Description Of The Program Or Service

Description Of The Program Or Service
Executive Summary
Description Of The Program Or Service
In 1999, expert surgical nurse authors at the Association of perioperative Registered Nurses
developed a comprehensive curriculum to assist in the education and transition of nurses entering
the OR for the first time (Beyea, 2002). In 2007, the modules moved from an instructor–led face–
to–face curriculum to an online curriculum entitled Periop 101: A Core Curriculum (AORN, n.d.).
The program contains education modules that help learners master core perioperative competencies
and create a strong perioperative knowledge base. A variety of resources are used for the program
including reading assignments, videos, and critical skills assessment checklists that are present.
Each of the modules also delineates safety implications on that specific area of content. Periop 101
is best utilized when combined with preceptorship and skills labs.
The goal of Periop 101 is directly related to the Institute of Medicine 's 2010 recommendation for a
nurse residency program. It helps hospitals cultivate confident, well–prepared, patient safety
centered nurses. A key component of the curriculum is that it uses AORN 's Perioperative Standards
and Recommended Practices (AORN, 2012) as a major source of information for the novice
perioperative nurse. This feature fosters early use of AORN standards as a key source of direction
for practice. Periop 101, when used as the major component of an OR nurse residency program
supplemented with
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Analysis Of European Commission Sponsored Information...
The authors conducted both a qualitative and content analysis of European Commission sponsored
information pamphlets and campaigns aimed at general European audiences. The results reveal a
consistent neo–liberal message. Interestingly, the authors found the origin of this message in an
'ovular ' report by Évelyne Sullerot in 1970 on the dangers of women staying out of the labor
market. The Sullerot report determined that women's entry into the workforce was necessary for the
economic growth of the European Union as a way to create a competitive economy, growth overall,
and to combat an aging population and a dwindling labor supply. This message is echoed throughout
the next thirty years of the EU 's informational campaign aimed at society in general and women in
particular. Furthermore, in the EU's promotional materials exhorting women to work, there is no
pretense that the push for equality is for women's benefit. Instead, the materials explain that equality
is a pre–condition for economic growth. Additionally, social welfare policy is not to benefit society
or even the ill and infirmed, but to allow women entry into the work force. By the same token, the
emphasis on work/life balance and encouraging men to do an increased share of housework is
framed as a way to get women out of the house and into the work force. The section begins with an
overview of the research approach, and a discussion of the Sullerot report followed by analyses of
the subsequent EU information

Economic Benefits Of Globalization
Globalized cities act as connections between nations around the world, thereby creating the
international economy and fostering the development of impoverished nations by increasing the
mobility of capital and jobs. The mobility of capital and labor can be beneficial to international
corporations that are capable of taking advantage of international business opportunities. This aspect
of globalization can encourage the movement of the operations of large corporations to developing
areas that are in need of investment. While the movement of those corporations into developing
countries can be beneficial to the region as a whole, globalization does not always affect all
members of a population equally. Certain populations still struggle to find adequate housing,
employment opportunities, and healthcare despite the overall economic development in their city. To
maximize the benefits of globalization, it is also essential that city officials understand the
importance of creating a cohesive vision to guide the growth of an aspiring global city. The Meta–
Theme labor and capital describes how globalization has increased the mobility of funds and jobs
due to the ease of transporting goods and exchanging information internationally. Capital
investments are essential to the development of cities. Even with an effective plan in place, the
development of a city is not possible without investment in infrastructure. Additionally, the mobility
of jobs made possible by globalization has

Persuasive Speech For Labor Crisis
America's Skilled Labor labor crisis has always been overshadowed by other U.S issues. In my
opinion this is a very important problem that needs to be resolved. Today I will inform you on the
strategies I would take to solve the labor shortage. First off, being that most younger workers are
dependent on technology. I think it would be a good idea to use that to an advantage. Many
companies have adopted the use of employee devices and enterprise apps to conduct and manage
work within the company. Mobile smart phones and tablets are used everyday by millions of people
across the world. By developing apps and other technological tools, then a company can be much
more relatable to a work's interests. Which will improve a shortage of worker in a company. Make
the company more interesting by posting useful content. It can get very tiresome if all a company
publishes are job postings. I think a great idea would be to publish company news, updates and
share on social media. They could also use other platforms like your company blogs, newsletters or
even industry blogs. This increases the visibility of the company and has the potential to reach a
greater number of applicants. Basically, just use product updates, new employees and any of your
company's latest news as a way to sell your company to job seekers. Give people a sneak peek. Put
the profile of new employees on the company website as soon as possible once they have been
selected to join the team. It makes the worker feel

The Importance Of Immigrants In Germany
Germany is quite accepting of immigrants and they are very welcoming. Germany has the second
largest immigrant population in Europe, United Kingdom is the largest. Immigrants have
contributed greatly to the prosperity of the German economy. A representative study shows that
"foreign workers in Germany significantly contribute to the Bundesrepublik's prosperity" (Lorenz,
2017). At any rate, the German economy is suffering from labour shortage and is urgently in need of
immigrants to "counter an ageing demographic". Germany" needs its immigrants to be doing much
more than making doner kebabs – it needs them in its banks, its government offices, universities,
and IT companies" (Sampath, 2016). Based on data from the OECD and the German statistics
office, the study shows that Germany's cultural diversity happens to be a major contributor to its
economic success. Immigrants make up "9.6% of the population and one in five Germans has a
migration background. The fact that Germany's immigration rate is so high only tells half the story
though" (Lorenz, 2017). The number of foreign specialists in Germany's main industries is what
really stresses the importance of immigration. Studies have proven that "relatively poor performing
Bundesländer, with fewer foreign workers, could positively influence innovation and economic
success by attracting talented personnel from abroad" (Lorenz, 2017). Also, as stated by Movinga,
"the impressive number of companies with risk capital and the number

Talent Powered Organization : An Organization Essay
Talent–powered organization is defined as an organization that invests in building distinctive
capabilities in managing talent to produce extraordinary results for the organization, such as
providing more value to the customers. To become a talent–powered organization, it must follow
specific processes to be able to turn talent into its competitive advantage. The word talent has been
used in business to describe the overall experience, knowledge, skills, and behaviors that a person
has. Therefore, a talent is a person with the necessary capabilities to help the business in gaining its
competitive advantage. However, this was not previously the case, in the old capitalism people were
viewed impersonally, as part of three main factors necessary for production which are capital, land
and labor. Karl Marx even argued that this model alienates the workers with the fruit of their labor
as their only goal is to produce for the capitalist. In recent times, this has changed significantly
through the transformation brought about by technologies which resulted in the age of information.
Now, only around 20 to 30 percent of value is attributable to tangible assets. By far the greatest part
of a typical company's value now comes from the intangibles – such as its unique knowledge of
production, service and delivery methods, its knowledge of the markets, its relationships with
customers and suppliers, its brand value and reputation, and of course its workforce capabilities.
Thus, the

Analysis Of Rosie The Riveer Revisited By Judy Lovelace
After the attack of Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, the United States entered World War II and
rapidly experienced a profound transformation. Men were sent overseas daily to fight on the front
lines. The absence of men left industry short–handed. The United States was in possible economic
danger. To solve this, the "Rosie the Riveter" was launched in 1941 to recruit women to join the
labor force for the defense industry. Judy Lovelace, in "Rosie the Riveter Revisited," describes her
personal experiences and conflicting thoughts while working for the war effort. Lovelace's interview
allows us to better understand changes in women's personal and professional lives during the war. It
also shows the profound importance of women's work toward the war effort. Lovelace was one of
the six million women employed during the war. Women were recruited to work in factories,
industrial plants, ship yards, on farms, to provide logistical support for the military. There was
increased stress to carry out government contracts due to the unexpected labor shortage. Sex, age
and race were ignored during the recruitment process because employers were desperate to fill
positions and avoid a decrease in production. Women were encouraged to voluntarily join the
industrial work force. Educational level was taken into consideration to determine placement for
available positions. Non–high school graduates were given more labor intense positions, such as
assembly line work. Job ads did

Example Labour Market Analysis Report Essay
. . . . . . . . . .
Labour Market Analysis Report
. . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing (XXXX) Industry by XXXX
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SEC
PAGE
1
Executive Summary Labour Supply and Demand
3
2
3
3
Economic Overview – Industry
3
4
PMP Chullora's Current Workforce Position
4

5
External Labour Supply – Current and Future
5
6
Workforce Planning Recommendations
6
2
. . . . . . . . . .
Executive Summary
Australia's XXXXX and Graphic Arts Industry provides crucial services to businesses and
organisations across all sectors of the nation's economy. The industry as whole boasts a workforce of
between 100,000 and 120,000 individuals. The industry however has been under ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
As a XXXX for XXXX and other small XXXX style products, the increase in technology and
electronic forms of XXXX products has resulted in significant decline in volumes and sales orders
from the major customer. Statistical decline in the vicinity of XXXX on pagination and total order
value over the period Aug 10 – Aug 11 has already provided the business case to reduce XXXX
production from a 12 hour, 6 day a week operation to an 8 hour, 6 day a week cycle resulting in
redundancies across all areas of the operation. The projection from the customer, and internal
commercial projections have forecast that a similar decline over the next 2 – 4 years will result in
further downsizing within the business, with a focus on retaining the skilled trades' positions within
the organisation due to the specialist nature of the product. The organisation currently plans the
workforce around the Enterprise Agreement (EBA) in operation which has manning levels mandated
for minimum requirements to run. At the present moment it is allowing continuous operation
without the presence of observable shortages; however a more in depth review of the workforce has
uncovered a predicted shortage which will impact the business' ability to meet production demands
in the future. Analysis has shown that the workforce is currently populated by almost a third of its
workers being over 55 years of age

Combating Human Trafficking: Gaps In Policy And Law
Louis Chiu
UID:304677915
GEOG 145
Professor Faier
Critical Analysis Paper
Combating Human Trafficking: Gaps in Policy and Law (Mishra, 2015) is a book discussing the
definitions of human trafficking, including the one from Palermo Protocol. Mishra believes the term
"human trafficking" today is being generalized, which is not a good start in dealing with the
situation. He also explains several perspectives to eliminate human trafficking like spatial focus and
person focus. His analysis covers different types of trafficking such as forced labor in different
fields, forced child labor, bridge trafficking, organ trafficking, and migration trafficking etc.
Afterwards, he explores the pull and push factors from the perspective of the trafficked ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The prevention from trafficking is applied to supply of trafficking business by proactive and reactive
intervention, and demand for trafficked people (p. 167). The protection of victims is carried out by
raids and recue by the police. Usually, after judicial judge, the trafficked people will be detained,
disempowered, and deported step–by–step. The prosecution of traffickers is not quite effective
because it can only be carried out within the borders. It is hard for a nation to combat such an
organized crime alone. Similar to Mishra's prevention measure, Chuang (2006) agrees that
suppressing trafficking demand is the main direction of long–term measure. She adds that
"assessment of the potential long–term effects of existing counter–trafficking strategies" (p. 156) is
necessary, and the measures should be setup based on international law about human rights, i.e. the
Palermo Protocol. Kara (2011) suggests to reduce the demand for trafficking labor so that traffickers
earn less profit. By "proactively investigate and intervene in human trafficking crimes" (p. 71), the
cost of trafficking labor will increase, and traffickers can do nothing but to increase the price of
trafficking labor. At last, demand for trafficking labor will decrease. This measure of reducing
demand is like the ones of Mishra's and Chuang's. Besides the

The Labor Aspect of Human Trafficking Essay
Last semester in my Women Public Health class was revelation for me as a woman, learning about
the struggles that other women suffer around the world. The one subject that caught my attention
was the missing girls in China and India. Millions of fetus or baby girls in these countries go
missing yearly by different methods. The subject of the missing girl's lead me to human trafficking
(sex trafficking) into and within China's own boarders, due to the shortage of women. Although
there aren't any available history journals for human trafficking and the subject of human trafficking
interests me. Human trafficking has different components such as force labor, sex trafficking, and
child trafficking, I will be looking at the labor history. The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The article the Old Labor History and the New: in search of an American working class by David
Brody discusses the recent change that the labor history had, which up until recently the study of
labor wasn't accepted. Brody points out the influx of people of the working class and immigrant's
background after the World War II it started to be accepted. He also points out that the old labor was
institution and the new labor is looking at the people. During the late 1970s, both the LH and ILWC
journals were looking at the past labor history and their current one, for example, German workers
of Chicago during 1850–1910, British Syndicalism 1900–1914, and many others. Brody clears why
the journals are looking at the past labor from the 19th & 18th centuries. Smith points out that more
and more people were starting to take interested in labor history and the symposium showed that to
their community. Although, during the late 1970s decade there wasn't much talk about human
trafficking or even slavery. Slavery or what we call today human trafficking during this period, there
wasn't, much discourse about it. Slavery has been present since the beginning of time in our world
history, although some parts of it hasn't been silenced, but there may be some other parts that are,
but it seem during the 70s there wasn't much attention for it, they focus on class struggle,

Constraints Of SME
1. Introduction
The purpose of the essay is to discuss on the constraints faced and the steps taken to sustain SMEs'
current and future prospects in Singapore economy. The essay is divided into three broad categories.
Category one will cover the overview of SMEs in Singapore. Category two will examine the
constraints encountered by the SMEs. The final category will look into potential solutions to address
the constraints faced by SMEs.
2. Overview of SMEs in Singapore
SMEs play an essential role in the Singapore economy as they account for more than 50% of the
economic growth and 70% of employment. The government has introduced various schemes and
programs for SMEs to constantly improve their technology and infrastructure so as to sustain and
generate higher economic growth.
The government also works closely with the Trade Association and Chambers (TACs) ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
SMEs in Singapore are mainly service oriented and labor intensive, thus creating ample job
opportunities which play a part in reducing the unemployment rate in Singapore.
According to a research by MasterCard (2007), SMEs has been creating an average of 400,000 jobs
on an annual basis over the years in the service sector. In addition, an increase in the value added per
worker for SMEs was sighted; with SMEs raising the value add percentage up to 59% as compared
to the MNCs.
3. Challenges Faced by SMEs in Singapore
How SMEs produce their goods and services are determined by the resources and technology used.
The resources used to produce goods and services are called factors of production, which are
separated into four categories: land, labor capital and entrepreneurship. (Michael Parkin, 2014). This
category will cover the challenges faced by SMEs in Singapore with regards to the factors of

The Pros And Cons Of H-1B Visas
H–1B Visas In recent years, much has changed in the science, technology, engineering, and
mathematics (STEM) fields. Three sources entitled, Rising above the Gathering Storm, Innovative
America, and Tapping America's Potential argue that if Americans do not improve in the STEM
field our economy will suffer, so will our exports, and will heavily impact America. If we do not
improve then the standard of living may fall and so will our economy. The three reports talk about
using more innovation and technology, if we do this then our economy will be stable. The
proponents argue that we need to close achievement gaps, improve the quality of teachers, increase
labor supply, improve our international ranking, and issue more H–1B visas. Workers in the STEM
field think that their employers are replacing them because the H–1B foreign workers are cheaper.
Although, critics argue that the STEM movement is sabotaging other countries so, America can be
ahead. But, for the US to be ahead in innovation and STEM education, we need to issue more H–1B
visas. The H–1b program is for guest workers from different countries.
The critics argue that these H–1B visas are "popular" because companies want to obtain workers at a
lower cost than American workers.. Ron HIra, the writer of The H–1B and L–1 Visa Programs: Out
of Control," writes about how H–1B workers are supposed to be helping, but instead they are
making things worse for American workers. "The goals of the H–1B and L1 visa programs

Quality Healthcare Paper
Running head: ACCESS TO QUALITY HEALTHCARE PAPER ASSIGNMENT
Access to Quality Healthcare Paper
Ruddy Jean
L. Lewellen MBAJOGZL57
April 27, 2010
Quality Healthcare Introduction It will be evident to realize that financial, educational, and socio –
demographic implications can bring serious impact on access to quality healthcare in the
organization.
Labor shortage will stay an important component that can affect as well the access to quality care.
Socio – demographic changes linked with chronic illnesses can have an effect on the aging
population, which may reduce the quality of life, increase costs for healthcare and rise resource
allocation. In point of fact, both labor shortage and socio –
demographic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Furthermore, chronic illnesses excessively affect older people and are linked with disability,
reducing quality of life, and rising costs for healthcare and long – term care.
Impact on Access to Quality Care
A majority of Americans imagine that the quality of healthcare and the socio – demographic changes
have been impacted considerably by the global nursing shortage.
A number of current reports show that United States is facing shortages of healthcare providers
countrywide. Access to quality care can decrease health discrepancies and increase the years of
healthy life for all U.S. citizens. Hospitals across the U.S.A. are stressed with workforce shortages
that have the potential to cooperate both access to quality care and accessibility of healthcare in the
next five years. The phenomenon of shortage will impact on access to quality care because there
simply are not sufficient nurses and medicinal technologist to serve our aging populace. On the
other hand, the elderly women who are outnumbered elderly men become more culturally and
ethically diverse. Poverty rates will stay one more impact on access of quality care and will rise with
advancing age. Besides, the effects of aging are controlled by more special effects of race, class and
gender and may result in higher risks for health and social dilemmas.
As a result, major connotations comprise

Is The Labor Shortages Fear?
Introduction
For years now, we have been hearing about labor shortages that will occur as a result of the
retirement of baby boomers. However, baby boomers have been retiring in large number for several
years already, and labor shortages, except in a few highly specialized occupations, are hardly a
noticeable problem in most mature economies. This raises the question: Is the labor shortages fear
overblown? We do not think so. Our motivation for writing this report is rooted in our belief that
most mature economies are likely to experience tight labor markets, a higher wage bill, and a
squeeze on the bottom line of many businesses in the next 15 years. If not for the global financial
crisis and its aftermath, many mature economies would ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In coming years, the job of many human capital professionals is likely to become tougher as
recruiting and retaining workers becomes even more difficult, and controlling labor costs (without
losing labor quality) will emerge as a major challenge. In such an environment, looking a few years
into the future is not a luxury, but an essential business practice. Better planning and prompt reaction
to future workforce trends could make a significant difference in business performance and reduce
the impact on corporate profits.
When planning ahead, organizations should make the distinction between the short run and long run.
Some countries, such as Italy, are at an especially high risk of labor shortages in the long run, but for
the short term they are expected to experience loose labor markets. On the other hand, other
countries, such as Canada, which are now experiencing relatively tight labor markets, are at
relatively lower risk of labor shortages in the longer run.
Labor shortages are already an issue in many emerging markets, but the discussion of labor
shortages in those markets varies greatly from the discussion in mature economies. Given the
difference, a discussion of labor shortages in emerging economies is beyond the scope of this report.
A Unique Point in History: The Working Age Population Is Shrinking
Mature economies are at a unique point in history– the working age population (people aged 15 to
64) is declining,

Illegal Immigrants: A Shortage Of Labor
Many labor–intensive industries face a severe shortage of workers. There is currently a shortage of
labor in construction, agriculture, building maintenance, hospitality, childcare, and retail (Altman).
The construction industry estimates it will face a million person labor shortage in the next ten years
as native born Americans find the industry unappealing (Altman). The critical shortage of labor
cannot currently be met by the extremely limited government quotas for legal immigrants (Altman).
Not many native–born Americans are interested in pursuing essential but often unpleasant jobs such
as janitors, fruit harvesters, or daycare workers, but unskilled illegal immigrants are (Passel and
Cohn). Illegal immigrants doing these unpleasant jobs ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Neither "cluster" of immigrants steals jobs, and highly skilled immigrants create more jobs through
scientific breakthroughs and research ("Always in Demand"). To stay economically competitive,
America needs to increase the visas available for legal immigrants, as well as finding a way to
naturalize the illegal immigrants already working and contributing to the country. Welcoming
immigrants is not just a tradition in American history, it is a clear and proven opportunity to keep
our country economically strong for the future. Immigrants make America great– prejudice,
nativism and falsehoods do

Future Nursing Shortage Essay
The waiting lists for nursing programs are very long. Sometimes students have to wait 2–3years to
start that program, on another hand nurses always complain they are short stuff. According to Moore
(2015), the Bureau of Labor Statistics projects that 526,800 more nurses will be needed by 2022 ––
an increase of 19.4 percent from 2012 –– to help keep up with patient growth and replace those who
leave. One of the reason for the future nursing shortage is that there are not enough faculty to teach
incoming nursing students." Either faculty are leaving due to retirement –– like their counterparts in
health–care settings, they too are aging – or they're gaining higher salaries elsewhere in practice
settings other than teaching." (Moore, 2015)

Benefits Of Temporary Visa Programs
Over the past few decades, the American workforce has been on the decline. As many of the
previous generations start to retire and leave the workforce so does their skills, something American
companies are having problems replacing. Up till the 1970's the American workforce saw the
number of unskilled workers decline with the number of skilled workers increasing. In the 1970's
however, this trend stagnated and has held constant. With individuals aged 55–59 years getting
ready to retire the American workforce is about to lose a large portion of its skilled workers. This
puts American companies in a very precarious position, how do these companies replace these
workers? Some companies are moving their operations to places where the number of skilled
workers is steadily increasing. Most companies, however, take advantage of temporary visa
programs like H–1B. This visa program allows these companies to bring in skilled workers as non–
immigrants to work in the United States for three years, up to six with a renewal. Currently, the H–
1B program allows for 65,000 foreign workers with an additional 20,000 visas set aside for
individuals pursuing doctorate degrees. Additionally, universities are allowed an unlimited number
of visas for individuals pursuing bachelor's degrees. In order to apply for this visa, a foreign worker
must have already been offered a position and actually it is their employer who applies for the visa.
Due to the number of applicants in recent years the State

Shortage Of Nurses And Healthcare Workers
I believe that there is a shortage of nurses in the United States and in other counties throughout the
world. There is a big shortage of nurses and healthcare workers in the nursing home where I worked
at. To solve the problem of the nursing shortage, management hired travel nurses to come into the
facility to work. I think travel nurses can be helpful in some ways and hurtful in other ways. Staff at
the nursing home gave the travel nurses a hard time because they were getting paid more money for
the same job. Another problem with the travel nurses was that they rarely showed up to work and
called off often. I think that one way to keep travel nurses from calling off or not showing up is to
have them sign a contract. Although, most traveling nurses sign a contract, my facility did not have
signed contract nurses come in.
I am currently a travel nurse and I had to sign a six month contract and will be penalized if I don't
complete it. There is also a nursing shortage at the current job that I am contracted through, even
though they contract nurses from several different agencies. The facility is currently adding 50 more
patient beds, which will make the shortage even worse. I think the health care field is getting more
patients that are more difficult to take care of, which causes more staff to be needed. I think the
nursing shortage is only going to get worse because the baby boomer generation is starting to age
and will require more nursing care.

Apple And Foxconn Case Study
Assessment 2 – Case Synthesis: Apple and Foxconn
Introduction
The consumer electronics magnate Apple Inc. has been accused of labor abuse in its Asian supply
chain. The acquiescence of underage labor, excessive working hours and illegitimate low wage in
China–based Foxconn factories is clear evidence of corporate social responsibility (CSR) omission.
In fact, such acquiescence is the result of an exploitation chain, with Apple at the top, Chinese
workers at the bottom and Foxconn in between.
Key issues
Low bargaining power and labor market disequilibrium
The inelasticity of labor supply curtails the bargaining power of workers and places them at a
disadvantage against their employer. Most of Foxconn employees are underprivileged and
consequently undereducated. The first feature deprives them of alternatives other than working to
support their families and the second pronounces that they are unqualified for many occupations
other than mechanical chores on the assembly line. This scarcity of options enables Foxconn to
impose harsh working schedule, cut wages and suppress the resistance of the tractable workers.
Because of the one–child policy and aging population, the younger generation is unlikely to ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Exploiting Foxconn's fear of contract termination, Apple offers low prices for widgets which reduce
its own expenditure but slash Foxconn's profit margin. The low marginal revenue compels Foxconn
to minimize its production cost by cutting wages. To maintain its share in the ever–changing
consumer electronics market, Apple has to frequently revise its production forecasts and
consequently its orders for widgets. It is impossible to meet such urgent demand which exceeds
Foxconn's regular productivity, so the underpaid employees are forced to

A Brief Economic Analysis Of Nursing Shortage
Scientific Paper Summary Snavely, T.M. (2016). Data Watch. A Brief Economic Analysis of the
Looming Nursing Shortage in the United States. Nursing Economic$, 34(2), 98–100. This article is
written by Timothy M. Snavely and is based on the information he gathered about the shortage of
nurses in the United States. The article mentions that if America wants to remain on top of the
medical field throughout the world it needs highly trained and qualified nurses. This article focuses
on the scientific proof that examine the relevant economic issues surrounding the present and future
of the nursing workforce through supply and demand. The history of health care workforce in the
United Stated is in a cyclical pattern of nursing shortages due to fluctuating

The Manila Metropolitan Are The Center Of Employment...
The Manila metropolitan area is known as the center of employment opportunities here in the
Philippines. Most of the Filipinos from different parts of the country are taking their chances to
move to the urban centers of Manila with high hopes of being employed in opportunities associated
with the modern economy, mostly services and manufacturing. Some of them were lucky enough
and landed in their dream jobs and earned a living. However, the country 's high rate of population
growth has resulted to large additions to the labor force annually. This has aggravated an economy
with a high rate of unemployment and even higher underemployment. Indeed, the shortage of
employment opportunities has resulted in large–scale migrations of Filipino workers to other
countries, both professionals and unskilled workers.
Determined to create jobs here at home and to ensure that Filipinos need not leave their families to
go abroad to work, former President Benigno Aquino III, issued a 22–point platform and policy
implemented by the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE). President Aquino also wanted
to ensure that the country's labor policies were aligned with international treaties and international
labor conventions to effectively protect the rights of workers, especially those working abroad.
The goal of the previous administration was for investors to invest in our country's top resource, our
human resource, to make us more competitive and employable while promoting industrial peace

Essay On Japan Labor Shortage Advantages And Disadvantages
Challenges that created by country characteristics:
1.High land prices
Japan is an island country(see in figure 1), the land area is only 378,000 square kilometers. Land is
in short supply, especially in the business district in Japan. And the price is absolutely the most
prohibitive all around the world. This is one of the major obstacles to business expansion in Japan.
Possible measures to deal with shortages include open stores dedicated to delivery, the establishment
of standard stores in lower rental areas, or the development of more profitable shops with smaller
kitchen areas.
Figure 1
2. Labor shortage and Japanese labor practices
Because of the lack of young workers from structural rather than temporal changes, including the
decline in the birth rate of Japan, labor shortages for the fast food industry becomes a serious
problem. Fast food industry mainly relies on high school graduates and college students part–time
staff. Half of the full–time employees, including the managers, are college graduates.
Therefore, management must provide them with the benefits of Japanese employment practices,
such as the seniority system and the lifetime employment system. Management must also be
concerned about the increase in salary levels and prevent them from leaving to ensure the future
potential of employees. In order to address labor shortage challenge, Kentucky Fried Chicken is
attracting working conditions by developing a new system, getting rid of "dirty, dangerous, hard

The Issue Of Mandatory Overtime For Nurses And Why It...
McIntyre's framework is a method of conducting in depth analysis that emphasizes understanding
issues in healthcare as complicated and multifactorial problems, while exploring barriers to
resolving the issue (McIntyre & McDonald, 2014, p. 5). Using this framework, this paper will
provide an in depth analysis of the issue of mandatory overtime for nurses, and why it should not be
eliminated from use by hospital management.
Situating the Topic
Working overtime is a prevalent practice among nurses that hospital management uses to deal with
staff shortages. According to Manitoba Nurses Union (MNU), 34% of Manitoba nurses reported
working overtime (2014, p. 4). Most overtime worked by nurses in Manitoba is voluntary, however,
it is legal to mandate nurses to work overtime if required. Three in 10 overtime shifts worked by
nurses in Manitoba are involuntary (MNU, 2010, p. 6). MNU defines mandatory overtime as a
situation in which the nurse refuses the offered overtime and the employer orders the nurse to
continue working after their assigned shift has ended (p. 7). Mandatory overtime is seen as an
absolute, last possible resort for hospital managers, after all other options and possibilities have been
exhausted (MNU, p. 6).
If the nurse being offered overtime determines they are too exhausted to provide safe, competent,
and compassionate care, the nurse may refuse to work the mandatory overtime (College of
Registered Nurses of Manitoba [CRNM], 2002, p. 1). Other potential

The United States Is Known To Have The Largest Immigration
The United States is known to have the largest immigration population in the world. There are often
three reasons for immigrants coming to the United States. One reason is to take advantage of
superior economic opportunities. Another reason could be to escape political or religious oppression
that may be occurring in their home countries. A third reason could be to reunite with family
members who are already in the United States. Since there are individuals of other nations coming
to the United States to live and find workable jobs, the American economy is being effected.
Although these effects occur, it does not mean that they are bad or good. These effects just come
naturally due to immigration. This paper will examine three effects that ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This means that immigrants are more likely to take the blue–collar jobs that complement the work of
United States workers to help increase the productivity. This means that immigrants are heavily
employed in manual labor jobs. For example, low–skilled immigrant workers allow United States
farmers to expand their agricultural productivity which leads to more employment opportunities and
incomes for both sides. Immigration helps American businesses in another way as well. Immigrants
help United States workers by opening up new stores and restaurants which allows more
employment opportunities. Because of these two factors, the Hamilton Project states that economists
have found that immigration raises the average wages of all U.S.–born workers (The Hamilton
Project, 2012). Although it is viewed by some people that immigrants are taking U.S.–born natives
they actually help expand the supply of labor. This increased supply of labor allows immigrants to
have a domestic economic demand for houses, food, and goods and services. This demand helps
create more jobs for building houses, making food, and allowing more goods and services to be
created. Although there are mainly long–term benefits some economists believe that there are short–
term losses with immigration. According to the article titled, The Effects of Immigration on the
United States' Economy, the standard economic theory states

Nursing Shortage In Nursing
How nervous and worried should one patient be when he or she presses the call button for a nurse
and they don't show up for an hour? Nurses are becoming worried because of their departments are
very understaffed and are scared that their patients are in danger. I conducted an interview with
Jeanne Kenndey from Ivinson hospital in Laramie Wyoming, and she stated; "we really short–
staffed and we can't schedule for the Acuity and the amount of patients we get so we just have to
work with what we have and hope for the best so it's really unpredictable of how we are going to be
able to take care of people" She described to me why it was this way; " yesterday was really hard we
were really busy you were short–staffed and we had a bunch of sick patients that if anything had
gone wrong it could have been really bad" Even in small towns being short staffed is becoming an
issue and every nurse is scared that their department will fail in an attempt to save everyone. In a
study ran by multiple individuals who have their PHD such as; Linda H Aikens, PHD, RN; they
found that in the hospital setting every 100 patients who died where with nurses who were assigned
4 patients, but 131 patients died when nurses were assigned 8 patients.
(https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/195438) Nursing shortage is a scary idea for
everyone, but it has been a well–known problem to America for the past couple of years. The
shortage has resulted from a number of factors but the main one is

The Role Of A Middle Class Mother And Wife
Donna Stone portrayed the idealized role of a middle class mother and wife in during the late 1950's
in The Donna Reed Show. She was always well dressed and put together. She cooked and cleaned
for her family and took care of the children. Flash forward 60 years later and the present day reality
of a middle class mother could not be more different. From 1975 to 2009, the labor force rate of
mothers with children 18 years old and younger changed from 47.5 percent to 71.6 percent (Bianchi,
2011). The work and family policies, however, have failed to change with the times are still very
similar to what they were during the 1950's (Blades & Rowe–Finkbeiner). This is an issue because
with more mothers' entering the workplace with no ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is reported that the average working parent in America misses five to nine days a week due to
issues with child care (Impact Brief One). Unfortunately it is difficult to find affordable childcare
that fits all of a families needs. One of the biggest stressors and conflicts at home for families comes
from trying to finance the necessary childcare. Bianchi explains that for the majority of the working
class in the United States, family income is too high to earn government subsidized care, yet not
high enough to afford high quality care. For example, full time center care for an infant in a center
ranges from $4,863 to $16,430(Parents and the High Cost of Child Care 2013 Report). In addition,
working mothers also face the issue of the family gap. Studies suggest that having a child decreases
wages at ranges of 10% to 15% (Simonsen & Skipper). The wage gap between men and women has
decreased over the past few decades, but the wage gap between women with children and women
without keeps growing. A reason working mothers experience this family gap is because the United
States has not changed it's family policies regarding maternity leave and childcare. The countries
that have developed policies for maternity leave and childcare have been more successful at closing
the gender gap as well as the family gap (Waldfogel, 1998). This creates paying for childcare an
even bigger burden and issue to solve.
The European countries follow completely

Overtime And Fatigue
In today's society, overtime is the primary method that healthcare facilities are using to keep up with
the high demand of staffing. Many employers mandate that healthcare workers work extra shifts and
they threaten them with dismissal for insubordination, even to the point of reporting them to the
state board of nursing for job abandonment.
Bae (2013) stated that working overtime is closely associated with the fatigue and sleep deprivation
in nurses. Sleep deprivation causes fatigue. Fatigue is linked to difficulties in behavioral
functioning. It slows reaction time. Overtime can cause injury to nurses.
Overtime is hours worked by an employee beyond a regularly fixed shift. It is determined by what
the usual length of a shift is for an employee. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They can depreciate the mettle of providers, causing a job burnout. That will reduce their retention
and make more openings, which forces the rest of the workers to work more overtime. Therefore,
mandated overtime consequently worsens the shortage of staff and contributes to worker
dissatisfaction. Some people, when they are tired, cannot concentrate on having normal
conversations. They can get frustrated with their coworkers and patients, which causes poor
communication. Healthcare workers that work overtime usually get less sleep and are more
vulnerable to diseases and an imbalance of work and family. Providers experiencing fatigue can
experience a decrease in energy and attention, slower reaction times, and are more likely to make
medical errors. Nayab (2011) stated that the U.S. Department of Health and Human services
reported that "16 out of the 22 major studies addressing general health effects associate overtime
with poorer perceived general health, increased injury rates, more illnesses, and increased mortality"
(para.

Economic Benefits Of Immigration
Workers are always searching for a higher paying job to help support themselves and their families,
even if it means moving to a different country. Economic benefit is one the main reasons why
people would immigrant to the US. Others may seek economic losses if it meant that they would
gain political freedom or reunification with their families. The US has historically been an
immigration country, with new waves coming from different regions throughout generations. The
first wave occurred in the 19th century which consisted of mostly Northern European, while
southern and Eastern European came in the late 19th century to early 20th century. In the 1920's
quotas were put into place in an attempt to preserve the ethnic composition of the country. The 1965
Immigration Act got rid of these quotas in the eastern hemisphere and put an emphasis on family
reunification by having a visa system for immigrants put in place. As a matter of fact, this act
changed US policy which had previously discriminated against non–northern Europeans. By
implementing this policy and many others after there has been a large increase in immigration of
less–skilled workers into the US. For example, the Immigration Act of 1990 again focused on family
reunification, employment–based immigrants and diversity of immigrants. By taking in all these
immigrants, there are both costs and benefits that do occur. Benefits range from boosting the
American economy to increasing in specialization of immigrant's

The Emergency Room Is A Fast Paced And Hardcore Working...
The nurses of today are just as important as doctors. Hospitals thrive on their training and skills to
care for sick patients. Nurses are the heart and backbone of all hospital facilities. Nurse's duties
consist of injecting pharmaceutical drugs into a patients IV, measuring dosage, monitoring vital
signs, keeping detailed logs of intake of medicine and other important procedures that go with the
nursing profession. Hospitals all across the world depend on their valuable skills and determination
to help people on their recovery (Olvera). There are different types of nurses, all which work in
different paced environments. There are those who work in a calm setting were a patient is
scheduled for a long stay, and then there are those who work in the emergency room, intensive care
unit (ICU), nursing homes, schools and many more diverse areas (Olvera). The emergency room is a
fast paced and hardcore working facility. Nurses within that department depend on their high energy
and focus to make fast and accurate decisions (Ibid). It is hard to imagine a hospital with a shortage
of nurses, but every day it becomes more perceptible that the U.S is going to be faced with a nursing
crisis for the years to come (Tieman). It is estimated that by the year 2020 hospital facilities will be
in need of 800,000 Registered Nurses (Fulton). Many hospitals today are currently in need of nurses.
Very few of them are appropriately staffed with the adequate number of staff nurses. Although there

The Impact of Production Offshoring on Labor in Developing...
The Impact of Production Offshoring on Labor Force in Developing Countries
Name: CHEN, Jiangying
Student ID: 08577449 Date: 30/11/2010
Table of Content 1. Introduction.....................................................................3 2. Definition of Core
Concepts..................................................3 a) Production
Offshoring....................................................3 b) Labor
Force...............................................................4 3. Beneficial
Impacts............................................................4 4. Harmful
Impacts...............................................................7 5. Personal
Opinions.............................................................9 6.
Conclusion.....................................................................10 7.
Appendix......................................................................11 8.
Reference......................................................................16
Introduction
This paper aims to demonstrate production offshoring's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to Mr. Robert C. Feenstra, an economy professor from University of California, Davis,
when the company off–shores its production, most of the time, it will off–shore the least technical
part because of both its concern about piracy of intellectual property and the low technological level
of its offshore partners. However, when it has benefited from this relocation and starts to consider
further off–shoring its production, it now has to move the part with the currently lowest
technological requirement. But this requirement is higher than that of the part which is already off–
shored, leading to the relative increase in the demand for skilled labor in developing countries and
thus, increasing their relative wage rates (Figure 1). At the same time, this benefit may be partly
offset by the popularization of education and the high incentive, i.e. higher wages, to become skilled
labor, which will increase its supply and thus, decrease its wage rates. Luckily for them, the net
effect is still positive, probably because the rapid growth of production offshoring outpaces the
growth of skilled labor.
A typical example comes from Mexico. In Figure 2, we can see that from the mid 1960s to the mid
1980s, there was a continuous decrease in the wages of Mexico's skilled labor relative to unskilled
labor. Feenstra explained that this might "have to do with the increase in the supply of skilled
labor"during these two decades. But since

Shortage Of Labor In High School
"Construction is the industry that got us out of the recession" says Kari Clark, president of the
homebuilding company Sharper Homes (personal communication, November 22, 2017). Without a
huge construction labor force, that wouldn't have been possible. However, today's construction
labor–force is dwindling in size, and home–builders are having problems staffing workers. While
the shortage of labor in the construction industry of Minnesota is a serious issue, it can be solved by
introducing trade school programs into local schools. To begin, there is a decline in Minnesotan high
schools offering construction trade programs. Since high schools don't offer these types of programs,
many students don't know that going to college to get a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Not only are high schools withholding trade programs from students, but the negative perception of
construction workers turns away applicants. Society has shaped the idea that two–year universities
aren't as good as four–year universities. Likely, this is because the perception is that the attendees of
the two–year university aren't good enough for a four–year university (Dickrell, 2013). These ideas
prevent students from attending two–year universities. They are worried that society will look down
upon them. This stigma shouldn't be preventing students from considering construction jobs.
Another aspect of society that creates negative perceptions about trade schools is high school
teachers. Teachers aren't discussing trade jobs, so many students don't even think about trade schools
(Robertson, 2013). By not promoting blue collar jobs, the construction labor industry is hurting.
Teachers need to open students' minds to other options besides going to a four–year college. The
small number of applicates to trade schools is likely due to a negative perception of the construction
industry. The shortage of labor caused by society and the lack of trade programs in high schools
causes a problem for consumers because of the rise in prices in the construction industry. It's plain to
see that the lack of workers affects how much construction industries can charge. The industry is

Essay on The Aging Population of the Last Century
In the beginning of last century, the world population was 1.65 billion while the current population
reached 7 billion in 2012 (United Nations, Web). Among this 7 billion people, 810 million are older
person. According to the United Nations, person of the age 60 is considered as older person, but
many developed countries categorize person of the age 65 as older person. In The Study of
Population published in 1959 by Philip Hauser and Otis Dudley Duncan, "aging population" was not
appeared in it. At that time, the world did not pay much attention to the aging issue as the world
population was still young. But it is a big issue to the world as the number of older person exceed
the number of younger person now.
The aging population has ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The immigrants, besides filling up the emply spot causes by shortage of labor in the market, they
bring the new life in Canadian trading sector.
The birth rate keeps declining after the baby boom period reach the end of early 1960s and the
prolonged life expectancy have caused the shortage of labor force in our market today. Many people
who were borned during the baby boom period has reached the retiring age, this could create a gap
in the labor market as there are not enough supply of labor force locally. This could slow dow the
economy activity. Life expectancy in certain selected countries has an average rise of 9 years from
1965 to 2005, however, many western courtries set the retirement age to 65. However, when the
birth rate between those years keep falling and this causes the steady supply of manpower to the
market. Some suggest to raise the retirement age and "various countries such as France, Ireland,
Greece, and the United Kingdom have recently raised the normal legal retirement age" (Bloom,
Boersch–Supan, McGee, Seike). In UK, between 2024 and 2046, the retirement age for men and
women will rise gradually from 65 to 68. In this way, the retirement age has a

Effects Of Canada 's Temporary Foreign Workers Policy
Name:
Date:
Class:
Instructor:
Consequences of Recent Changes to Canada's Temporary Foreign Workers Policy The pace of
immigration in the contemporary scenario has increased significantly. Historically, movement of
people from rural areas to cities and under–privileged nations to rich, affluent countries was a
normal phenomenon. As increasing poverty and unemployment in the modern world have forced
many poor workers in under–privileged and developing countries to search opportunities elsewhere,
the demand in the developed countries like Canada have increased, especially for low–wage, low
skilled, temporary workers. In Canada, the reluctance of many Canadians to accept low wage, low–
skilled, temporary employment has fueled the demand for ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
People migrate in search of better economic prospects and opportunities. Many move to enjoy a
better lifestyle and improve standard of living. A segment migrates from the home country to find a
secure place where they can spend lives peacefully. Recently, the increasing pace of globalization
has prompted migrant workers to move from one country to another. Canada is a preferred country
for immigrants from developing and poor nations. Since founding of the country, Canada has always
allowed rather encouraged migration with the dual objective of expanding country's population and
to ensure an expanding and vibrant economy. Most of the Canadian governments in the past have
pursued polices to accomplish these objectives (Kelley & Trebilcock 36–39) The current criteria for
migration in Canada was established during 1960s called the 'point system'. The system requires
assigning points to interested migrants for their education level, labor experience in specific
occupations where the country faces shortages, and the ability to speak national language, to name
some important features. The potential migrants– if meet the criteria– are allowed for admission to
Canada (Kelley & Trebilcock 36–39). In this way, Canadian government ensures that migrant
workers have necessary language skills and work experience so they can serve in the labor market
without presenting

Labor Market in Singapore
Introduction
Since Singapore gained its independence in 1965, its economy had progressed due to globalization,
rapid technological advances and the rise of China and India. With these different stages of
development, Singapore's labor market had adapted itself by transforming from a labor abundant
and capital limited city into a labor deficient and capital rich country (Chia 2005). Singapore is now
a popular export–manufacturing base, regional headquarter for foreign multinational company and a
financial centre (Chia 2005). The industrial structure has also progressed from a labor intensive
export manufacturing to a capital and technology intensive manufacturing, which hence provided
capabilities to compete globally not only for its ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With the demand for more educated workers, it in turn encouraged the returns to higher levels of
education, resulting an increase in the return to university education in 2004 as compared to 2001
(Yeo et al. 2007). Therefore the labor structure in Singapore had evolved into one having a more
skilled and multi–lingual workforce as compared to the past.
Aging Population
Singapore has one of the fastest aging populations due to the lack of babies, this consequently led to
the slow down in the growth of Singapore's labor force. Recent research had also found that
Singaporean life expectancy had increase from 61 years old in 1957 to today average life
expectancy of 80 years old. In order to ensure that these senior citizens have enough savings for
their old age, the government in Singapore had encouraged them to stay employed and work longer
(Sprinter 2007). To achieve this, the government planed to legislate re–employment for older
workers to work beyond 62 to 67 (Sprinter 2007). With the support from WDA in helping
companies to redesign jobs and give training for older workers, actions by Tripartite Committee in
recommending Employability of Older Workers and nevertheless the upcoming legislation and
incentives provided by the government, we will be expecting to see more older workers in the
workforce as compare to the past. The result of these efforts had been publicized by NTUC (2007),
which shows that the

Crisis Hiring
What is the difference between recruiting and retaining skilled labour and unskilled manual labour ?
Skilled Labor
Skilled labor refers to labor that requires workers who have specialized training or a learned skill–
set to perform the work. These workers can be either blue–collar or white–collar workers, with
varied levels of training or education. Very highly skilled workers may fall under the category of
professionals, rather than skilled labor, such as doctors and lawyers. Examples of skilled labor
occupations are: electricians, law enforcement officers, computer operators, financial technicians,
and administrative assistants. Some skilled labor jobs have become so specialized that there are
worker shortages.
Unskilled Labor ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Keep up with the compensation statistics in your industry and make sure you're paying competitive
salaries, maybe just a bit better than the industry average. 6. Provide them the necessary resources to
excel in their job and projects. 7. Become their advocate–pave their way to the top by
communicating their value to others in your organization, especially top decision–makers. 8. Ask
them for meaningful input, listen intently, and act on their ideas. 9. Provide them autonomy–get out
of their way, don't micromanage them.
How should a company like Winpak determine which employees should be promoted? * Promote
people are qualified. Employees are promoted because they are doing an excellent job in their
current positions. And also when an employee has the ability to manage effectively. That means that
all of your personal biases about employees must be put in another side when making promotional
decisions. * Create a basic checklist that lists the criteria you're looking for in a well–qualified
candidate. For example, your checklist may include "Meets customer service expectations;
consistently meets sales goals; works well with co–workers; demonstrates leadership ability and
learns quickly" with a checkbox next to each item. Check off each item that the employee meets. *
Reward for good performance, for example, positive appraisal. Before a company promotes an
employee to a particular

Impact Of Labor Force In The 21st Century
There is a great change going on in employment trend and labor force in the U.S. in 21st century
because of aging, diversity immigrants and few other factors and it's a dramatic change, from 1950
to 2050. This massive demographic change has an impact on the number of people working or
people looking for work. In the beginning of 21st century the demand for labor force has increased
which is one of the main source for growth and economic progress. Growth rate in population and
labor force has changed the trend in employment today compare to 1950. Today more older people
are working, its more diversified and more women are involved at workplace. There are going to be
significant changes in coming years compare to past 50 years. For example, labor growth rate will
be less than what we had in past 50 years. As per the Mitra Toossi's article "A century of change: the
U.S. labor force, 1950–2015", 'The high growth rate of civilian labor force in the past 50 years will
be replaced by much lower growth rates in the next 50 years'. The main reason to this slowdown in
growth of the labor force is high tech innovation which is reducing the demand of traditional labor
force.
Another demographic change in the employment trend is the change in gender structure. We have
seen more number of women at workplace compare past 50 years and their number at work place
are increasing very fast. This change came because of equal rights to women at workplace plus they
are more involved with their

Stem : The H 1b Controversy Essay
STEM: The H–1B Controversy In recent years, there has been a push for reform in the fields of
science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM), which are known as the basis for
innovation and advancement on a global scale. These fields serve as a vital tool in America's
technological leadership, national security, and economic growth, making the federal government
and policymakers invested in the success of STEM education and its workforce. This movement
gained momentum when three reports concerning STEM were published within a five–month period
in 2005. Innovate America, Tapping America's Potential, and Rising Above the Gathering Storm
argue that America needs to improve its STEM policies so it is able to adequately compete in the
global economy. These reports stress the issue of the declining competitiveness of America in STEM
by using its performance on international assessment rankings and measuring its education
attainment as compared to other nations. Other issues presented by these reports focus on the
domestic problems of STEM, such as teacher quality and achievement gaps between racial and
ethnic groups. The potential shortage in the STEM workforce and the effect of foreign students on
both degree production and labor supply are two major areas of concern for analysts that are
attempting to measure America's potential in STEM. Proponents of STEM argue that foreign
workers should be brought in on H–1B visas to address America's proclaimed labor supply

Economic Benefits Of Immigration
Introduction
Workers are always searching for a higher paying job to help support themselves and their families,
even if it means moving to a different country. Economic benefit is one the main reasons why
people would immigrant to the US. Others may seek economic losses if it meant that they would
gain political freedom or reunification with their families. The US has historically been an
immigration country, with new waves coming from different regions throughout generations. The
first wave occurred in the 19th century which consisted of mostly Northern European, while
southern and Eastern European came in the late 19th century to early 20th century. In the 1920's
quotas were put into place in an attempt to preserve the ethnic composition of the country. The 1965
Immigration Act got rid of these quotas in the eastern hemisphere and put an emphasis on family
reunification by having a visa system for immigrants put in place. This act changed US policy which
had previously discriminated against non–northern Europeans. By implementing this policy and
many others after, there has been a large increase in immigration of less–skilled workers into the
US. For example, the Immigration Act of 1990 again focused on family reunification, employment–
based immigrants and diversity of immigrants. By taking in all these immigrants, there are both
costs and benefits that do occur. Benefits can range from boosting the American economy to
increasing in specialization of immigrant's

Closing The Skills Gap Of A Global Market
Closing the Skills Gap in a Global Market
By Andrea Watkins
Dec 28, 2011
There is a shortage of good technology talent. It is impossible to find engineers. If you are in
staffing, you have more than likely noticed the common themes in current industry publications.
Are these themes fact or fiction? The answer depends on your point of view, and more importantly,
the ability of your company and its resources to maximize talent. As many organizations race to
'globalize, ' their human resource partners are left to create workforce plans and talent management
strategies based on conjecture. Organizations are realizing that there are gaps and challenges their
current structure cannot overcome.
Organizations need a plan; they need to build roadmaps and swiftly implement the changes.
However, before building a plan, solid data are required. The sheer amount of data at our disposal
can be paralyzing at times, and organizations need to be able to sift them and find the salient
information they require. There are several facts that are currently indisputable for certain categories
of knowledge workers, especially technology professionals and engineers.
The U.S. will face a decline in the full–time workforce as the baby boomer population ages; Europe
will face a similar retirement spike in the face of a declining population. In both western markets,
the number of skilled occupations is growing, while the graduate populations stay relatively flat. For
example, the number of

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