GEOGRAPHY YEAR 9 - DESERTS
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A desert is defined as a barren area that receives little precipitation, making living conditions difficult for organisms. About one-third of the Earth's land is arid or semi-arid, including polar regions called "cold deserts". Deserts can be classified by factors like precipitation, temperature, causes of desertification, and location. Plants and animals in deserts have adaptations like small leaves, spines, staying underground or dormant to survive the harsh environment. The Atacama Desert in Chile is one of the driest places on Earth, with some weather stations never receiving rain.
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Here is another creative presentation by your slide maker on the topic "TROPICAL DESERT". Hope you like it. If you like it then please *like*, *Download* and *Share*.
By- Slide_maker4u (Abhishek Sharma) *****For presentation Orders, contact me on the Email addresses Written below********
Email- Sharmaabhishek576@gmail.com
or
Sharmacomputers87@gmail.com
*******THANK YOU***************
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this slide heps you to know about the origion, Culture, Organisms and others of Thar desert and tharparkar(Sindh).
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Deserts are dry ecosystems that receive little rainfall and have high temperatures. Plants and animals in deserts have adaptations to survive the harsh conditions like storing water, having waxy coatings, burrowing, and being nocturnal. However, human activities like development, water usage, off-roading, mining, overgrazing, and dumping are negatively impacting desert ecosystems by destroying habitat and reducing populations of native species. Conservation efforts are needed to protect these fragile environments.
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Here is another creative presentation by your slide maker on the topic "TROPICAL DESERT". Hope you like it. If you like it then please *like*, *Download* and *Share*.
By- Slide_maker4u (Abhishek Sharma) *****For presentation Orders, contact me on the Email addresses Written below********
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Air Masses
There are several major air masses that influence weather patterns:
1) Continental Arctic (cA) air masses are very cold and dry, originating north of the Arctic Circle.
2) Continental polar (cP) air masses are cold and dry, originating in northern Canada and influencing northern US weather.
3) Maritime polar (mP) air masses are cool and moist, originating over the North Atlantic and Pacific and influencing the Pacific Northwest and Northeast.
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this slide heps you to know about the origion, Culture, Organisms and others of Thar desert and tharparkar(Sindh).
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Deserts are dry ecosystems that receive little rainfall and have high temperatures. Plants and animals in deserts have adaptations to survive the harsh conditions like storing water, having waxy coatings, burrowing, and being nocturnal. However, human activities like development, water usage, off-roading, mining, overgrazing, and dumping are negatively impacting desert ecosystems by destroying habitat and reducing populations of native species. Conservation efforts are needed to protect these fragile environments.
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3. Many biomes are threatened by human activities such as deforestation, pollution, and climate change. Conservation efforts aim to protect biodiversity and restore degraded ecosystems.
Desert
This document provides information about deserts and some animals that live in Australian deserts. It begins by defining a desert and describing characteristics of hot deserts such as large daily temperature variations. It then discusses several animals that have adapted to the harsh desert environment including the bilby, perentie lizard, thorny devil, bearded dragon, red kangaroo, camels, and dingoes. Many of these animals shelter underground or are nocturnal to avoid the heat, and have efficient water conservation techniques.
Desert ecosystem by manshi
desert ecosystem
Deserts and semi arid lands are extremely specialised and sensitive ecosystems that are easily destroyed by human activities. The plants and animals that inhabit these dry areas can live only in this ecosystem.
Desert ecosystem, is usually believed to be barren, but this fragile ecosystem supports numerous amazing living creatures, known for their adaptability.
Deserts alone covers about seventh of the land surface. We normally call deserts as “sand seas or oceans of sands”. Most of the major desert areas like as the Sahara, the Arabian, the Kalahari, and the Deserts of Australia all lie between 10 and 30 degrees north or south of the equator. Deserts are dry ecosystems comprising a substantial part of the globe
English p.p.t on desert
The document discusses various aspects of deserts around the world. It describes that deserts are typically located between 5-30 degrees latitude on either side of the equator, and are often found on the western margins of continents. It provides details about the Thar Desert located in India and the climate and lifestyle of people in the Rajasthan region. It also summarizes information about the five largest deserts in the world - Antarctica, Arctic, Sahara, Arabian and Gobi deserts, including their location, size, climate, vegetation and wildlife. Furthermore, it describes some unique plant species found in North American deserts - the Creosote bush, Barrel cactus and Elephant tree.
Deserts
Deserts are dry, hot places that receive very little rainfall. They are characterized by large amounts of sand and rocky cliffs, and have few plants. Desert animals and plants have adapted to the harsh environment by storing water in their bodies, burrowing underground to stay cool, and having root systems that allow for quick access to water or reaching deeper water sources. Common desert plants include various cacti like hedgehog, barrel, and saguaro cacti as well as sage brush and prickly pear. Deserts can be found on every continent and cover about 1/8 of the Earth's land surface.
Desert ecosystem
This document summarizes key aspects of desert ecosystems. It describes deserts as regions that receive less than 250mm of annual precipitation and experience large fluctuations in day and night temperatures. The four main types of deserts - hot, semi-arid, coastal, and cool - are outlined based on their temperature and precipitation patterns. Adaptations that allow plants and animals to survive the arid conditions, such as thickened stems and burrowing, are also summarized. Finally, the document provides an example of the Imperial Valley, which has been transformed from desert land into a productive farming region through irrigation.
Desert
Deserts cover over one-fifth of the Earth's land surface and can be found on every continent. They receive less than 10 inches of precipitation annually. Despite scarce rainfall, deserts are home to many resilient plant and animal species that have adapted to the harsh, dry conditions. There are four main types of deserts defined by their climate patterns: subtropical, coastal, cold winter, and polar. The largest deserts are the Antarctic and Arctic Deserts, which span over 12 million square kilometers near the north and south poles respectively.
Desert animals
The document discusses adaptations that allow desert animals to survive in harsh desert conditions with little water. It provides examples of several desert animals, including camels that can go without water for days, nocturnal animals that are active at night to avoid the heat, and kangaroo rats that can convert seeds into water. Desert animals have specialized adaptations that allow them to tolerate high temperatures and find or conserve water, such as storing fat in humps or obtaining moisture from food.
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07. DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: NAZI REGIME - REICHSTAG FIRE SOURCES
07. DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: NAZI REGIME - REICHSTAG FIRE
On February 27, 1933, the German parliament (Reichstag) building burned down. The Nazi leadership and its coalition partners used the fire to claim that Communists were planning a violent uprising. They claimed that emergency legislation was needed to prevent this. The resulting act, commonly known as the Reichstag Fire Decree, abolished a number of constitutional protections and paved the way for Nazi dictatorship.
05. DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: NAZI REGIME - HITLER CONSOLIDATING POWER 1933-34.PPTX
05. DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: NAZI REGIME - HITLER CONSOLIDATING POWER 1933-34.PPTX
Following Hitler’s appointment as chancellor the Nazis were finally in a position of power.
However, this power was limited, as the Nazis were just one party in a three party coalition government, under President Hindenburg.
This topic will explore how the Nazis managed to eliminate their opposition and consolidate ultimate power over Germany, whilst maintaining an illusion of democracy.
It will first explore this topic in chronological order, from the Reichstag Fire through to the death of President Hindenburg, and then explore it thematically in the last section. On the 31 January 1933, Hitler, conscious of his lack of a majority in the Reichstag, immediately called for new elections to try and strengthen his position. The Nazis aimed to increase their share of the vote so that they would have a majority in the Reichstag. This would allow them to rule unopposed and unhindered by coalition governments.
Over the next two months, they launched themselves into an intense election campaign.
On 27 February 1933, as the campaign moved into its final, frantic days, the Reichstag, the German Parliament building, was set on fire and burnt down. An atmosphere of panic and terror followed the event.
This continued when a young Dutch communist, Van der Lubbe was arrested for the crime.
The Nazi Party used the atmosphere of panic to their advantage, encouraging anti-communism. Göring declared that the communists had planned a national uprising to overthrow the Weimar Republic. This hysteria helped to turn the public against the communists, one of the Nazis main opponents, and 4000 people were imprisoned.
The day after the fire, Hindenburg signed the Emergency Decree for the Protection of the German People. On the 28 February 1933, President Hindenburg signed the Emergency Decree for the Protection of the German People. This decree suspended the democratic aspects of the Weimar Republic and declared a state of emergency.
This decree gave the Nazis a legal basis for the persecution and oppression of any opponents, who were be framed as traitors to the republic. People could be imprisoned for any or no reason.
The decree also removed basic personal freedoms, such as the freedom of speech, the right to own property, and the right to trial before imprisonment.
Through these aspects the Nazis suppressed any opposition to their power, and were able to start the road from democracy to a dictatorship. The atmosphere of uncertainty following the Reichstag Fire secured many voters for the Nazi party.
The SA also ran a violent campaign of terror against any and all opponents of the Nazi regime. Many were terrified of voting of at all, and many turned to voting for the Nazi Party out of fear for their own safety. The elections were neither free or fair.
On the 5 March 1933, the elections took place, with an extremely high turnout of 89%.
The Nazis secured 43.9% of the vote.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: NAZI REGIME - 04. HITLER BECOMING CHANCELLOR 1933
Hitler was not immediately appointed chancellor after the success of the July 1932 elections, despite being leader of the largest party in the Reichstag. It took the economic and political instability (with two more chancellors failing to stabilise the situation) to worsen, and the support of the conservative elite, to convince Hindenburg to appoint Hitler.
Hitler was sworn in as the chancellor of Germany on the 30 January 1933. The Nazis were now in power.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: NAZI REGIME - 03. NAZI'S LITTLE SUCCESS
The document discusses the early success of the Nazi party in Germany. It notes that while the party made progress in organization and membership in its early years after 1919, it had little impact in elections initially. The Nazis received only 6.5% of the vote in their first national election in 1924. Later elections in 1928 saw their support decline further to just 2.6% as the German economy and political situation stabilized under Stresemann. While the Nazis appealed to specific groups frustrated with the Weimar Republic, they remained a small party with less than 30,000 members by 1925.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: NAZI REGIME - 02. NAZI PARTY IDEOLOGY IN 1920
The document provides background information on the origins and early development of the Nazi party in Germany during the 1920s. It describes how the party began as the German Workers' Party led by Anton Drexler before Hitler joined in 1919 and became the leader in 1921. It also outlines some of the key aspects of the Nazi party platform outlined in the 25-point program, including nationalism, anti-Semitism, and a desire for more territory. Finally, it discusses Hitler's failed Munich Putsch coup attempt in 1923 and how he wrote Mein Kampf while in prison.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: NAZI REGIME - 01. FASCISM
1) Post-war instability and economic crisis weakened established political systems in countries like Germany and Italy. 2) A sense of nationalism was used by fascist leaders to promote unity and scapegoat others for the nation's problems. 3) Charismatic leaders like Hitler and Mussolini were able to gain followers by promoting fascism as an alternative to communism and liberal democracy.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 10. THE FALL OF WEIMAR 1930-1933
The document provides background information on the rise of the Nazi party in Germany between 1930-1933. It discusses how Germany's economic dependence on American loans led to the collapse of German industry following the 1929 Wall Street crash. This caused widespread unemployment, with over 6 million people jobless by 1932. As economic conditions deteriorated, support grew for the Nazis as they promised strong leadership and blamed Jews and communists for Germany's problems. The Nazis increased their Reichstag seats in elections in 1933 after Hitler became Chancellor, and he then used emergency powers to crush opposition and establish a one-party Nazi state in Germany.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 09. TABLES AND CARTOONS
The document discusses the Weimar Republic in Germany through tables and cartoons as part of a Cambridge IGCSE depth study on Germany. It provides information on the political and economic challenges faced by the Weimar Republic between 1919-1933 through statistical tables and illustrations. The depth study uses multiple visual elements to summarize key events and issues like inflation, unemployment, and the rise of extremism during this period of German history.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 08. NAZIS IN THE WILDERNESS
The “Lean Years” (also called the "wilderness" years) of Hitler and the Nazi Party in Germany refer to the period between 1924 and 1928 when the Nazi party did not have high levels of support and still suffered from humiliation over the Munich Putsch. Why where these years “lean”?
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 07. STRESEMMAN ERA 1924-1929
Gustav Stresemann was appointed Chancellor of Germany in 1923 during the Weimar Republic period. As Chancellor and later as Foreign Minister, he implemented policies that helped stabilize Germany's economy and improve its international standing. This included establishing a new currency to end hyperinflation, crushing communist uprisings, and pursuing diplomatic agreements like the Locarno Pact to normalize Germany's relations with other European powers. However, the economic and political stability of the Weimar Republic remained fragile.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 06. THE BEER HALL PUTSCH 1923
The Beer Hall Putsch, also known as the Munich Putsch, was a failed coup d'état by Nazi Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei or NSDAP) leader Adolf Hitler, Generalquartiermeister Erich Ludendorff and other Kampfbund leaders in Munich, Bavaria, on 8–9 November 1923, during the Weimar Republic. Approximately two thousand Nazis marched on the Feldherrnhalle, in the city centre, but were confronted by a police cordon, which resulted in the deaths of 16 Nazi Party members and four police officers. Hitler escaped immediate arrest and was spirited off to safety in the countryside. After two days, he was arrested and charged with treason. The putsch brought Hitler to the attention of the German nation for the first time and generated front-page headlines in newspapers around the world. His arrest was followed by a 24-day trial, which was widely publicised and gave him a platform to express his nationalist sentiments to the nation. Hitler was found guilty of treason and sentenced to five years in Landsberg Prison, where he dictated Mein Kampf to fellow prisoners Emil Maurice and Rudolf Hess. On 20 December 1924, having served only nine months, Hitler was released. Once released, Hitler redirected his focus towards obtaining power through legal means rather than by revolution or force, and accordingly changed his tactics, further developing Nazi propaganda.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 05. HYPERINFLATION
Hyperinflation affected the German Papiermark, the currency of the Weimar Republic, between 1921 and 1923, primarily in 1923. It caused considerable internal political instability in the country, the occupation of the Ruhr by France and Belgium, and misery for the general populace.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 04. WEIMAR TURMOIL YEARS 1919-1923
Weimar had faced a series of problems between 1919 and 1923 (hyperinflation, Munich Putsch, Kapp Putsch) but despite the odds had managed to survive.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 03. THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES IMPACT ON...
Thanks to the Treaty of Versailles, Germany's ability to produce revenue-generating coal and iron ore decreased. As war debts and reparations drained its coffers, the German government was unable to pay its debts. Some of the former World War I Allies didn't buy Germany's claim that it couldn't afford to pay.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 02. THE NOVEMBER REVOLUTION 1918
The German Revolution or November Revolution was a civil conflict in the German Empire at the end of the First World War that resulted in the replacement of the German federal constitutional monarchy with a democratic parliamentary republic that later became known as the Weimar Republic. The revolutionary period lasted from November 1918 until the adoption of the Weimar Constitution in August 1919. Among the factors leading to the revolution were the extreme burdens suffered by the German population during the four years of war, the economic and psychological impacts of the German Empire's defeat by the Allies, and growing social tensions between the general population and the aristocratic and bourgeois elite.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 01. THE EFFECT OF WW1 ON GERMANY
The document summarizes the impact of World War 1 on Germany. It discusses how Germany initially found success on the Eastern Front and made advances on the Western Front in 1918 but was eventually overwhelmed as the US joined the war effort. Germany experienced political instability, economic devastation from blockades, widespread hunger and disease, and psychological trauma from defeat. The German people bitterly blamed leaders for the defeat, sowing seeds for the rise of the Nazis in the unstable Weimar Republic that followed the war.
08. LEAGUE OF NATIONS - Questions and Answers.pptx
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS - LEAGUE OF NATIONS. The League of Nations was an international organization, headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, created after the First World War to provide a forum for resolving international disputes.
07. LEAGUE OF NATIONS - Abyssinian Crisis.pptx
This cartoon was likely published after the Stresa Pact was signed in early 1935, when Britain and France failed to raise the issue of Abyssinia with Mussolini and were perceived as turning a blind eye to his plans in hopes of keeping Italy as an ally against Germany. The cartoon directly criticizes the British and French policy of appeasing Mussolini, so the purpose was to criticize, not just inform. By criticizing the policy, the hope would be to influence and change the policy by swaying public opinion.
06. LEAGUE OF NATIONS - Manchurian Crisis.pptx
Manchurian Crisis. On September 18, 1931, an explosion destroyed a section of railway track near the city of Mukden. The Japanese, who owned the railway, blamed Chinese nationalists for the incident and used the opportunity to retaliate and invade Manchuria.
05. LEAGUE OF NATIONS - Great Depression and LON.pptx
GREAT DEPRESSION AND THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS. The Great Depression of 1930-33 meant people turned to extremist dictators such as Hitler and Mussolini, who were keen to invade other countries. This made it hard for the League to maintain peace. The League had some very ambitious plans and ideals – to stop war and make the world a better place.
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GEOGRAPHY YEAR 9 - DESERTS
- 2. DEFINITION A desert is a barren area of land where little precipitation occurs and living conditions are hostile for human, plant and animal life.
- 3. DENUDATION The lack of vegetation exposes the unprotected surface of the ground to the processes of denudation.
- 4. ARID AND SEMI-ARID REGIONS About one third of the land surface of the world is arid or semi-arid. This includes much of the polar regions where little precipitation occurs and which are sometimes called "cold deserts".
- 5. DESERT CLASSIFICATION Deserts can be classified by: • the amount of precipitation that falls • the temperature that prevails • the causes of desertification • their geographical location
- 6. ROCKS AND WEATHERING Deserts are formed by weathering processes as large variations in temperature between day and night put strains on the rocks which consequently break in pieces.
- 7. PLANTS Plants living in the desert need special adaptations to survive in the harsh environment. Plants tend to be tough and wiry with small or no leaves, water-resistant cuticles and often spines to deter herbivory.
- 8. ANIMALS Animals need to keep cool and find enough food and water to survive. Many are nocturnal and stay in the shade or underground during the heat of the day. They are efficient at conserving water. Some animals remain in a state of dormancy for long periods, ready to become active again when the rare rains fall. They then reproduce rapidly while conditions are favorable before returning to dormancy.
- 9. HUMAN IMPACT People have struggled to live in deserts and the surrounding semi-arid lands for millennia. Nomads have moved their flocks and herds to wherever grazing is available and oases have provided opportunities for a more settled way of life. Many trade routes have been forged across deserts, especially across the Sahara Desert, and traditionally were used by caravans of camels carrying salt, gold, ivory and other goods. Large numbers of slaves were also taken northwards across the Sahara.
- 10. ETYMOLOGY (NAME ORIGIN) The word desert come from the Latin dēsertum which translates "an abandoned place“.
- 11. 10 LARGEST DESERTS IN THE WORLD 1. Antarctic Desert (Antarctica) 14,200,000 km² 2. Arctic Desert (Arctic) 13,900,000 km² 3. Sahara Desert (Africa) 9,100,000 km² 4. Arabian Desert (Middle East) 2,600,000 km² 5. Gobi Desert (Asia) 1,300,000 km² 6. Patagonian Desert (South America) 670,000 km² 7. Great Victoria Desert (Australia) 647,000 km² 8. Kalahari Desert (Africa) 570,000 km² 9. Great Basin Desert (North America) 490,000 km² 10. Syrian Desert (Middle East) 490,000 km²
- 12. ATACAMA DESERT One of the driest places on Earth is the Atacama Desert. It is virtually devoid of life because the average precipitation in the Chilean region of Antofagasta is just 1 mm per year. Some weather stations in the Atacama have never received rain. Evidence suggests that the Atacama may not have had any significant rainfall from 1570 to 1971. Amazingly there is some plant life in the Atacama, plants that obtain moisture from dew and the fogs that blow in from the Pacific.