed.
• protected void setChanged()
• Marks this Observable object as having been
changed; the hasChanged method will now return true.
65. The Observer Pattern
• // A Sub-class of Observable: a Clock Timer
• import java.util.Observable;
• class ClockTimerModel extends Observable {
public:
ClockTimer();
• int GetHour(){return hour};
int GetMinute(){return minute};
int GetSecond(){return second};
• void tick(){
• // update internal time-keeping state ……………………
// The Observable object notifies all its registered observers
setChanged();
• notifyObservers();};
• private:
• int hour;
• int minute;
• int second;
};
• In green are the changes to be applied to the class to be made an observable
class.
66. The Observer Pattern
• public void update(Observable o, Object arg)
• This method is called whenever the observed
object is changed. An application calls an
Observable object's notifyObservers method to
have all the object's observers notified of
the change.
• Parameters:
• o - the observable object.
• arg - an argument passed to the
notifyObservers method.
67. The Observer Pattern
• // A specific Observer to observe ClockTimerModel:
DigitalClockView
• //
• import java.util.Observer;
• class DigitalClockView implements Observer {
• public void update(Observable obs, Object x) {
• //redraw my clock’s reading
draw();};
•
void draw(){
int hour = obs.GetHour();
int minute = obs.GetMinute();
int second = obs.GetSecond();
• // draw operation};
• };
68. The Observer Pattern
• public class ObserverDemo extends Object {
• DigitalClockView clockView;
• ClockTimerModel clockModel;
• public ObservDemo() {
• clockView = new DigitalClockView();
• clockModel = new ClockTimerModel();
• clockModel.addObserver(clockView);
• }
• public static void main(String[] av) {
• ObserverDemo me = new ObserverDemo();
• me.demo();
• }
• public void demo() {
• clockModel.Tick();
• }
81. The Problem
• The problems of two previous designs
– we get class explosions, rigid designs,
– or we add functionality to the base class that
isn’t appropriate for some of the subclasses.
82. The Problem Revisited
• If a customer wants a Dark Roast with Mocha
and Whip
– Take a DarkRoast object
– Decorate it with a Mocha object
– Decorate it with a Whip object
– Call the cost() method and rely on
– delegation to add on the condiment costs
This template can be used as a starter file for presenting training materials in a group setting.SectionsRight-click on a slide to add sections. Sections can help to organize your slides or facilitate collaboration between multiple authors.NotesUse the Notes section for delivery notes or to provide additional details for the audience. View these notes in Presentation View during your presentation. Keep in mind the font size (important for accessibility, visibility, videotaping, and online production)Coordinated colors Pay particular attention to the graphs, charts, and text boxes.Consider that attendees will print in black and white or grayscale. Run a test print to make sure your colors work when printed in pure black and white and grayscale.Graphics, tables, and graphsKeep it simple: If possible, use consistent, non-distracting styles and colors.Label all graphs and tables.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.