A novel miniaturized circular fractal antenna is designed by inscribing circular slot on rectangular ground plane and successively forming circular rings connected by semi-circles for circular-fractal patch. Novel modified Coplanar Waveguide (CPW) is used as feed for fractal circular patch. The analysis of parametric variations is performed by consecutive fractal iterations, varying the radius of inscribed circle of ground plane, slots and different ground plane configurations. To further enhance gain and radiation pattern a dual inverted L slots is included in ground plane. From the results it is evident that, the proposed fractal antenna possesses triple bands at 1.8GHz, 3.5GHz and 5.5GHz. These bands are used in Digital Communication Systems (DCS) (1.8GHz), IEEE 802.16d fixed WiMAX (3.5GHz) and IEEE 802.11a WLAN (5.5GHz) applications.
A Miniature Microstrip Antenna Array using Circular Shaped Dumbbell for ISM B...IJECEIAES
The aim of this work is the achievement, and the validation of a small microstrip patch antenna array using a circular shaped dumbbell defected ground structure. This work has been dividing into two stages: The first step is to miniaturize a microstrip patch antenna resonating at 5.8GHz, which operate in the Industrial Scientific Medical band (ISM) and the second is to use a circular defected ground structure to shift the resonance frequency of the antenna array from 5.8GHz to 2.45GHz. At last, a miniaturization up to 74.47%, relative to the original microstrip antenna array has accomplished. The antenna structure has designed, optimized and miniaturized using CST MW Studio. The obtained results have compared with Ansoft’s HFSS electromagnetic solver. The antenna array has fabricated on FR-4 substrate, and its reflection coefficient is measured.
A compact printed wideband antenna with circular polarization is designed and the antenna parameters are analyzed in this work. Finite Element method based HFSS tool is used to design and simulate the antenna model. A basic structure of rectangular monopole is converted into a trapezoidal shape with tapered step ground. Different iterations of radiating element as well as defected ground structures are examined in this work to analyze the circular polarization characteristics of the antenna. A peak realized gain of 4.3dB and peak directivity of 3.8dB is attained from the current designed models. The design models are optimized and prototyped on FR4 substrate for measurement validation. By incorporating Split ring resonator (SRR) notch band characteristics are attained in the proposed wideband antenna.
Design of Square Miniaturized L Band Fractal AntennaEditor IJMTER
This paper introduces a new square patch miniaturized antenna operating in L band. The
design and analysis of the antenna is executed using IE3D electromagnetic simulation software using
substrate parameter of glass epoxy FR-4 substrate. In this paper, a Square patch of 10X10 mm2 is
investigated. In further improvements, parts of the patch are removed in two iterations to obtain a
miniaturized antenna. The proposed fractal antenna has a great potential of application and gives a
stable radiation performance in the frequency range of 1.333 GHz to 2 GHz.
Design and analysis of microstrip antenna with zig-zag feeder for wireless co...journalBEEI
This paper is presented a microstrip antenna with a zig-zag feeder for wireless communication, it has a wideband frequency spectrum (2-14) GHz. The proposed antenna is designed with a zig zag feed line which gave a wideband frequency and acceptable gain (7.448-5.928) dB, this antenna has zig zag slots printed in the ground plane on a lower side of the dielectric substrate, a certain form tuning stub is used to increase the matching between the feeder in the top layer of the substrate and ground plane in the bottom, this stub has an elliptical slot to performance matching input impedance with the feed line. The feeding technique used to feed this antenna is a strip feed line of 50 Ω. Different types of techniques are used to enhance the bandwidth of this antenna to get a wideband suitable for the requirements of the UWB antenna such as adjust the feed point position of the feed line with a tuning stub. All the radiation properties of the presented antenna are tested such as bandwidth, radiation pattern, and, gain.
A Miniature Microstrip Antenna Array using Circular Shaped Dumbbell for ISM B...IJECEIAES
The aim of this work is the achievement, and the validation of a small microstrip patch antenna array using a circular shaped dumbbell defected ground structure. This work has been dividing into two stages: The first step is to miniaturize a microstrip patch antenna resonating at 5.8GHz, which operate in the Industrial Scientific Medical band (ISM) and the second is to use a circular defected ground structure to shift the resonance frequency of the antenna array from 5.8GHz to 2.45GHz. At last, a miniaturization up to 74.47%, relative to the original microstrip antenna array has accomplished. The antenna structure has designed, optimized and miniaturized using CST MW Studio. The obtained results have compared with Ansoft’s HFSS electromagnetic solver. The antenna array has fabricated on FR-4 substrate, and its reflection coefficient is measured.
A compact printed wideband antenna with circular polarization is designed and the antenna parameters are analyzed in this work. Finite Element method based HFSS tool is used to design and simulate the antenna model. A basic structure of rectangular monopole is converted into a trapezoidal shape with tapered step ground. Different iterations of radiating element as well as defected ground structures are examined in this work to analyze the circular polarization characteristics of the antenna. A peak realized gain of 4.3dB and peak directivity of 3.8dB is attained from the current designed models. The design models are optimized and prototyped on FR4 substrate for measurement validation. By incorporating Split ring resonator (SRR) notch band characteristics are attained in the proposed wideband antenna.
Design of Square Miniaturized L Band Fractal AntennaEditor IJMTER
This paper introduces a new square patch miniaturized antenna operating in L band. The
design and analysis of the antenna is executed using IE3D electromagnetic simulation software using
substrate parameter of glass epoxy FR-4 substrate. In this paper, a Square patch of 10X10 mm2 is
investigated. In further improvements, parts of the patch are removed in two iterations to obtain a
miniaturized antenna. The proposed fractal antenna has a great potential of application and gives a
stable radiation performance in the frequency range of 1.333 GHz to 2 GHz.
Design and analysis of microstrip antenna with zig-zag feeder for wireless co...journalBEEI
This paper is presented a microstrip antenna with a zig-zag feeder for wireless communication, it has a wideband frequency spectrum (2-14) GHz. The proposed antenna is designed with a zig zag feed line which gave a wideband frequency and acceptable gain (7.448-5.928) dB, this antenna has zig zag slots printed in the ground plane on a lower side of the dielectric substrate, a certain form tuning stub is used to increase the matching between the feeder in the top layer of the substrate and ground plane in the bottom, this stub has an elliptical slot to performance matching input impedance with the feed line. The feeding technique used to feed this antenna is a strip feed line of 50 Ω. Different types of techniques are used to enhance the bandwidth of this antenna to get a wideband suitable for the requirements of the UWB antenna such as adjust the feed point position of the feed line with a tuning stub. All the radiation properties of the presented antenna are tested such as bandwidth, radiation pattern, and, gain.
Novel fractal antenna for UWB applications using the coplanar waveguide feed ...IJECEIAES
In this study an original Coplanar Waveguide (CPW) antenna has been achieved into simulation and manufacturing in order to be an important candidate for the Ultra-wideband applications. The area of the proposed structure is 34mm x 43mm operating in the frequency range 3.1 GHz – 10.6 GHz released as UWB by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). To perform the design of the proposed CPW antenna two electromagnetic solvers has been adopted which are CST of Microwave Studio and ADS of Agilent. The radiating patch has been chosen circular with fractal geometry based on circular slots with different sizes. The dielectric substrate is an Epoxy FR4 with a Relative permittivity 4.4, a thickness 1.6 and a loss tangent 0.025. To valid the functionality of the antenna two parameters has been computed which are the coefficient of reflection and the radiation pattern and confirmed into measurement by using the Network Analyser and the anechoic chamber.
Wideband frequency reconfigurable metamaterial antenna design with double H s...journalBEEI
This paper presents the design of wideband frequency reconfigurable metamaterial antenna with double H slots. The design is based on the idea of composite right/left-handed transmission line (CRLH-TL) technique. Bandwidth enhancement was achieved by utilizing series left-handed capacitor CL transmission line parameter. The design has several outstanding advantages which include efficient bandwidth to cover many lower Application bands with multi frequency operation characteristics. A comprehensive analysis and simulation were done by using computer simulation technology (CST) software to determine the performance and efficiency of the proposed antenna. From the result obtained, the antenna aquired bandwidth range which covered (2.3-5.2) GHz which is equivalent to 77% fractional bandwidth. The wideband antenna was reconfigured by using frequency reconfiguration technique. From the reconfiguration results, the antenna can be switch from wideband to two single bands which resonate at 2.4 GHz and 4.2 GHz and to dual band which resonate at 2.4 GHz and 4.2 GHz. The realized peak gain at 2.4 GHz is 2.28 dBi and 2.58 dBi for E and H field respectively. The maximum efficiency of 96% was obtained. The antenna can be use for WLAN, proposed lower 5G band and cognitive radio system for frequency sencing.
Square Microstrip Antenna with Dual Probe for Dual Polarization in ISM BandIOSR Journals
Abstract: This paper presents the design of antenna operating in ISM band at 2.4 GHz. The designed square patch antenna is dual polarized with two rectangle shaped slot inserted on the patch. The FR4 dielectric material is used for the antenna consist of Dual probe feed with ground plane. HFSS software is used for the simulation which shows the result for isolation as 28 dB, antenna gain of 5.96 dB and bandwidth 222MHz. Keywords: Dual feed, Dual polarization, ISM Band, Probe Feed, Square MSA
A New Planar Multiband Antenna for GPS, ISM and WiMAX Applications IJECEIAES
In this paper a design of a new antenna with modified ground plane is validated for multiband applications. The proposed modified ground structure is incorporated with a patch antenna to boost the performance. The antenna’s entire area is 59.5x47mm 2 and is printed on an FR-4 substrate and fed by a 50 Ohm microstrip line. This structure is validated in the GPS (1.56-1.58 GHz) band at 1.57 GHz, in the ISM (2.43-2.49 GHz) band at 2.45GHz and in the WiMAX (3.50-3.56 GHz) band at 3.53 GHz. These three frequency bands have good matching input impedance for, S11≤-10 dB. The antenna presents a good performance in terms of radiation pattern, and it is designed, optimized, and miniaturized by using CST-MW whose results are compared with other solvers HFSS and ADS. The results obtained by the use of the three EM solvers are in good agreement. After realization, we have tested and validated this antenna. The measurement results of the antenna present a good agreement with the numerical results.
Design of wide band slotted microstrip patch antenna with defective ground st...IJECEIAES
This paper proposes a microstrip patch antenna (MSPA) in the Ku band for satellite applications. The antenna is small in size with dimensions of about 40 mm×48 mm×1.59 mm and is fed with a coaxial cable of 50 Ω impedance. The proposed antenna has a wide bandwidth of 3.03 GHz ranging from 12.8 GHz to 15.8 GHz. To realize the characteristics of wideband the techniques of defective ground structure (DGS) and etching slots on the radiating element are adopted. The antenna is modeled on the FR4 substrate. A basic circular patch is selected for the design of a dual-frequency operation and in the next step DGS is introduced into the basic antenna and enhanced bandwidth is achieved at both the frequencies. To attain wider bandwidth two slots are etched on the radiating element of which one is a square ring slot and the second one is a circular ring slot. The novelty of the proposed antenna is a miniaturized design and unique response within the Ku band region which is applicable for wireless UWB applications with VSWR <2 and an average gain of 3.6 dB.
Gain enhancement of microstrip patch antenna using artificial magnetic conductorjournalBEEI
The paper presents an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) structure to enhance the gain of the double microstrip patch antenna. By placing this kind of metamaterial in between the two Rogers RT5880 substrates, the antenna achieved lots of improvement especially in terms of size miniaturization, bandwidth, return loss, gain and efficiency. The antenna is intended to operate at 16 GHz where the prospect fifth generation (5G) spectrum might be located. Integration of AMC structure into the proposed antenna helps to improve nearly 16.3% of gain and almost 23.6% of size reduction.
International Journal of Engineering Inventions (IJEI) provides a multidisciplinary passage for researchers, managers, professionals, practitioners and students around the globe to publish high quality, peer-reviewed articles on all theoretical and empirical aspects of Engineering and Science.
A Novel Low Cost Fractal Antenna Structure for ISM and WiMAX ApplicationsTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Different fractal structures have been widely used in many antennas designs for various applications. A fractal antenna is used for miniaturization and multiband operation. This paper presents a design of a dual-band fractal antenna fed by coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission line. The proposed antenna is designed and fabricated on an FR4 substrate with a volume of 70x60x1.6mm3, resonates at 2.42-2.62GHz and 3.40-3.65GHz with a return loss less than -10dB. The design and simulation process is carried out by using CST-MW studio electromagnetic solver. Simulation results show that the resulting antenna exhibits an interesting dual frequency resonant behavior making it suitable for dual band communication systems including the ISM and WiMAX applications. Concerning the fabrication and measurement of the final prototype of this antenna, a good agreement is found between simulation and measurement results for both frequency bands.
TRI-BAND MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR S-BAND NANO SATELLITE APPLICATION USING...ijsrd.com
It's the generation of tiny satellites which basically needs all its components to be miniature. The product proposed here is one such component, a tri band micro strip patch antenna operating at 2.6GHz, 3.6GHz S-band frequencies and 5.8 GHz. This real-time project work deals with a rectangular patch antenna operating at different frequencies working for various applications. The proposed S-Band Patch antenna is being designed and simulated using HFSS software. Obtaining optimum bandwidth efficiency by choosing suitable size without affecting any other parameters of the antenna is the challenge taken over in this project. The low profile, less weight patch antenna has antenna element of physical dimension 40x40x2.6mm .The substrate material being used is Alumina with dielectric constant 9.6. This antenna is designed to be used for TTC and payload downlink purposes. The designed patch array antenna meets all the parametric needs for a Polar orbiting satellite at Low Earth Orbit (LEO) region.
Performance analysis of beam divergence propagation through rainwater and sno...journalBEEI
In the present work the future communication requirements need to fulfill with high data rate, FSO (free space optic) with it is tremendous potential is the solution. This research observed the effectiveness analysis of FSO systems by modifying one of the most important FSO parameters beam divergence, under the most affected weather attenuating condition Rainwater and snow pack. The simulation is obtained and analyzed under single channels CSRZ-FSO (carrier-suppressed return-to-zero/free space optical) systems having capacity of 40 Gbps between two transceivers with variable distance. The connection is presently under 5 meteorological turbulences (light rain, medium rain, wet snow, heavy rain and dry snow). The results show the heavy rain and dry snow have a very high attenuation carried out in terms of Q-factor. this result led us to conclude that small divergence offers significant performance improvement for FSO link and this performance decrease every time the beam divergence increase, Therefore, to build inexpensive and reliable transmission media, we go with new method that still in the experiment area called hybrid RF/FSO (radio frequency/free space optical) that compatible with atmospherically status.
Four-Element Triangular Wideband Dielectric Resonator Antenna excited by a Co...IOSR Journals
Abstract-This paper numerically examines an array of four dielectric resonant antenna of equilateral triangle
shape. The Structure provides wideband low profile monopole-like antenna. As much as 30.90 % matching
bandwidth (S11<-10 dB) with monopole-like radiation pattern over the entire band has been achieved with 6.357
dBi peak gain. The geometry is a four equilateral triangular dielectric volume over a ground plane, and is
centrally excited by a coaxial probe to provide a broadside radiation pattern. An approximate expression is
used to compute the resonance frequency. Results are simulated using CST (Computer Simulation Technology)
Microwave Studio Suite 10.
Keywords-Dielectric resonator (DR), triangular dielectric resonator antenna (TDRA), S11 (S-Parameter),
perfect conductor (PEC), Impedance Bandwidth (IBW).
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Performance of Groundplane Shaping in Four-Element Dualband MIMO AntennaTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This work presents performance of groundplane shaping and its effect in four element dualband
multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna. This proposed four element dualband MIMO antenna
consists of four bowtie dipole antenna which operates at 1800 MHz (low frequency) and 2300 MHz (high
frequency). This proposed four element dualband MIMO antenna occupies a 270 x 210 x 100 mm3 of FR
4 substrate. We use four types of groundplane pattern i.e. full groundplane, cornered spatial groundplane,
crossed middle groundplane, and spiral groundplane. These various grounplane patterns influence the
performance of main parameters of dualband MIMO antenna. Cornered spatial groundplane pattern yields
a largest bandwidth (VSWR ≤ 2) 282 MHz or 15.24% of center frequency at low frequency. Full
groundplane pattern creates 135.2 MHz at high frequency. In addition, cornered spatial groundplane
pattern also generates a lowest VSWR that is valued 1.21 at both low frequency and high frequency. The
S parameters, basically both cornered spatial and full groundplane pattern produce a better return loss
than two others. All four groundplane patterns deliver equally a mutual coupling parameter.The last, this
proposed four element dualband MIMO with various groundplane patterns gives a good farfield properties
i.e. gain, radiation pattern, H-E field.
A new look on CSI imperfection in downlink NOMA systemsjournalBEEI
Observing that cooperative scheme benefits to non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) systems, we focus on system performance analysis of downlink. However, spectrum efficiency is still high priority to be addressed in existing systems and hence this paper presents full-duplex enabling in NOMA systems. Other challenge needs be considered related to channel state information (CSI). In particular, we derive closedform expressions of outage probability for such NOMA systems under the presence of CSI imperfection. Furthermore, to fully exploit practical environment, we provide system model associated with Nakagami-m fading. The Monte-Carlo simulations are conducted to verify the exactness of considered systems.
Novel fractal antenna for UWB applications using the coplanar waveguide feed ...IJECEIAES
In this study an original Coplanar Waveguide (CPW) antenna has been achieved into simulation and manufacturing in order to be an important candidate for the Ultra-wideband applications. The area of the proposed structure is 34mm x 43mm operating in the frequency range 3.1 GHz – 10.6 GHz released as UWB by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). To perform the design of the proposed CPW antenna two electromagnetic solvers has been adopted which are CST of Microwave Studio and ADS of Agilent. The radiating patch has been chosen circular with fractal geometry based on circular slots with different sizes. The dielectric substrate is an Epoxy FR4 with a Relative permittivity 4.4, a thickness 1.6 and a loss tangent 0.025. To valid the functionality of the antenna two parameters has been computed which are the coefficient of reflection and the radiation pattern and confirmed into measurement by using the Network Analyser and the anechoic chamber.
Wideband frequency reconfigurable metamaterial antenna design with double H s...journalBEEI
This paper presents the design of wideband frequency reconfigurable metamaterial antenna with double H slots. The design is based on the idea of composite right/left-handed transmission line (CRLH-TL) technique. Bandwidth enhancement was achieved by utilizing series left-handed capacitor CL transmission line parameter. The design has several outstanding advantages which include efficient bandwidth to cover many lower Application bands with multi frequency operation characteristics. A comprehensive analysis and simulation were done by using computer simulation technology (CST) software to determine the performance and efficiency of the proposed antenna. From the result obtained, the antenna aquired bandwidth range which covered (2.3-5.2) GHz which is equivalent to 77% fractional bandwidth. The wideband antenna was reconfigured by using frequency reconfiguration technique. From the reconfiguration results, the antenna can be switch from wideband to two single bands which resonate at 2.4 GHz and 4.2 GHz and to dual band which resonate at 2.4 GHz and 4.2 GHz. The realized peak gain at 2.4 GHz is 2.28 dBi and 2.58 dBi for E and H field respectively. The maximum efficiency of 96% was obtained. The antenna can be use for WLAN, proposed lower 5G band and cognitive radio system for frequency sencing.
Square Microstrip Antenna with Dual Probe for Dual Polarization in ISM BandIOSR Journals
Abstract: This paper presents the design of antenna operating in ISM band at 2.4 GHz. The designed square patch antenna is dual polarized with two rectangle shaped slot inserted on the patch. The FR4 dielectric material is used for the antenna consist of Dual probe feed with ground plane. HFSS software is used for the simulation which shows the result for isolation as 28 dB, antenna gain of 5.96 dB and bandwidth 222MHz. Keywords: Dual feed, Dual polarization, ISM Band, Probe Feed, Square MSA
A New Planar Multiband Antenna for GPS, ISM and WiMAX Applications IJECEIAES
In this paper a design of a new antenna with modified ground plane is validated for multiband applications. The proposed modified ground structure is incorporated with a patch antenna to boost the performance. The antenna’s entire area is 59.5x47mm 2 and is printed on an FR-4 substrate and fed by a 50 Ohm microstrip line. This structure is validated in the GPS (1.56-1.58 GHz) band at 1.57 GHz, in the ISM (2.43-2.49 GHz) band at 2.45GHz and in the WiMAX (3.50-3.56 GHz) band at 3.53 GHz. These three frequency bands have good matching input impedance for, S11≤-10 dB. The antenna presents a good performance in terms of radiation pattern, and it is designed, optimized, and miniaturized by using CST-MW whose results are compared with other solvers HFSS and ADS. The results obtained by the use of the three EM solvers are in good agreement. After realization, we have tested and validated this antenna. The measurement results of the antenna present a good agreement with the numerical results.
Design of wide band slotted microstrip patch antenna with defective ground st...IJECEIAES
This paper proposes a microstrip patch antenna (MSPA) in the Ku band for satellite applications. The antenna is small in size with dimensions of about 40 mm×48 mm×1.59 mm and is fed with a coaxial cable of 50 Ω impedance. The proposed antenna has a wide bandwidth of 3.03 GHz ranging from 12.8 GHz to 15.8 GHz. To realize the characteristics of wideband the techniques of defective ground structure (DGS) and etching slots on the radiating element are adopted. The antenna is modeled on the FR4 substrate. A basic circular patch is selected for the design of a dual-frequency operation and in the next step DGS is introduced into the basic antenna and enhanced bandwidth is achieved at both the frequencies. To attain wider bandwidth two slots are etched on the radiating element of which one is a square ring slot and the second one is a circular ring slot. The novelty of the proposed antenna is a miniaturized design and unique response within the Ku band region which is applicable for wireless UWB applications with VSWR <2 and an average gain of 3.6 dB.
Gain enhancement of microstrip patch antenna using artificial magnetic conductorjournalBEEI
The paper presents an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) structure to enhance the gain of the double microstrip patch antenna. By placing this kind of metamaterial in between the two Rogers RT5880 substrates, the antenna achieved lots of improvement especially in terms of size miniaturization, bandwidth, return loss, gain and efficiency. The antenna is intended to operate at 16 GHz where the prospect fifth generation (5G) spectrum might be located. Integration of AMC structure into the proposed antenna helps to improve nearly 16.3% of gain and almost 23.6% of size reduction.
International Journal of Engineering Inventions (IJEI) provides a multidisciplinary passage for researchers, managers, professionals, practitioners and students around the globe to publish high quality, peer-reviewed articles on all theoretical and empirical aspects of Engineering and Science.
A Novel Low Cost Fractal Antenna Structure for ISM and WiMAX ApplicationsTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Different fractal structures have been widely used in many antennas designs for various applications. A fractal antenna is used for miniaturization and multiband operation. This paper presents a design of a dual-band fractal antenna fed by coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission line. The proposed antenna is designed and fabricated on an FR4 substrate with a volume of 70x60x1.6mm3, resonates at 2.42-2.62GHz and 3.40-3.65GHz with a return loss less than -10dB. The design and simulation process is carried out by using CST-MW studio electromagnetic solver. Simulation results show that the resulting antenna exhibits an interesting dual frequency resonant behavior making it suitable for dual band communication systems including the ISM and WiMAX applications. Concerning the fabrication and measurement of the final prototype of this antenna, a good agreement is found between simulation and measurement results for both frequency bands.
TRI-BAND MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR S-BAND NANO SATELLITE APPLICATION USING...ijsrd.com
It's the generation of tiny satellites which basically needs all its components to be miniature. The product proposed here is one such component, a tri band micro strip patch antenna operating at 2.6GHz, 3.6GHz S-band frequencies and 5.8 GHz. This real-time project work deals with a rectangular patch antenna operating at different frequencies working for various applications. The proposed S-Band Patch antenna is being designed and simulated using HFSS software. Obtaining optimum bandwidth efficiency by choosing suitable size without affecting any other parameters of the antenna is the challenge taken over in this project. The low profile, less weight patch antenna has antenna element of physical dimension 40x40x2.6mm .The substrate material being used is Alumina with dielectric constant 9.6. This antenna is designed to be used for TTC and payload downlink purposes. The designed patch array antenna meets all the parametric needs for a Polar orbiting satellite at Low Earth Orbit (LEO) region.
Performance analysis of beam divergence propagation through rainwater and sno...journalBEEI
In the present work the future communication requirements need to fulfill with high data rate, FSO (free space optic) with it is tremendous potential is the solution. This research observed the effectiveness analysis of FSO systems by modifying one of the most important FSO parameters beam divergence, under the most affected weather attenuating condition Rainwater and snow pack. The simulation is obtained and analyzed under single channels CSRZ-FSO (carrier-suppressed return-to-zero/free space optical) systems having capacity of 40 Gbps between two transceivers with variable distance. The connection is presently under 5 meteorological turbulences (light rain, medium rain, wet snow, heavy rain and dry snow). The results show the heavy rain and dry snow have a very high attenuation carried out in terms of Q-factor. this result led us to conclude that small divergence offers significant performance improvement for FSO link and this performance decrease every time the beam divergence increase, Therefore, to build inexpensive and reliable transmission media, we go with new method that still in the experiment area called hybrid RF/FSO (radio frequency/free space optical) that compatible with atmospherically status.
Four-Element Triangular Wideband Dielectric Resonator Antenna excited by a Co...IOSR Journals
Abstract-This paper numerically examines an array of four dielectric resonant antenna of equilateral triangle
shape. The Structure provides wideband low profile monopole-like antenna. As much as 30.90 % matching
bandwidth (S11<-10 dB) with monopole-like radiation pattern over the entire band has been achieved with 6.357
dBi peak gain. The geometry is a four equilateral triangular dielectric volume over a ground plane, and is
centrally excited by a coaxial probe to provide a broadside radiation pattern. An approximate expression is
used to compute the resonance frequency. Results are simulated using CST (Computer Simulation Technology)
Microwave Studio Suite 10.
Keywords-Dielectric resonator (DR), triangular dielectric resonator antenna (TDRA), S11 (S-Parameter),
perfect conductor (PEC), Impedance Bandwidth (IBW).
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Performance of Groundplane Shaping in Four-Element Dualband MIMO AntennaTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This work presents performance of groundplane shaping and its effect in four element dualband
multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna. This proposed four element dualband MIMO antenna
consists of four bowtie dipole antenna which operates at 1800 MHz (low frequency) and 2300 MHz (high
frequency). This proposed four element dualband MIMO antenna occupies a 270 x 210 x 100 mm3 of FR
4 substrate. We use four types of groundplane pattern i.e. full groundplane, cornered spatial groundplane,
crossed middle groundplane, and spiral groundplane. These various grounplane patterns influence the
performance of main parameters of dualband MIMO antenna. Cornered spatial groundplane pattern yields
a largest bandwidth (VSWR ≤ 2) 282 MHz or 15.24% of center frequency at low frequency. Full
groundplane pattern creates 135.2 MHz at high frequency. In addition, cornered spatial groundplane
pattern also generates a lowest VSWR that is valued 1.21 at both low frequency and high frequency. The
S parameters, basically both cornered spatial and full groundplane pattern produce a better return loss
than two others. All four groundplane patterns deliver equally a mutual coupling parameter.The last, this
proposed four element dualband MIMO with various groundplane patterns gives a good farfield properties
i.e. gain, radiation pattern, H-E field.
A new look on CSI imperfection in downlink NOMA systemsjournalBEEI
Observing that cooperative scheme benefits to non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) systems, we focus on system performance analysis of downlink. However, spectrum efficiency is still high priority to be addressed in existing systems and hence this paper presents full-duplex enabling in NOMA systems. Other challenge needs be considered related to channel state information (CSI). In particular, we derive closedform expressions of outage probability for such NOMA systems under the presence of CSI imperfection. Furthermore, to fully exploit practical environment, we provide system model associated with Nakagami-m fading. The Monte-Carlo simulations are conducted to verify the exactness of considered systems.
T- Shape Antenna Design for Microwave Band Applications IJEEE
It’s been studied fractal antennas shows promising future. There are numerous kinds of antenna, the thirst for excelling in this area is ever increasing. In this paper a Fractal based Antenna is designed to achieve reduced size and multiband. Fractal antenna is simulated using EM wave simulator like HFSS (High frequency structured simulator) and is designed and developed for multiple applications. The proposed antenna is experimentally realized using FR Epoxy substrate with dielectric constant 4.4 and thickness h= 1.56 mm with coaxial feeding. The patch has the dimensions of 2.5 cm 2.5 cm. An experimental result of this antenna shows multiband characteristics having resonances at frequencies such as 2.4 GHz , 6.8 GHz, 8 GHz, 10.8 GHz, 12.2 GHz,15.4 GHz with bandwidth of 230 MHz, 2 GHz, 600 MHz, 870 MHz and 2 GHz respectively. Further VSWR is also studied in this paper.
Compact Rectangular Slot Microstrip Antenna with Band-Notched Characteristics...jmicro
In this paper, we present an offset microstrip-fed ultrawideband antenna with band notch
characteristics.The antenna structure consists of rectangular radiating patch and ground plane with
rectangular shaped slot, which increases impedance bandwidth upto 117.73%(2.9-11.2GHz).A new
modified U slot is etched in the radiating patch to create band-notched properties in the WiMAX (3.3-
3.7GHz) and C-band satellite communication (3.7-4.15GHz).Furthermore, parametric studies have been
conducted using EM simulation software CADFEKO suite(7.0) and optimized with stable radiation pattern
which satisfied UWB requirement for VSWR<2.A prototype of antenna is fabricated on 1.6mm thick FR-4
substrate with dielectric constant of 4.4 and loss tangent of 0.02.The designed antenna exhibits
bidirectional and omni directional radiation patterns along E and H-plane with stable gain and efficiency
over entire operating band except notch frequency band. Simulated results are in good agreement with the
measured results of the proposed antenna which makes it a good candidate for UWB application.
Conical Shaped Monopole Antenna for Multiband Wireless Applicationsiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering(IOSR-JECE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electronics and communication engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electronics and communication engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Compact Rectangular Slot Microstrip Antenna with Band-Notched Characteristics...jmicro
n this paper, we present an offset microstrip-fed ultraw
ideband antenna with band notch
characteristics.The antenna structure consists of rectangular r
adiating patch and ground plane with
rectangular shaped slot, which increases impedance bandwidth upto 1
17.73%(2.9-11.2GHz).A new
modified U slot is etched in the radiating patch to create band-
notched properties in the WiMAX (3.3-
3.7GHz) and C-band satellite communication (3.7-4.15GHz).Further
more, parametric studies have been
conducted using EM simulation software CADFEKO suite(7.0) and
optimized with stable radiation pattern
which satisfied UWB requirement for VSWR<2.A prototype of ante
nna is fabricated on 1.6mm thick FR-4
substrate with dielectric constant of 4.4 and loss tangent of 0.02
.The designed antenna exhibits
bidirectional and omni directional radiation patterns along E and
H-plane with stable gain and efficiency
over entire operating band except notch frequency band. Simulated res
ults are in good agreement with the
measured results of the proposed antenna which makes it a good
candidate for UWB application.
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF ITERATIVE SQUARE RING FRACTAL ANTENNA FOR DUAL BAND...jmicro
In this paper, iterative square ring fractal antenna is proposed, designed and developed for Wireless
application. The functional characteristics of the antenna such as return loss, VSWR, radiation pattern and
gain are evaluated. Compact size and multi-band compatibility are the major design requirements of
fractal antenna. The proposed antenna has the dimension of 20mm X 20mm and it supports dual band
which is designed in FR4 substrate. It resonates at 5.9 GHz and 8.8 GHz with the return loss of -33dB, -
16dB, respectively. Further, the performance of the antenna is analyzed by varying feed position, feed
width and substrate thickness. By the analysis, we concluded that the proposed antenna have better
performance at left feed position with 0.9mm of feed width at the substrate thickness of 3.2mm.
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF ITERATIVE SQUARE RING FRACTAL ANTENNA FOR DUAL BAND...jmicro
In this paper, iterative square ring fractal antenna is proposed, designed and developed for Wireless
application. The functional characteristics of the antenna such as return loss, VSWR, radiation pattern and
gain are evaluated. Compact size and multi-band compatibility are the major design requirements of
fractal antenna. The proposed antenna has the dimension of 20mm X 20mm and it supports dual band
which is designed in FR4 substrate. It resonates at 5.9 GHz and 8.8 GHz with the return loss of -33dB, -
16dB, respectively. Further, the performance of the antenna is analyzed by varying feed position, feed
width and substrate thickness. By the analysis, we concluded that the proposed antenna have better
performance at left feed position with 0.9mm of feed width at the substrate thickness of 3.2mm.
A ring monopole quad band antenna loaded with metamaterial and slots for wire...journalBEEI
The present wireless applications demand a compact, multi-operated, and stable radiation pattern antenna with good gain and impedance matching performance. To accomplish this requirement. In this paper, we propose a compact metamaterial structure loaded quad band antenna. The structural specifications/layout of the antenna consists of a circular ring monopole fed by a microstrip line. The ground part of the antenna is loaded with a metamaterial rectangular split-ring resonator (RSRR), an L-shaped slot, and two horizontally placed rectangular slots parallel to each other. No external matching circuit is utilized and impedance matching is solely controlled by the placement of slots. The antenna shows operation at 2.1 GHz (2.01-2.24 GHz, a bandwidth of 230 MHz (WLAN)), 4.5 GHz (4.35-4.66 GHz, a bandwidth of 310 MHz (C-band)), 5.5 GHz (5.37-5.77 GHz bandwidth of 400 MHz (WiMAX)), and 7.2 GHz (7.08-7.33 GHz, a bandwidth of 250 MHz (satellite band)). The antenna exhibits good gain and stable radiation pattern in both the plane and thus can be utilized for aforementioned applications.
Efficient Design of Sierpinski Fractal Antenna for High Frequency ApplicationsIJERA Editor
A wideband published slot antenna appropriate for wireless code division multiple access (WCDMA) and
sustaining the international interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) applications is planned here. The
antenna is fractal line fed and its construction is based on fractal geometry where the resonance frequency of
antenna is dropped by applying iteration methods. Fractal antennas are the most suited for aerospace and UWB
applications because of their low profile, light weight and low power handling capacity. They can be designed in
a variety of shapes in order to obtain enhanced gain and bandwidth, dual band and circular polarization to even
ultra-wideband operation. For the simulation process ANSOFT HFSS (high frequency structure simulator) has
been used. The effect of antenna dimensions and substrate parameters on the performance of antenna have been
discussed. The antenna has been designed using the Arlon substrate with relative permittivity of 1.3 and a
substrate of Sierpinski Carpet shaped placed on it. Feed used is the fractal line feed. The designed antenna is a
low profile, small size and multiband antenna since it can be operated at different frequencies within the
frequency range of 4.3GHz to 11GHz. It includes the frequencies used for wireless WCDMA application and
used to receive and transmit a high-frequency signal.
A novel multi-resonant and wideband fractal antenna for telecommunication ap...IJECEIAES
This letter presents the design, simulation, and measurement of a novel multiband fractal circular antenna for wireless applications. In the antenna design, we used a circular antenna where we took a ring. Then, in the first iteration, we added a new ring divided into two of the same size. For the second iteration, we added a ring of the same size after dividing it into two halves. In the third iteration, we added the third ring of the same size after dividing it into four. Due to the resonator defection, we were able to reduce the size of the starting antenna from 60×70×2 mm3 to 50×50×1.6 mm3 , to get the frequency of 2.48 GHz, and we generated new bandwidths with a high gain that reaches 5.02 dB. The proposed antenna radiation characteristics, such as the impedance matching, the gain, the radiation pattern, and the surface current distribution are presented and discussed. We find that the simulated and measured results are in acceptable agreement and affirm the good performance of the proposed antenna. The results obtained affirm that the proposed fractal antenna is a better candidate for integration into wireless communication circuits.
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DESIGN OF TRIPLE-BAND CPW FED CIRCULAR FRACTAL ANTENNA
1. International Journal on Cybernetics & Informatics (IJCI) Vol. 5, No. 4, August 2016
DOI: 10.5121/ijci.2016.5401 1
DESIGN OF TRIPLE-BAND CPW FED CIRCULAR
FRACTAL ANTENNA
Naresh Kumar Darimireddy1
, R. Ramana Reddy2
and A. Mallikarjuna Prasad3
1
Research Scholar, JNTUK, Kakinada, AP, INDIA
2
Department of ECE, MVGR College of Engineering, Vizianagaram, AP, INDIA
3
Department of ECE, UCEK (A), JNTUK, Kakinada, AP, INDIA
ABSTRACT
A novel miniaturized circular fractal antenna is designed by inscribing circular slot on rectangular ground
plane and successively forming circular rings connected by semi-circles for circular-fractal patch. Novel
modified Coplanar Waveguide (CPW) is used as feed for fractal circular patch. The analysis of parametric
variations is performed by consecutive fractal iterations, varying the radius of inscribed circle of ground
plane, slots and different ground plane configurations. To further enhance gain and radiation pattern a
dual inverted L slots is included in ground plane. From the results it is evident that, the proposed fractal
antenna possesses triple bands at 1.8GHz, 3.5GHz and 5.5GHz. These bands are used in Digital
Communication Systems (DCS) (1.8GHz), IEEE 802.16d fixed WiMAX (3.5GHz) and IEEE 802.11a WLAN
(5.5GHz) applications.
KEYWORDS
Fractal Geometry, Circular fractal Antenna, WLAN/WiMAX, Coplanar feed, Slotted ground plane
1. INTRODUCTION
The wireless standards of WLAN/WiMAX low frequency applications, require miniaturized and
compact antennas. Low and medium fixed channel capacity point-to-point links uses the Digital
Communication System (DCS) or GSM1800 frequency band. In order to gratify the IEEE WLAN
standards in the 2.4 GHz and 5-6 GHz bands, a single antenna with multiple bands is needed. The
proposed IEEE 802.11a 5.5GHz standard handles higher throughput and data rate at 1Gbps
compared to 2.4GHz band where there is a huge traffic of data transmission. The IEEE 802.16d
fixed 3.5/5.8 GHz WiMAX standard available for diverse broadband high speed data
transmission [1]. The application of fractal geometry on antennas is one of the methods, which
provides multi frequency operating band capability.
Fractals are quantitatively curved shapes, which are self-similar, repeating themselves at various
scales [2]. Utilizing the fractal geometry in a patch antenna increases the length, or maximize the
perimeter (inner or the outer structure), of patch that can collect or broadcast electromagnetic
radiation within a total given surface area or volume [3]. The self-similarity and space-filling are
the main properties, as the fractal geometries are mathematically linked to its frequency
characteristics of the antenna [4]. The use of coplanar ground plane makes the new inscribed
circular triangular fractal design conformal and more suitable for the ultra wideband and
miniaturized applications [5]. Generally fractal designs are meant for their multi and wideband
operation and also these designs are optimized for UWB characteristics [6].
2. International Journal on Cybernetics & Informatics (IJCI) Vol. 5, No. 4, August 2016
2
Different techniques have been introduced to get desired and unwanted sub bands in UWB
domain. Most prominent examples are inserting a T-stub in the patch element or dual strips of
parasitic in nature beside the feed or by inserting quarter wave and half wave split ring resonators
or embedding H-slot in the patch. Another way is to embed the arc-shaped parasitic patch besides
the radiating element or inserting various slots in the feed [7]. A novel way of applying fractal
geometry approach to produce multi bands in an miniaturized fractal antenna due to space filling
and self similar properties, which in turn enhances the valuable electrically effective length to
minimize the area of the patch element [8-10].
In this paper, the design of a novel tri-band coplanar waveguide fed circular fractal antenna is
proposed for modern era of wireless communication applications..
2. ANTENNA GEOMETRY
The proposed fractal antenna geometry with designated dimensions is shown in Figure 1. The
proposed fractal antenna with substrate of FR4-epoxy (εr) =4.4 having dimensions 25 × 26 mm2
(L × W) with height (h) = 1.6mm. The rectangular ground plane is inscribed with a circle of
radius R1=10.7mm and radiating patch is constructed with circular rings R2=8mm, R3=6mm and
R4=4mm where each rings are 1mm wider and 1mm apart. All the rings are connected through a
radius of 1.1mm semi circles. The ground plane is modified with W5=5mm and a pair of inverted
L slots of 2×2 mm2
(L2×W2) with a W6=0.5mm is inserted. The coplanar ground plane is having a
strip of W3=1.9mm. The gap between patch feed and ground plane is W4=1mm.
Figure 1: The proposed circular fractal antenna
3. PARAMETRIC ANALYSIS
The fractal antenna is designed and simulated using ANSYS HFSS 14.0 software package. The
performance of the proposed circular fractal antenna is estimated using parametric studies of
different fractal iterations, radius R1 of ground plane, various ground plane structures and
different feed gap values of W4 and W5 are presented below.
3.1. EFFECT OF FRACTAL ITERATIONS
The self similar fractal iterations are performed as shown in Figure 2 (a)-(c) and their results are
observed with respect to S11, VSWR, Gain and Radiation Pattern.
3. International Journal on Cybernetics & Informatics (IJCI) Vol. 5, No. 4, August 2016
3
(a) Iteration 1 (b) Iteration 2 (c) Iteration 3
Figure 2: Successive Fractal Iterations
The corresponding results of fractal iterations of antenna are plotted in Figure 3-4 and tabulated in
Table 1. Among all, the third iteration is having better return loss, gain of 3.75dB VSWR lesser
than 1.5 and an offered bandwidth of 800MHz at 3.5GHz and 750MHz at 5.5GHz.
Figure 3: S11 versus frequency for all fractal iterations
Figure 4: VSWR for all the fractal iterations
Table 1: Results of circular fractal iterations
Sl.No
Resonant
Frequencies
(GHz)
Return Loss
(dB)
VSWR
Bandwidth
(MHz)
Gain (dB)
Iteration 1
1.8 -23.2 1.05
3.65
3.4 -14.5 1.5 550
4. International Journal on Cybernetics & Informatics (IJCI) Vol. 5, No. 4, August 2016
4
Sl.No
Resonant
Frequencies
(GHz)
Return Loss
(dB)
VSWR
Bandwidth
(MHz)
Gain (dB)
5.5 -19.2 1.1 600
Iteration 2
1.78 -23.5 1.1
3.723.4 -14 1.5 550
5.5 -24.2 1.1 600
Iteration 3
1.8 -32.5 1
3.753.5 -17 1.25 800
5.5 -29.2 1.05 750
3.2. EFFECT OF RADIUS R1 OF GROUND PLANE
The inscribed circle of radius R1 of ground plane is varied by keeping other patch elements
constant and their results are shown in Figure 5. The proposed dimension for inscribed circle of
ground plane R1=10.7mm.
Figure 5: S11 versus frequency for different values of R1
3.3. EFFECT OF DIFFERENT GROUND PLANE VARIATIONS
Three different configurations of ground planes are presented in Figure 6. Among all Ground
plane 3 with L slots is proposed and the corresponding return losses of -25dB at 1.8GHz, -15.6dB
at 3.5GHz and -47dB at 5.5GHz are shown in Figure 7.
(a) Ground plane 1 (b) Ground plane 2 (c) Ground plane 3
Figure 6: Three different configurations of ground planes
5. International Journal on Cybernetics & Informatics (IJCI) Vol. 5, No. 4, August 2016
5
Figure 7: Return loss observations for different ground planes
3.4. EFFECT OF W3, W4, W5
The effect of feed line width W3, gap between ground and feed of the patch (W4), and W5 is
observed for different values by keeping W1, W2 and W6 constant. From Figure 8 it is evident
that, for the proposed W4=1mm and W5=4mm the antenna resonates at 1.8GHz (GSM1800),
3.5GHz (IEEE 802.16d fixed WiMAX) and 5.5GHz (IEEE 802.11a WLAN). For W4=0.85mm
when W3=2.2mm the possesses 1.9GHz, 3.5GHz and 5.6GHz.
For W4=0.5mm and W5=5mm, the antenna resonates at 2GHz (Advanced Wireless Services i.e.
Mobile Satellite services), 3.7GHz and 5.8GHz (IEEE 802.16d WiMAX). For W4= 0.5mm
without L slot, the antenna resonates at 1.9GHz (DECT-Digital Enhanced Cordless
Telecommunications), 3.7GHz (IEEE 802.11y extended version of 802.11a), 5.725GHz (ISM
band). The above triple band proposals are quite good and they can cover multiple wireless
applications. From Figure 9 it is observed that, all the proposals are having VSWR<=1.5 as per
industry standard.
Figure 8: S11 versus Frequency observations for different gaps (W4)
Figure 9: VSWR observations for different gaps (W4)
6. International Journal on Cybernetics & Informatics (IJCI) Vol. 5, No. 4, August 2016
6
3.5. RADIATION CHARACTERISTICS
The far field radiation patterns of the proposed circular fractal at the resonant frequencies
(3.5GHz and 5.5GHz) are shown in Figure 10-11. The E and H-Plane patterns of the antenna at
resonant frequencies are shown below.
(a) (b)
Figure 10: Radiation patterns at 3.5GHz (a) E-Plane (b) H-Plane
(a) (b)
Figure 11: Radiation patterns at 5.5 GHz (a) E-Plane (b) H-Plane
Figure 10 shows that the E-plane pattern exhibits dual band and H-plane provides almost wide
band characteristics at 3.5GHz. Figure 11 shows that E-plane pattern possesses omni-directional
and H-plane provides wideband characteristics. The antenna has a gain of 3.7dBi at 3.5GHz and
4.5dBi at 5.5 GHz solution frequencies.
4. CONCLUSIONS
In this paper, a novel miniature triple-band fractal antenna is designed by successive self similar
circular rings are connected with semi circles and it is fed by CPW feed. The parametric studies
of fractal antenna with respect to number of iterations, different inscribed circle radius R1 in
ground plane, various ground plane structures and different gap widths between ground and feed
are performed and analyzed in this paper. The proposed circular fractal antenna has triple bands at
7. International Journal on Cybernetics & Informatics (IJCI) Vol. 5, No. 4, August 2016
7
Digital Cel1ular System (GSM1800), WiMAX (IEEE 802.16d at 3.5GHz) and WLAN (IEEE
802.11a at 5.5GHz). From the results it is evident that the proposed antenna offers a bandwidth of
800MHz, a peak gain of 3.5-4.5dBi and the antenna has good radiation characteristics.
REFERENCES
[1] Z. Abate, WiMAX RF systems engineering, Artech House Publishers, Boston, London, 2009.
[2] Raj Kumar, Dhananjay Magar, K. Kailas Sawant, “On the design of inscribed Triangle Circular
Fractal Antenna for UWB applications”, Elsevier International Journal of Electronics and
Communications (AEU), vol. 66, pp. 68–75, 2012.
[3] S. N. Khan, J. Hu, J. Xiong, and S. He, “Circular Fractal Monopole Antenna for Low VSWR UWB
Applications,” in Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, vol. 9, 19-25, 2008.
[4] Raj Kumar and Prem Narayan Chaubey, “On the Design of Tree-type Ultra wideband Fractal
Antenna for DS-CDMA Applications,” in Journal of Microwaves, Optoelectronics and
Electromagnetic Applications, vol. 11, No.1, June 2012
[5] Azari, A., “A new super wideband fractal microstrip antenna,"IEEE Transactions on Antennas
and Propagation, vol. 59, No. 5, 1724-1727, 2011.
[6] Werner, D. H. and S. Ganguly, "An overview of fractal antenna engineering research," IEEE
Antennas and Propagation Magazine, vol. 45, No. 1, 38-57, 2003.
[7] Aziz, R. S., M. A. S. Alkanhal, and A.-F. Sheta, “Multiband fractal-like antennas," Progress In
Electromagnetics Research B, vol. 29, 339-354, 2011.
[8] Ghatak, R., A. Karmakar, and D. R. Poddar, "A circular shaped Sierpinski carpet fractal UWB
monopole antenna with band rejection capability," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C,
vol. 24, 221-234, 2011.
[9] Levy, M., S. Bose, A. V. Dinh, and D. Sriram Kumar, "A novelistic fractal antenna for ultra wideband
(UWB) applications," Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, vol. 45, 369-393, 2012.
[10] Chen, K. R., C. Y. D. Sim, and J. S. Row, "A compact monopole antenna for super wideband
applications," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 10, 488-491, 2011.
AUTHORS
Mr. Naresh Kumar Darimireddy received B.Tech. in ECE from, NBKRIST, Sri
Venkateswara University, Tirupati, and M.E. (EC) in UVCE (A), Bangalore University,
Bangalore, M.B.A (General) from Pondicherry Central University and Pursuing Ph.D. in
JNTUK, Kakinada. He is having around 12 years of Teaching and Industry Experience.
He is a member IE and qualified UGC-NET June 2013 for Lectureship in Electronic
Science. His research interests include RF & Microwave Engineering and Signal
Processing.
Dr. R. Ramana Reddy did AMIE in ECE from The Institution of Engineers (India) in
2000, M.Tech (I&CS) from JNTU College of Engineering, Kakinada in 2002, MBA
(HRM & Marketing) from Andhra University in 2007 and PhD in Antennas in 2008 from
Andhra University. He is presently working as Professor & Head, Dept. of ECE in MVGR
College of Engineering, Vizianagaram. Coordinator, Center of Excellence – Embedded
Systems, Head, National Instruments Lab VIEW academy established in Department of
ECE, MVGR College of Engineering. Convener of several national level conferences and workshops.
Published about 70 technical papers in National/International Journals / Conferences. He is a member of
IETE, IEEE, ISTE, SEMCE (I), IE, and ISOI. His research interests include Phased Array Antennas,
Slotted Waveguide Junctions, EMI/EMC, VLSI and Embedded Systems.
Dr A. Mallikarjuna Prasad, Professor and HOD of ECE, UCEK (A), JNTUK,
Kakinada. He obtained his Ph.D from Andhra University. He is presently HOD,
Department of ECE, UCEK(A), JNTUK. He worked as Controller of Examinations in
JNTU-K. His research interests include Wireless Communications, Biomedical
Instrumentation and Microwave antennas.