In this paper, iterative square ring fractal antenna is proposed, designed and developed for Wireless
application. The functional characteristics of the antenna such as return loss, VSWR, radiation pattern and
gain are evaluated. Compact size and multi-band compatibility are the major design requirements of
fractal antenna. The proposed antenna has the dimension of 20mm X 20mm and it supports dual band
which is designed in FR4 substrate. It resonates at 5.9 GHz and 8.8 GHz with the return loss of -33dB, -
16dB, respectively. Further, the performance of the antenna is analyzed by varying feed position, feed
width and substrate thickness. By the analysis, we concluded that the proposed antenna have better
performance at left feed position with 0.9mm of feed width at the substrate thickness of 3.2mm.
PROXIMITY RING FED MULTIBAND PRINTED MONOPOLE FRACTAL ANTENNAjantjournal
Small antennas satisfying bandwidth requirements in wideband, broadband and multichannel communication systems are of wide interest among researchers. This paper investigates the resonant behaviour of proximity coupled circular fractal planar monopole against circular fractal planar monopole without proximity coupling. The antennas are fed using microstripline and coplanar waveguide technique. These antennas are designed and printed on low cost FR4 substrate ( height h=1.56mm and εr =4.3) of size 110 mm by 115 mm with circular patch radius of 40 mm. The planar fractal monopole shows multiband characteristics under different configurations of feed. The monopole can be used for various compact applications in 482 MHz to 4 GHz band.
PROXIMITY RING FED MULTIBAND PRINTED MONOPOLE FRACTAL ANTENNAjantjournal
Small antennas satisfying bandwidth requirements in wideband, broadband and multichannel communication systems are of wide interest among researchers. This paper investigates the resonant behaviour of proximity coupled circular fractal planar monopole against circular fractal planar monopole without proximity coupling. The antennas are fed using microstripline and coplanar waveguide technique. These antennas are designed and printed on low cost FR4 substrate ( height h=1.56mm and εr =4.3) of size 110 mm by 115 mm with circular patch radius of 40 mm. The planar fractal monopole shows multiband characteristics under different configurations of feed. The monopole can be used for various compact applications in 482 MHz to 4 GHz band.
PROXIMITY RING FED MULTIBAND PRINTED MONOPOLE FRACTAL ANTENNAjantjournal
Small antennas satisfying bandwidth requirements in wideband, broadband and multichannel communication systems are of wide interest among researchers. This paper investigates the resonant behaviour of proximity coupled circular fractal planar monopole against circular fractal planar monopole without proximity coupling. The antennas are fed using microstripline and coplanar waveguide technique. These antennas are designed and printed on low cost FR4 substrate ( height h=1.56mm and εr =4.3) of size 110 mm by 115 mm with circular patch radius of 40 mm. The planar fractal monopole shows multiband characteristics under different configurations of feed. The monopole can be used for various compact applications in 482 MHz to 4 GHz band.
PROXIMITY RING FED MULTIBAND PRINTED MONOPOLE FRACTAL ANTENNAjantjournal
Small antennas satisfying bandwidth requirements in wideband, broadband and multichannel
communication systems are of wide interest among researchers. This paper investigates the resonant
behaviour of proximity coupled circular fractal planar monopole against circular fractal planar monopole
without proximity coupling. The antennas are fed using microstripline and coplanar waveguide technique.
These antennas are designed and printed on low cost FR4 substrate ( height h=1.56mm and εr
=4.3) of size
110 mm by 115 mm with circular patch radius of 40 mm. The planar fractal monopole shows multiband
characteristics under different configurations of feed. The monopole can be used for various compact
applications in 482 MHz to 4 GHz band
PROXIMITY RING FED MULTIBAND PRINTED MONOPOLE FRACTAL ANTENNAjantjournal
Small antennas satisfying bandwidth requirements in wideband, broadband and multichannel communication systems are of wide interest among researchers. This paper investigates the resonant behaviour of proximity coupled circular fractal planar monopole against circular fractal planar monopole without proximity coupling. The antennas are fed using microstripline and coplanar waveguide technique. These antennas are designed and printed on low cost FR4 substrate ( height h=1.56mm and εr =4.3) of size 110 mm by 115 mm with circular patch radius of 40 mm. The planar fractal monopole shows multiband characteristics under different configurations of feed. The monopole can be used for various compact applications in 482 MHz to 4 GHz band.
PROXIMITY RING FED MULTIBAND PRINTED MONOPOLE FRACTAL ANTENNAjantjournal
Small antennas satisfying bandwidth requirements in wideband, broadband and multichannel communication systems are of wide interest among researchers. This paper investigates the resonant behaviour of proximity coupled circular fractal planar monopole against circular fractal planar monopole without proximity coupling. The antennas are fed using microstripline and coplanar waveguide technique. These antennas are designed and printed on low cost FR4 substrate ( height h=1.56mm and εr =4.3) of size 110 mm by 115 mm with circular patch radius of 40 mm. The planar fractal monopole shows multiband characteristics under different configurations of feed. The monopole can be used for various compact applications in 482 MHz to 4 GHz band.
PROXIMITY RING FED MULTIBAND PRINTED MONOPOLE FRACTAL ANTENNAjantjournal
Small antennas satisfying bandwidth requirements in wideband, broadband and multichannel communication systems are of wide interest among researchers. This paper investigates the resonant behaviour of proximity coupled circular fractal planar monopole against circular fractal planar monopole without proximity coupling. The antennas are fed using microstripline and coplanar waveguide technique. These antennas are designed and printed on low cost FR4 substrate ( height h=1.56mm and εr =4.3) of size 110 mm by 115 mm with circular patch radius of 40 mm. The planar fractal monopole shows multiband characteristics under different configurations of feed. The monopole can be used for various compact applications in 482 MHz to 4 GHz band.
PROXIMITY RING FED MULTIBAND PRINTED MONOPOLE FRACTAL ANTENNAjantjournal
Small antennas satisfying bandwidth requirements in wideband, broadband and multichannel communication systems are of wide interest among researchers. This paper investigates the resonant behaviour of proximity coupled circular fractal planar monopole against circular fractal planar monopole without proximity coupling. The antennas are fed using microstripline and coplanar waveguide technique. These antennas are designed and printed on low cost FR4 substrate ( height h=1.56mm and εr =4.3) of size 110 mm by 115 mm with circular patch radius of 40 mm. The planar fractal monopole shows multiband characteristics under different configurations of feed. The monopole can be used for various compact applications in 482 MHz to 4 GHz band.
PROXIMITY RING FED MULTIBAND PRINTED MONOPOLE FRACTAL ANTENNAjantjournal
Small antennas satisfying bandwidth requirements in wideband, broadband and multichannel communication systems are of wide interest among researchers. This paper investigates the resonant behaviour of proximity coupled circular fractal planar monopole against circular fractal planar monopole without proximity coupling. The antennas are fed using microstripline and coplanar waveguide technique. These antennas are designed and printed on low cost FR4 substrate ( height h=1.56mm and εr =4.3) of size 110 mm by 115 mm with circular patch radius of 40 mm. The planar fractal monopole shows multiband characteristics under different configurations of feed. The monopole can be used for various compact applications in 482 MHz to 4 GHz band.
PROXIMITY RING FED MULTIBAND PRINTED MONOPOLE FRACTAL ANTENNAjantjournal
Small antennas satisfying bandwidth requirements in wideband, broadband and multichannel communication systems are of wide interest among researchers. This paper investigates the resonant behaviour of proximity coupled circular fractal planar monopole against circular fractal planar monopole without proximity coupling. The antennas are fed using microstripline and coplanar waveguide technique. These antennas are designed and printed on low cost FR4 substrate ( height h=1.56mm and εr =4.3) of size 110 mm by 115 mm with circular patch radius of 40 mm. The planar fractal monopole shows multiband characteristics under different configurations of feed. The monopole can be used for various compact applications in 482 MHz to 4 GHz band.
PROXIMITY RING FED MULTIBAND PRINTED MONOPOLE FRACTAL ANTENNAjantjournal
Small antennas satisfying bandwidth requirements in wideband, broadband and multichannel communication systems are of wide interest among researchers. This paper investigates the resonant behaviour of proximity coupled circular fractal planar monopole against circular fractal planar monopole without proximity coupling. The antennas are fed using microstripline and coplanar waveguide technique. These antennas are designed and printed on low cost FR4 substrate ( height h=1.56mm and εr =4.3) of size 110 mm by 115 mm with circular patch radius of 40 mm. The planar fractal monopole shows multiband characteristics under different configurations of feed. The monopole can be used for various compact applications in 482 MHz to 4 GHz band.
PROXIMITY RING FED MULTIBAND PRINTED MONOPOLE FRACTAL ANTENNAjantjournal
Small antennas satisfying bandwidth requirements in wideband, broadband and multichannel
communication systems are of wide interest among researchers. This paper investigates the resonant
behaviour of proximity coupled circular fractal planar monopole against circular fractal planar monopole
without proximity coupling. The antennas are fed using microstripline and coplanar waveguide technique.
These antennas are designed and printed on low cost FR4 substrate ( height h=1.56mm and εr
=4.3) of size
110 mm by 115 mm with circular patch radius of 40 mm. The planar fractal monopole shows multiband
characteristics under different configurations of feed. The monopole can be used for various compact
applications in 482 MHz to 4 GHz band
PROXIMITY RING FED MULTIBAND PRINTED MONOPOLE FRACTAL ANTENNAjantjournal
Small antennas satisfying bandwidth requirements in wideband, broadband and multichannel communication systems are of wide interest among researchers. This paper investigates the resonant behaviour of proximity coupled circular fractal planar monopole against circular fractal planar monopole without proximity coupling. The antennas are fed using microstripline and coplanar waveguide technique. These antennas are designed and printed on low cost FR4 substrate ( height h=1.56mm and εr =4.3) of size 110 mm by 115 mm with circular patch radius of 40 mm. The planar fractal monopole shows multiband characteristics under different configurations of feed. The monopole can be used for various compact applications in 482 MHz to 4 GHz band.
PROXIMITY RING FED MULTIBAND PRINTED MONOPOLE FRACTAL ANTENNAjantjournal
Small antennas satisfying bandwidth requirements in wideband, broadband and multichannel communication systems are of wide interest among researchers. This paper investigates the resonant behaviour of proximity coupled circular fractal planar monopole against circular fractal planar monopole without proximity coupling. The antennas are fed using microstripline and coplanar waveguide technique. These antennas are designed and printed on low cost FR4 substrate ( height h=1.56mm and εr =4.3) of size 110 mm by 115 mm with circular patch radius of 40 mm. The planar fractal monopole shows multiband characteristics under different configurations of feed. The monopole can be used for various compact applications in 482 MHz to 4 GHz band.
PROXIMITY RING FED MULTIBAND PRINTED MONOPOLE FRACTAL ANTENNAjantjournal
Small antennas satisfying bandwidth requirements in wideband, broadband and multichannel communication systems are of wide interest among researchers. This paper investigates the resonant behaviour of proximity coupled circular fractal planar monopole against circular fractal planar monopole without proximity coupling. The antennas are fed using microstripline and coplanar waveguide technique. These antennas are designed and printed on low cost FR4 substrate ( height h=1.56mm and εr =4.3) of size 110 mm by 115 mm with circular patch radius of 40 mm. The planar fractal monopole shows multiband characteristics under different configurations of feed. The monopole can be used for various compact applications in 482 MHz to 4 GHz band.
PROXIMITY RING FED MULTIBAND PRINTED MONOPOLE FRACTAL ANTENNAjantjournal
Small antennas satisfying bandwidth requirements in wideband, broadband and multichannel communication systems are of wide interest among researchers. This paper investigates the resonant behaviour of proximity coupled circular fractal planar monopole against circular fractal planar monopole without proximity coupling. The antennas are fed using microstripline and coplanar waveguide technique. These antennas are designed and printed on low cost FR4 substrate ( height h=1.56mm and εr =4.3) of size 110 mm by 115 mm with circular patch radius of 40 mm. The planar fractal monopole shows multiband characteristics under different configurations of feed. The monopole can be used for various compact applications in 482 MHz to 4 GHz band.
PROXIMITY RING FED MULTIBAND PRINTED MONOPOLE FRACTAL ANTENNAjantjournal
Small antennas satisfying bandwidth requirements in wideband, broadband and multichannel communication systems are of wide interest among researchers. This paper investigates the resonant behaviour of proximity coupled circular fractal planar monopole against circular fractal planar monopole without proximity coupling. The antennas are fed using microstripline and coplanar waveguide technique. These antennas are designed and printed on low cost FR4 substrate ( height h=1.56mm and εr =4.3) of size 110 mm by 115 mm with circular patch radius of 40 mm. The planar fractal monopole shows multiband characteristics under different configurations of feed. The monopole can be used for various compact applications in 482 MHz to 4 GHz band.
PROXIMITY RING FED MULTIBAND PRINTED MONOPOLE FRACTAL ANTENNAjantjournal
Small antennas satisfying bandwidth requirements in wideband, broadband and multichannel communication systems are of wide interest among researchers. This paper investigates the resonant behaviour of proximity coupled circular fractal planar monopole against circular fractal planar monopole without proximity coupling. The antennas are fed using microstripline and coplanar waveguide technique. These antennas are designed and printed on low cost FR4 substrate ( height h=1.56mm and εr =4.3) of size 110 mm by 115 mm with circular patch radius of 40 mm. The planar fractal monopole shows multiband characteristics under different configurations of feed. The monopole can be used for various compact applications in 482 MHz to 4 GHz band.
PROXIMITY RING FED MULTIBAND PRINTED MONOPOLE FRACTAL ANTENNAjantjournal
Small antennas satisfying bandwidth requirements in wideband, broadband and multichannel communication systems are of wide interest among researchers. This paper investigates the resonant behaviour of proximity coupled circular fractal planar monopole against circular fractal planar monopole without proximity coupling. The antennas are fed using microstripline and coplanar waveguide technique. These antennas are designed and printed on low cost FR4 substrate ( height h=1.56mm and εr =4.3) of size 110 mm by 115 mm with circular patch radius of 40 mm. The planar fractal monopole shows multiband characteristics under different configurations of feed. The monopole can be used for various compact applications in 482 MHz to 4 GHz band.
PROXIMITY RING FED MULTIBAND PRINTED MONOPOLE FRACTAL ANTENNAjantjournal
Small antennas satisfying bandwidth requirements in wideband, broadband and multichannel communication systems are of wide interest among researchers. This paper investigates the resonant behaviour of proximity coupled circular fractal planar monopole against circular fractal planar monopole without proximity coupling. The antennas are fed using microstripline and coplanar waveguide technique. These antennas are designed and printed on low cost FR4 substrate ( height h=1.56mm and εr =4.3) of size 110 mm by 115 mm with circular patch radius of 40 mm. The planar fractal monopole shows multiband characteristics under different configurations of feed. The monopole can be used for various compact applications in 482 MHz to 4 GHz band.
DESIGN OF TRIPLE-BAND CPW FED CIRCULAR FRACTAL ANTENNA IJCI JOURNAL
A novel miniaturized circular fractal antenna is designed by inscribing circular slot on rectangular ground plane and successively forming circular rings connected by semi-circles for circular-fractal patch. Novel modified Coplanar Waveguide (CPW) is used as feed for fractal circular patch. The analysis of parametric variations is performed by consecutive fractal iterations, varying the radius of inscribed circle of ground plane, slots and different ground plane configurations. To further enhance gain and radiation pattern a dual inverted L slots is included in ground plane. From the results it is evident that, the proposed fractal antenna possesses triple bands at 1.8GHz, 3.5GHz and 5.5GHz. These bands are used in Digital Communication Systems (DCS) (1.8GHz), IEEE 802.16d fixed WiMAX (3.5GHz) and IEEE 802.11a WLAN (5.5GHz) applications.
Design of Tripl-Band CPW FED Circular Fractal Antenna ijcisjournal
A novel miniaturized circular fractal antenna is designed by inscribing circular slot on rectangular ground
plane and successively forming circular rings connected by semi-circles for circular-fractal patch. Novel
modified Coplanar Waveguide (CPW) is used as feed for fractal circular patch. The analysis of parametric
variations is performed by consecutive fractal iterations, varying the radius of inscribed circle of ground
plane, slots and different ground plane configurations. To further enhance gain and radiation pattern a
dual inverted L slots is included in ground plane. From the results it is evident that, the proposed fractal
antenna possesses triple bands at 1.8GHz, 3.5GHz and 5.5GHz. These bands are used in Digital
Communication Systems (DCS) (1.8GHz), IEEE 802.16d fixed WiMAX (3.5GHz) and IEEE 802.11a WLAN
(5.5GHz) applications.
Conical Shaped Monopole Antenna for Multiband Wireless Applicationsiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering(IOSR-JECE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electronics and communication engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electronics and communication engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
DESIGN & PARAMETRIC STUDY OF RECTANGULAR SLOT MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR UW...IJEEE
A Microstrip fed antenna which consists of a
rectangular patch with rectangular shaped slot incorporated
into patch is presented for ultra wide band application with
enhanced bandwidth. The proposed antenna achieves an
impedance bandwidth of 8.9GHz (2.3-11.2GHz) with
VSWR< 2 for over the entire bandwidth.
DESIGN OF PRINTED MONOPOLE ANTENNA FOR MICROWAVE COMMUNICATIONjmicro
A printed monopole in its planar and vertical configuration has been designed, fabricated and analyzed
for microwave applications on low cost FR4 substrate material of thickness, h = 1.56 mm and relative
permittivity, εr = 4.3. The designed planar monopole has been simulated and experimented to find its
frequency response with coplanar waveguide feed to exhibit dual band characteristics with -10 dB
reflection loss bandwidth of 45.078 % (i.e. 1.5:1 between 1.334 and 2.109 GHz) and 114.92 % (i.e. 3.7: 1
between 3.99 and 14.77 GHz). The vertical monopole using the same patch has also been simulated and
experimented and -10 dB reflection loss bandwidth of 173.67% (14.2:1 between 0.925 and 13.125 GHz)
has been obtained. The antenna finds many applications in microwave bands.
DESIGN OF PRINTED MONOPOLE ANTENNA FOR MICROWAVE COMMUNICATIONjmicro
A printed monopole in its planar and vertical configuration has been designed, fabricated and analyzed
for microwave applications on low cost FR4 substrate material of thickness, h = 1.56 mm and relative
permittivity, εr = 4.3. The designed planar monopole has been simulated and experimented to find its
frequency response with coplanar waveguide feed to exhibit dual band characteristics with -10 dB
reflection loss bandwidth of 45.078 % (i.e. 1.5:1 between 1.334 and 2.109 GHz) and 114.92 % (i.e. 3.7: 1
between 3.99 and 14.77 GHz). The vertical monopole using the same patch has also been simulated and
experimented and -10 dB reflection loss bandwidth of 173.67% (14.2:1 between 0.925 and 13.125 GHz)
has been obtained. The antenna finds many applications in microwave bands.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Design of octagon shape microstrip patch antenna for multiband applicationvishant choudhary
In this Research paper .Three antenna is shows which is In a zero slot Microstrip patch antenna three resonant frequency bands occur, In single slot Microstrip patch antenna five resonant bands occurs and In five slots Microstrip antenna six resonant frequency bands occurs. These antennas can be used at various application such as GSM and WLAN-IEEE-802.11(a, b, g and n). Therefore the proposed antennas have satisfactory performance for use as a multiband communication antenna.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Efficient Design of Sierpinski Fractal Antenna for High Frequency ApplicationsIJERA Editor
A wideband published slot antenna appropriate for wireless code division multiple access (WCDMA) and
sustaining the international interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) applications is planned here. The
antenna is fractal line fed and its construction is based on fractal geometry where the resonance frequency of
antenna is dropped by applying iteration methods. Fractal antennas are the most suited for aerospace and UWB
applications because of their low profile, light weight and low power handling capacity. They can be designed in
a variety of shapes in order to obtain enhanced gain and bandwidth, dual band and circular polarization to even
ultra-wideband operation. For the simulation process ANSOFT HFSS (high frequency structure simulator) has
been used. The effect of antenna dimensions and substrate parameters on the performance of antenna have been
discussed. The antenna has been designed using the Arlon substrate with relative permittivity of 1.3 and a
substrate of Sierpinski Carpet shaped placed on it. Feed used is the fractal line feed. The designed antenna is a
low profile, small size and multiband antenna since it can be operated at different frequencies within the
frequency range of 4.3GHz to 11GHz. It includes the frequencies used for wireless WCDMA application and
used to receive and transmit a high-frequency signal.
A Novel Geometry of Multiband Planar Antenna for Wireless Applicationsijtsrd
The compact multiband antenna is of practical interest for the fast growing modern communication industry. In this regard radiation performance of modified rectangular multiband antenna, designed on FR 4 substrate is proposed in this paper. The geometry is operating at three different frequencies in the considered range of 4 6 GHz and offers excellent matching with the feedline for each resonant frequency. Parul Pathak | P. K. Singhal "A Novel Geometry of Multiband Planar Antenna for Wireless Applications" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29797.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/29797/a-novel-geometry-of-multiband-planar-antenna-for-wireless-applications/parul-pathak
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
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Small antennas satisfying bandwidth requirements in wideband, broadband and multichannel communication systems are of wide interest among researchers. This paper investigates the resonant behaviour of proximity coupled circular fractal planar monopole against circular fractal planar monopole without proximity coupling. The antennas are fed using microstripline and coplanar waveguide technique. These antennas are designed and printed on low cost FR4 substrate ( height h=1.56mm and εr =4.3) of size 110 mm by 115 mm with circular patch radius of 40 mm. The planar fractal monopole shows multiband characteristics under different configurations of feed. The monopole can be used for various compact applications in 482 MHz to 4 GHz band.
PROXIMITY RING FED MULTIBAND PRINTED MONOPOLE FRACTAL ANTENNAjantjournal
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PROXIMITY RING FED MULTIBAND PRINTED MONOPOLE FRACTAL ANTENNAjantjournal
Small antennas satisfying bandwidth requirements in wideband, broadband and multichannel communication systems are of wide interest among researchers. This paper investigates the resonant behaviour of proximity coupled circular fractal planar monopole against circular fractal planar monopole without proximity coupling. The antennas are fed using microstripline and coplanar waveguide technique. These antennas are designed and printed on low cost FR4 substrate ( height h=1.56mm and εr =4.3) of size 110 mm by 115 mm with circular patch radius of 40 mm. The planar fractal monopole shows multiband characteristics under different configurations of feed. The monopole can be used for various compact applications in 482 MHz to 4 GHz band.
PROXIMITY RING FED MULTIBAND PRINTED MONOPOLE FRACTAL ANTENNAjantjournal
Small antennas satisfying bandwidth requirements in wideband, broadband and multichannel communication systems are of wide interest among researchers. This paper investigates the resonant behaviour of proximity coupled circular fractal planar monopole against circular fractal planar monopole without proximity coupling. The antennas are fed using microstripline and coplanar waveguide technique. These antennas are designed and printed on low cost FR4 substrate ( height h=1.56mm and εr =4.3) of size 110 mm by 115 mm with circular patch radius of 40 mm. The planar fractal monopole shows multiband characteristics under different configurations of feed. The monopole can be used for various compact applications in 482 MHz to 4 GHz band.
DESIGN OF TRIPLE-BAND CPW FED CIRCULAR FRACTAL ANTENNA IJCI JOURNAL
A novel miniaturized circular fractal antenna is designed by inscribing circular slot on rectangular ground plane and successively forming circular rings connected by semi-circles for circular-fractal patch. Novel modified Coplanar Waveguide (CPW) is used as feed for fractal circular patch. The analysis of parametric variations is performed by consecutive fractal iterations, varying the radius of inscribed circle of ground plane, slots and different ground plane configurations. To further enhance gain and radiation pattern a dual inverted L slots is included in ground plane. From the results it is evident that, the proposed fractal antenna possesses triple bands at 1.8GHz, 3.5GHz and 5.5GHz. These bands are used in Digital Communication Systems (DCS) (1.8GHz), IEEE 802.16d fixed WiMAX (3.5GHz) and IEEE 802.11a WLAN (5.5GHz) applications.
Design of Tripl-Band CPW FED Circular Fractal Antenna ijcisjournal
A novel miniaturized circular fractal antenna is designed by inscribing circular slot on rectangular ground
plane and successively forming circular rings connected by semi-circles for circular-fractal patch. Novel
modified Coplanar Waveguide (CPW) is used as feed for fractal circular patch. The analysis of parametric
variations is performed by consecutive fractal iterations, varying the radius of inscribed circle of ground
plane, slots and different ground plane configurations. To further enhance gain and radiation pattern a
dual inverted L slots is included in ground plane. From the results it is evident that, the proposed fractal
antenna possesses triple bands at 1.8GHz, 3.5GHz and 5.5GHz. These bands are used in Digital
Communication Systems (DCS) (1.8GHz), IEEE 802.16d fixed WiMAX (3.5GHz) and IEEE 802.11a WLAN
(5.5GHz) applications.
Conical Shaped Monopole Antenna for Multiband Wireless Applicationsiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering(IOSR-JECE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electronics and communication engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electronics and communication engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
DESIGN & PARAMETRIC STUDY OF RECTANGULAR SLOT MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR UW...IJEEE
A Microstrip fed antenna which consists of a
rectangular patch with rectangular shaped slot incorporated
into patch is presented for ultra wide band application with
enhanced bandwidth. The proposed antenna achieves an
impedance bandwidth of 8.9GHz (2.3-11.2GHz) with
VSWR< 2 for over the entire bandwidth.
DESIGN OF PRINTED MONOPOLE ANTENNA FOR MICROWAVE COMMUNICATIONjmicro
A printed monopole in its planar and vertical configuration has been designed, fabricated and analyzed
for microwave applications on low cost FR4 substrate material of thickness, h = 1.56 mm and relative
permittivity, εr = 4.3. The designed planar monopole has been simulated and experimented to find its
frequency response with coplanar waveguide feed to exhibit dual band characteristics with -10 dB
reflection loss bandwidth of 45.078 % (i.e. 1.5:1 between 1.334 and 2.109 GHz) and 114.92 % (i.e. 3.7: 1
between 3.99 and 14.77 GHz). The vertical monopole using the same patch has also been simulated and
experimented and -10 dB reflection loss bandwidth of 173.67% (14.2:1 between 0.925 and 13.125 GHz)
has been obtained. The antenna finds many applications in microwave bands.
DESIGN OF PRINTED MONOPOLE ANTENNA FOR MICROWAVE COMMUNICATIONjmicro
A printed monopole in its planar and vertical configuration has been designed, fabricated and analyzed
for microwave applications on low cost FR4 substrate material of thickness, h = 1.56 mm and relative
permittivity, εr = 4.3. The designed planar monopole has been simulated and experimented to find its
frequency response with coplanar waveguide feed to exhibit dual band characteristics with -10 dB
reflection loss bandwidth of 45.078 % (i.e. 1.5:1 between 1.334 and 2.109 GHz) and 114.92 % (i.e. 3.7: 1
between 3.99 and 14.77 GHz). The vertical monopole using the same patch has also been simulated and
experimented and -10 dB reflection loss bandwidth of 173.67% (14.2:1 between 0.925 and 13.125 GHz)
has been obtained. The antenna finds many applications in microwave bands.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Design of octagon shape microstrip patch antenna for multiband applicationvishant choudhary
In this Research paper .Three antenna is shows which is In a zero slot Microstrip patch antenna three resonant frequency bands occur, In single slot Microstrip patch antenna five resonant bands occurs and In five slots Microstrip antenna six resonant frequency bands occurs. These antennas can be used at various application such as GSM and WLAN-IEEE-802.11(a, b, g and n). Therefore the proposed antennas have satisfactory performance for use as a multiband communication antenna.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
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DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF ITERATIVE SQUARE RING FRACTAL ANTENNA FOR DUAL BAND APPLICATIONS
1. International Journal Of Microwave Engineering (JMICRO) Vol.1, No.4, October 2016
DOI:10.5121/Jmicro.2016.1402 13
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF ITERATIVE
SQUARE RING FRACTAL ANTENNA FOR DUAL
BAND APPLICATIONS
Gulfa Rani1
and Robinson S2
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Mount Zion College of Engineering and technology, Pudukkottai, India - 622507
ABSTRACT
In this paper, iterative square ring fractal antenna is proposed, designed and developed for Wireless
application. The functional characteristics of the antenna such as return loss, VSWR, radiation pattern and
gain are evaluated. Compact size and multi-band compatibility are the major design requirements of
fractal antenna. The proposed antenna has the dimension of 20mm X 20mm and it supports dual band
which is designed in FR4 substrate. It resonates at 5.9 GHz and 8.8 GHz with the return loss of -33dB, -
16dB, respectively. Further, the performance of the antenna is analyzed by varying feed position, feed
width and substrate thickness. By the analysis, we concluded that the proposed antenna have better
performance at left feed position with 0.9mm of feed width at the substrate thickness of 3.2mm.
KEYWORDS
WLAN, Fractal, Square Ring, X Band, FR4, Antenna.
1. INTRODUCTION
Rapid growth in wireless communication demands extremely compact antenna with wider
bandwidth [1], high data rate, low power requirements and easy hardware configuration [2]. The
swift deployment of short distance wireless communications such as Wireless Local Area
Networks (WLANs) is demanding for compact, low cost, multiband and broadband antenna [3].
There are several types of antenna like microstrip patch antenna, reflector antenna, aperture
antenna, travelling wave antenna, vertical antenna that support wireless applications with
acceptable loss [4, 5]. However, the miniaturization and multiband support of fractal antenna
makes it more appropriate for implementation.
Typically, the fractal concept was originally developed by Benoit Mandelbrot. The word fractal
was derived from a Latin word “Fractus” [6]. The key aspect of fractal is the repetition of a motif
over two or more scale sizes or iterations. [7]. There are many naturally available fractal
structures like plants, leaves, alp ranges etc [8]. There are two prime properties for fractal such as
Space filling and Self similarity. A space-filling tree is defined by an iterative process whereby a
single point in a continuous space is connected via a continuous path to every other point in the
space by a path of finite length, and for every point in the space, there is at least one path
that converges to it. Self-similarity is a typical property of fractals. Scale invariance is an exact
form of self-similarity where at any magnification there is a smaller piece of the object that
is similar to the whole [9].
The multiband and ultra wide band properties are supported by fractal antenna because of its self
similarity property [10]. Then the implementation of complex space filling fractal geometry
2. International Journal Of Microwave Engineering (JMICRO) Vol.1, No.4, October 2016
14
resonates at comparably lower frequencies than any other antennas of similar size [11]. These two
properties made the fractal antenna more compact and suitable for wideband and multi- band
behavior. The self similarity property of the fractal enhances the performance of the antenna only
up to a certain extent.
Many researchers have attempted fractal antenna with different shapes like inner tapered tree-
shape [12], poly fractal boundary [13], Octagonal fractal [14], SRR-Based Polygon Ring [15],
simple multiband patch antenna [16], and Circularly Polarized Asymmetrical Fractal [17].
Considering the hardware complexity incase of compactness and denial of multiband behavior
[18] in other antennas, the proposed fractal antenna is miniaturized and supports dual band
applications.
In this paper, iterative square ring shaped fractal antenna is proposed, designed and developed for
WLAN and X band applications that are centered at 5.9 GHz and 8.8 GHz, respectively. The
functional parameters of the proposed antenna such as resonant frequency, return loss, radiation
pattern, VSWR are analyzed through simulation. Then the proposed antenna is developed and its
measured results are compared with simulated one. Further, the variation in return loss while
varying the substrate thickness, feed position and feed width are investigated through simulation.
The remaining part of the paper is organized as follows; the design of the iterative square ring
shaped antenna is presented in Section II. In Section III the simulated and measured results are
discussed. The impact of return loss while varying the frequency for different substrate thickness,
feed width and feed position are described in Section IV. Finally Section V concludes the paper.
2. ANTENNA DESIGN
Fig. 1 shows the proposed fractal antenna. It is composed of microstrip fed monopole printed on a
FR4 epoxy substrate with compact size of 20mm X 20mm, thickness of 3.2mm, relative
permittivity of r
= 4.4 and loss tangent of 0.02 is proposed.
The proposed antenna basically have rectangular copper patch with two different sizes of square
ring shaped slots. The slot sizes are not decreased further due to fabrication limitations. FR4
substrate is chosen for the design as it is easily available and has good fabrication characteristics
comparing with other substrate materials. Microstrip feeding technique with the characteristic
impedance of 50Ω is used in the proposed antenna. The dimension details of the proposed
antenna are listed in Table 1.
Table 1: Details of the Proposed Antenna with its value
Particulars Size (mm)
Dimension of substrate
E
20 X 20
Thickness of substrate 3.2
Outer ring dimension 15 X 15
Inner ring dimension 4 X 4
Side outer ring dimensions 4.5 X 4.5
Side inner ring dimensions 1.5 X 1.5
Width of the feed 0.9
3. International Journal Of Microwave Engineering (JMICRO) Vol.1, No.4, October 2016
15
Fig. 1 Proposed iterative square ring fractal antenna
The fabricated prototype of the proposed antenna compared with the size of the coin is shown in
Fig. 2. From the Fig. 2, it is seen that the size of the developed antenna is very small than the
reported one. However, the performance of the antenna is better which is discussed in the next
session.
Fig. 2 Fabricated prototype of the proposed antenna
3. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
All the simulated data of the proposed antenna have been obtained by means of an
electromagnetic simulator on the Finite Element Method [FEM] [19]. Parameters such as S
parameters, resonant frequency and fields can be simulated using the simulator. Frequency
domain analysis is selected while simulating the model. Return loss is one of the vital parameter
that defines the performance of the antenna. The return loss is the measure of how much power is
reflected back to the antenna due to mismatch. From the Fig. 3, it is noticed that the return loss
and resonant frequency of the proposed antenna is about -33.0636dB, -16.3700dB at 5.9GHz,
8.8GHz, respectively. The 10dB bandwidth of the proposed antenna at 5.9 GHz and 8.8 GHz is
542 MHz and 540 MHz respectively. The return loss of the antenna can be theoretically
calculated by,
4. International Journal Of Microwave Engineering (JMICRO) Vol.1, No.4, October 2016
16
Return Loss (dB)
20log
----- (1)
= Reflection Coefficient
Fig. 3 Simulated return loss response of the proposed antenna
The comparison of simulated and measured return loss is shown in Fig. 3. From this result it is
noticed that there is a trivial change in the measured return loss. This discrepancy between
measured and simulated one might be due to effect of soldering the sub miniature version (SMA)
connector or fabrication tolerance and material tolerance of the substrate.
Fig.4 Comparison graph of simulated and measured return loss of the proposed antenna
The impact of VSWR with respect to the frequency is shown in Fig. 5. The attained value
of VSWR is 1.0424, 1.3582 at 5.9GHz, 8.8GHz, respectively. Generally, VSWR is obtained by,
1
1
VSWR
---------(2)
5. International Journal Of Microwave Engineering (JMICRO) Vol.1, No.4, October 2016
17
= Reflection Coefficient
Fig. 5 Simulated VSWR response of proposed antenna
A radiation pattern defines the variation of the power radiated by an antenna as a function of the
direction away from the antenna. The far field radiation pattern of the proposed antenna at
5.9GHz, 90o
and 8.8GHz, 90o
are shown in Figs. 6 (a) and 6 (b), respectively. The radiation
pattern clearly proves that the proposed antenna is directional.
(a) (b)
Fig. 6 Radiation pattern of the proposed antenna at (a) 5.9 GHz and (b) 8.8 GHz
(a)
(b)
Fig. 7 The simulated 3D-total gain pattern of the proposed antenna at (a) 5.9 GHz and
(b) 8.8 GHz
6. International Journal Of Microwave Engineering (JMICRO) Vol.1, No.4, October 2016
18
Apart from the analysis of return loss and VSWR, the performance of the antenna is also
analyzed in terms of antenna gain and current distribution as depicted in Fig. 7 and Fig. 8,
respectively. The gain of the proposed antenna is 2.87 dB at 5.9GHz and 2.6dB at 8.8GHz
which is shown in Figs 7(a) and 7(b), respectively. Usually the gain the antenna should be
positive and it could be upto 70dB. In Fig. 8 the red color shows the maximum current
distribution and the blue color indicates the minimum color distribution. It clearly states that the
current distribution is good near the slots.
(a) (b)
Fig. 8 The simulated current distribution pattern of the proposed antenna (a) 5.9 GHz and (b) 8.8 GHz
The obtained functional parameters of the proposed antenna such as return loss, VSWR, resonant
frequency, radiation pattern and 10dB bandwidth are meeting the requirements for WLAN and X
band applications. Hence it could be realized for real time applications.
4. PARAMETRIC ANALYSIS
In this section, the impact of return loss while varying the frequency for different substrate
thickness, feed position and feed width are presented. In FR4, three different substrate
thicknesses are currently available i.e., 0.8mm, 1.6mm and 3.2 mm. The substrate thickness is
selected based on the desired applications. The substrate thickness of 3.2mm is chosen because
the proposed antenna performs well at the considered application frequency rather than other
substrate thicknesses. The impact of return loss at different substrate thickness is shown in Fig. 9,
which clearly denoted that at the substrate thickness of 3.2 mm antenna performs better than
other sizes. The return loss, resonant frequency for different substrate thickness is tabulated in
Table. 2
Table 2 Resonant Frequency, Return Loss for different Substrate Thickness.
Substrate
Thickness (mm)
Resonant
Frequency (GHz)
Return Loss
(dB)
0.8
5.9
8.8
-4.06203
-4.29039
1.6
5.9
8.8
-7.37194
-6.45922
3.2
5.9
8.8
-33.6536
-16.3700
7. International Journal Of Microwave Engineering (JMICRO) Vol.1, No.4, October 2016
19
Fig. 9 Return loss Vs Resonant frequency for different values of Substrate Thickness
Fig. 10 Return loss Vs Resonant frequency for different values of Feed Position
Fig. 10 shows the change in return loss by varying the feed position. It is noticed that, the return
loss is high at right and centre feed position. However, the return loss is reached about -33dB
when the feed is placed at left position. Hence, the feed is considered from the left side. The
functional parameters of a proposed antenna at different feed position are listed in Table 3.
Table 3 Resonant Frequency, Return Loss for different Feed Position.
Feed Position
Resonant
Frequency(GHz)
Return
Loss (dB)
Left
5.9
8.8
-33.6536
-16.3700
Centre
5.9
8.8
-5.5675
-11.3475
Right
5.9
8.8
-15.5419
-9.2094
Finally, in order to optimize the width of the feed, the simulation is carried out by having
different size of feed width. In this case, the feed position and substrate thickness is considered
as left feed position and 3.2mm, respectively. The variation in return loss while varying the feed
width is reported in Fig. 11. The return loss, VSWR, resonant frequency for different feed width
is tabulated in Table. 4
8. International Journal Of Microwave Engineering (JMICRO) Vol.1, No.4, October 2016
20
Fig. 11 Return loss Vs Resonant frequency for different values of Feed Width
Table 4 Resonant Frequency, Return Loss for different Feed Width.
Feed
Width (mm)
Resonant
Frequency (GHz)
Return Loss
(dB)
0.8
5.9
8.8
-22.8385
-18.8328
0.9
5.9
8.8
-33.6536
-16.3700
1
5.9
8.8
-17.3432
-14.9625
From the aforementioned simulations, it is investigated that the proposed iterative square ring
fractal antenna has performed better at the substrate thickness of 3.2mm, left feed position and
feed width of 0.9mm. Hence, the above reported values are employed in the proposed antenna.
5. CONCLUSION
In this paper, a fractal antenna is proposed, designed and developed for WLAN and X band
applications. The performance parameters of the antenna namely, resonant frequency, VSWR,
return loss and 10dB bandwidth is analyzed. From the simulation, -33.0636dB, -16.3700dB of
return loss and 1.0424, 1.3582 of VSWR is obtained at 5.9GHz, 8.8GHz. The size of the antenna
is compact about 20mm x 20mm. Further, the feed position, feed width and substrate thickness is
optimized through simulation. The present work is fulfilling the primary requirements of WLAN
as well as X band applications; therefore, the proposed antenna can be incorporated for real time
application of wireless devices.
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