Describe at least 3 adverse conditions caused by toxicants that enter the pulmonary system.
Make sure you include how each condition adversely affects the pulmonary system.
Solution
pulmonary system brings oxygen into the body and remove toxic gases Nasal cavity and throat
of upper airway brings 21% oxygen into the body Trachea,bronchi and bronchioles a branching
structure of airways carries air into the body Balance between oxygen and carbon dioxide in the
blood regulates pulmonary respiration Pulmonary toxicity is due to chemotherapy for cancer and
several medicinal drugs lead to pulmonary toxicity RADIATION(radiotherapy)used for cancer
treatment may also be highly effective AIR POLLUTION effects the respiratory system greatly
and air quality has an impact on lungs.In addition to oxygen, air contains pollutants which are
very harmful to health Cells of lung tissue damaged by this air pollutants such as ozone,metals
and free radicals OZONE can cause damage to alveoli i.e.,air sac grapelike structure which is
located at the end of bronchioles.Blood vessels surround these alveoli and carry blood cells and
mainly exchange of oxygen and carbondioxide takes place due to alveoli by diffusion Cigarette
smoking,long term exposure to industrial chemicals are leading causes of pulmonary disease
Lungs face continual exposure to pathogens,they are vulnerable to viral,bacterial and fungal
infections Aerobic conditioning through physical excercising regularly ,no smoking,maintaining
health weight are major factors keep lung functioning effectively Toxic gases penetrate
functional layers of fluid to reach tissue Diffusion of these toxicants with non toxic gases
(nitrogen,oxygen,carbon dioxide and water vapour).Inhaled toxicants pass through lungs ,reach
capillaries and other tissues through blood Irritant gases such as chlorine,sulphur
dioxide,ozone,nitrogen and ammonia effect mostly the respiratory track and also effects sinus
cavity These irritant substances also enters peripheral portion of lung causes inflammation Acute
bronchitis caused by dusts,fumes from certain organic compounds and environmental irritants.
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL course material by Prof S S JAHAGIRDAR,NKOCET,SOLAPUR for BE (CIVIL ) students of Solapur university. Content will be also useful for SHIVAJI and PUNE university students
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL course material by Prof S S JAHAGIRDAR,NKOCET,SOLAPUR for BE (CIVIL ) students of Solapur university. Content will be also useful for SHIVAJI and PUNE university students
CHRONIC OBUSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE POWER POINT.pptxAgbaMakuochi
This describes a whole lot more of what Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is with their pathophysiology and management both medical and nursing management
Air pollution and it's effects on human healthDivyaBhargavi7
Air pollutions has many adverse effects on human . Many complication include respiratory and cardiovascular complications . So plant a tree try to reduce air pollution. Be a responsible citizen plant a tree save a life .
how can you solve system of equations by graphingSolutionEach.pdfarshicollection001
how can you solve system of equations by graphing?
Solution
Each equation represents a line on a graph (for 2 dimensions). The solution you are searching for
is the intersection of the lines. There are three possible outcomes: 1) The lines intersect and the
corresponding x,y coordinates are the solution to the system of equations. 2) The lines are
parallel and the system is what we call inconsistent meaning there is no solution. 3) Lastly the
equations could represent the exact same line, which means that they intersect everywhere and
the solution is the entire line..
If it is legitimate, what are acceptable and unacceptable methods of.pdfarshicollection001
If it is legitimate, what are acceptable and unacceptable methods of rebellion?
Solution
Rabat – For a rebellion against a government to be useful and to benefit people, it should be
legitimate in the sense that it should at least be morally and politically right.
Morally, it should be against injustice, and politically it should be for the benefit of the people
and not to the benefit of an elite, political group, or military junta. In other words, it should be
for the long term benefit of the nation. History shows us that revolutions often lead to positive
post-revolutionary political systems, such as the case of France after the 1789 revolution.The
abolition of the Old Regime and the Declaration of the rights of Man and the Citizen are legacies
which constructed modern democratic France. These positive changes brought through popular
rebellion can be contrasted with disastrous results such as in the case of the Bolshevik revolution
which led to state totalitarianism disguised under the name of communism.
That said, citizens should have a legitimate right of rebellion against governments who
deliberately do not protect their personal security because such governments lose their political
and moral legitimacy in failing to protect the security of the nation. This will be supported by the
following ideas: First, the fundamental reason for the existence of governments is to protect the
security of the people. Second, one should assess whether that government voluntarily or
involuntarily does not protect the security of its citizens (a despotic and corrupt government
which fails to protect security of the people should not be assessed the same way as a
government supported by the people but which fails to protect the latter because of other factors
such as war or external threats). Finally, it is the right of the people to revolt against their
government because governments should not have a higher importance than the people. In fact,
the people are the raison d’etre of the government or state.
As mentioned above, the fundamental reason for the existence of the state is to protect the
security of the people. If not, what is the state’s purpose? To be at the service of a political or
financial elite? Such as what we witness in a number of nation-states? In western political theory
at least this fact is not desirable. In Hobbes’ canons, the sovereign’s existence is meant to take
human being’s out on an undesirable state of nature which is a ‘war of all against all’ (Hobbes)
and to introduce the latter in a civil society where security is guaranteed by the sovereign. That
is, a society where government guarantees security, stability ‘and happy life as far as it is
possible’ (Hobbes).
Some would argue that these values of justice and equality are desired by the people only in the
western liberal world. It will be argued here that the opposite is true. Justice and equality is a
universal aspiration. This can be proved by analyzing current world affai.
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CHRONIC OBUSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE POWER POINT.pptxAgbaMakuochi
This describes a whole lot more of what Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is with their pathophysiology and management both medical and nursing management
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how can you solve system of equations by graphingSolutionEach.pdfarshicollection001
how can you solve system of equations by graphing?
Solution
Each equation represents a line on a graph (for 2 dimensions). The solution you are searching for
is the intersection of the lines. There are three possible outcomes: 1) The lines intersect and the
corresponding x,y coordinates are the solution to the system of equations. 2) The lines are
parallel and the system is what we call inconsistent meaning there is no solution. 3) Lastly the
equations could represent the exact same line, which means that they intersect everywhere and
the solution is the entire line..
If it is legitimate, what are acceptable and unacceptable methods of.pdfarshicollection001
If it is legitimate, what are acceptable and unacceptable methods of rebellion?
Solution
Rabat – For a rebellion against a government to be useful and to benefit people, it should be
legitimate in the sense that it should at least be morally and politically right.
Morally, it should be against injustice, and politically it should be for the benefit of the people
and not to the benefit of an elite, political group, or military junta. In other words, it should be
for the long term benefit of the nation. History shows us that revolutions often lead to positive
post-revolutionary political systems, such as the case of France after the 1789 revolution.The
abolition of the Old Regime and the Declaration of the rights of Man and the Citizen are legacies
which constructed modern democratic France. These positive changes brought through popular
rebellion can be contrasted with disastrous results such as in the case of the Bolshevik revolution
which led to state totalitarianism disguised under the name of communism.
That said, citizens should have a legitimate right of rebellion against governments who
deliberately do not protect their personal security because such governments lose their political
and moral legitimacy in failing to protect the security of the nation. This will be supported by the
following ideas: First, the fundamental reason for the existence of governments is to protect the
security of the people. Second, one should assess whether that government voluntarily or
involuntarily does not protect the security of its citizens (a despotic and corrupt government
which fails to protect security of the people should not be assessed the same way as a
government supported by the people but which fails to protect the latter because of other factors
such as war or external threats). Finally, it is the right of the people to revolt against their
government because governments should not have a higher importance than the people. In fact,
the people are the raison d’etre of the government or state.
As mentioned above, the fundamental reason for the existence of the state is to protect the
security of the people. If not, what is the state’s purpose? To be at the service of a political or
financial elite? Such as what we witness in a number of nation-states? In western political theory
at least this fact is not desirable. In Hobbes’ canons, the sovereign’s existence is meant to take
human being’s out on an undesirable state of nature which is a ‘war of all against all’ (Hobbes)
and to introduce the latter in a civil society where security is guaranteed by the sovereign. That
is, a society where government guarantees security, stability ‘and happy life as far as it is
possible’ (Hobbes).
Some would argue that these values of justice and equality are desired by the people only in the
western liberal world. It will be argued here that the opposite is true. Justice and equality is a
universal aspiration. This can be proved by analyzing current world affai.
Health workers working with diphtheria commonly receive a serum with.pdfarshicollection001
Health workers working with diphtheria commonly receive a serum with antibodies against the
pathogen.? What type of immunity would be?
1.passive artificial immunity
2.active, natural immunity
3.passive, natural immunity
Solution
Answer:
1.passive artificial immunity
Passive artificial immunity can be induced artificially when antibodies are given as a medication
to a nonimmune individual. These antibodies may come from the pooled and purified blood
products of immune people or from non-human immune animals, such as horses. In fact, the
earliest antibody-containing preparations used against infectious diseases came from horses,
sheep, and rabbits..
How might researchers use the lac operon control regions through rec.pdfarshicollection001
How might researchers use the lac operon control regions through recombinant technology?
Solution
The process if Recombinant DNA technology takes place with the artificial union of DNA
molecules which can come from two or more different sources.This union takes place in a
nonhomologous fashion. Moreover it allows the various researchers can use this teachnology to
give the various unrelated organisms -the ability to express new phenotypes.This can be done for
a variety of different purposes.
The use of lac operon control is very important.In humans, the insulin usually comprises of two
polypeptides which are usually coded for by two different genes. Moreover the researchers
usually insert these set of genes into the lac operon of E. coli.This usually happens after a
nucleotide triplet as this triplet codes for the amino acid methionine. This means that the
recombined bacterium which is formed begins to produce humulin and this takes place in the
presence of lactose,Now the lac operon is very important as it controls the production of
enzymes which are always necessary for the processes of transporting and catabolism of this
sugar..
Find a polynomial of degree four with integer coefficients and no rea.pdfarshicollection001
Find a polynomial of degree four with integer coefficients and no real roots such that i/2 is a
root.
Solution
The polynomial ( x - i) ( x + i) ( x - i/2) ( x + i/2 ) has no real roots.Its roots are i/2, - i/2, i and - i.
On expansion, the polynomial is ( x2 - i2 ) ( x2 - i2/ 4) or, ( x2 + 1)(x2+ 1/4) 0r, x4 + (5/4) x2 +
1/4 Apparently, the other roots here are, -i/2 , i and -i..
Explain what an intervention is and how it fits into the organiz.pdfarshicollection001
Explain what an \"intervention\" is and how it fits into the organizational development process.
What are the key considerations when deciding on an intervention?
Describe how OD interventions need to be adapted to fit different cultural contexts. Explain.
Please write a nice paragraph not a list
Solution
What does \"intervention\" mean?
Is an organization\'s effort composed by structured activities executed by individuals and work
teams to increase the changes viability and effectiveness. It is seeking to improve productivity,
performance or behaviors that employees do and how they do it. The OD Interventions are
designed to solve a problem or to reach a goal.
How does it fit into the organizational development process?
They are indispensable, because Organizational Development Process is sustained in change
promotion, and the interventions are a way to achieve it. Without change is not possible
development into the organization.
What are the key considerations when deciding on an intervention?
If It is dealing with an specific problem, that requires to act quickly, to have it identified, what
kind of problem is, which area (Planning, team performance, communication, cultural, among
others). Later, depending of the subject, to design carefully the intervention, taking into account
team functionality focusing in groups as channels, sharing responsibilities in decision making
process, promote cooperation and trust, putting employees first and improving control
mechanism, are some of the key issues to considerate to implement an intervention.
Describe how OD interventions need to be adapted to fit different cultural contexts.
The cultural context included values, behaviors, beliefs and norms of members of the
organization, if the intervention implies a confrontation with this frame; then it is going to find
opposition by the groups. Having this in mind, interventions success depends of its ability to
promote philosophical values according the goals to achieve, or of to be coherent with the
current culture, first option is more ambitious..
Describe how to open a file in Excel What is the difference between.pdfarshicollection001
Describe how to open a file in Excel? What is the difference between opening a file and creating
a new file in Excel?
Solution
Opening a file in Excel:
If there is a existing file in excel, it can be opened by following procedure:
Click “Microsoft Office Button”.
All programs will be visible.
Click “ File explore”
Select the location where the file exists ( eg. Desktop, downloads, C-drive , E drive).
Lick on the location.
All files and folders available in the location will be visible.
Select the file you want to open.
Double click on the file.
The file will open.
If the file is in a folder.
Click on the folder, the file will be visible.
Select the file and double click on the file to open it.
Creating a file:
Creating a file means , a file does not exist. It needs to be created.
A file which already exists with a file name , it can be opened. Generally such files will contain
data.
Creating a file means entering data in the file, giving it a file name and saving it in some location
like desk top or in drive.
To create a file ,
Click “Microsoft Office Button”.
Select “Microsoft Office Excel”
Click on Microsoft Office Excel
A new window will open for excel file.
Fill in required data. Save the file and give the it a file name.
Describe the role of plasmids in horizontal (lateral) gene transfer .pdfarshicollection001
Describe the role of plasmids in horizontal (lateral) gene transfer in bacteria.
Solution
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) refers to lateral movement of genes or genetic material between
unicellar or multicellular organisms, having important role in evolution. In prokaryotes, this
HGT happens by transformation, transduction or by conjugation. Plasmids play an important role
in bacterial conjugation. During conjugation the donor bacteria transfers a conjugative genetic
element to the recipient. This genetic material is mostly a plasmid. It is the process by which the
transfer of DNA takes place via a plasmid from a donor cell to the recipient cell, through cell to
cell contact.
This mode of gene transfer is common in many bacterial strains. The contact between the donor
and recipient is stable and the DNA transferred to the recipient gets incorporated in its
chromosome by the process of homologous recombination or inserion. Cell-to-cell contact
occurs by F-pilus. Through this pilus, a copy of F- (fertility) plasmid transfers to a cell that does
not contain the plasmid or F-plasmid sometimes even gets integrated in chromosome of its
bacterial host (forming Hfr). This new incorporated DNA may recombine with that of its new
host resulting in new gene variants. Some plasmids encode for antibiotic-resistance genes, which
are transferred through HGT to other populations of bacteria by conjugation. Thus HGT becomes
an evolutionary force for creating diversity within bacterial species..
Correlation and regression are two closely related topics in statisti.pdfarshicollection001
Correlation and regression are two closely related topics in statistics. For each of the following
statements, indicate whether the statement is true of correlation, true of regression, true of both
correlation and regression, or true of neither correlation nor regression.
Solution
1) neither
2) regression
3) both correlation and regression.
As tawny crazy ants (Nylanderia fulva) invade the southern United Sta.pdfarshicollection001
As tawny crazy ants (Nylanderia fulva) invade the southern United States, they often displace
imported fire ants (Solenopsis invicta). After exposure to S. invicta venom, N. fulva applies
abdominal exocrine gland secretions to its cuticle. Bioassays reveal that detoxify S. these invicta
venom. Further, formic acid from N. fulva venom is the detoxifying agent. N. fulva exhibits this
detoxification behavior after conflict with a variety of ant species; however, it expresses it most
intensely after interactions with S. invicta. This behavior may have evolved in their shared South
American native range. The capacity to detoxify a major competitors venom probably
contributes substantially to its ability to displace s. invicta populations, making this behavior a
causative agent in the ecological transformation of regional arthropod assemblages.
Solution
Explanation:-
1. The scientific name of tawny crazy ants is Nylanderia fulva (N.fulva).
2. The N. fulva invade the Southern united states, and they have displaced Solenopsis invicta
(Fire ants).
3. When the S. invicta venom comes in contact with N. fulva, it secretes certain secretions form
the abdominal(relating to stomach) exocrine gland to its S.invicta cuticle(outer covering).
Bioassay (measurement of the concentration) reveals that the secretion from N.fulva detoxify
(removes toxin) from the S.invicta.
4. Usually, the formic acid is present in the secretion which acts as detoxifying agent.
5. N.fulva exhibits this detoxification behaviour with other ants as well but the intensity is most
with S. invicta. This may be due to their same habitat i.e. American native range.
6. The capacity of N.fulva to detoxify S.invicta shows its ability to displace S.invicta population..
According to the USA Snapshot “Knowing drug addicts” 40 of American.pdfarshicollection001
According to the USA Snapshot “Knowing drug addicts” 40% of Americans know somebody
who became addicted to a drug other than alcohol. Assuming this to be true, what is the
probability that out of a group of 20 randomly selected Americans: a. Exactly 10 know
somebody who became addicted to a drug? b. At most 10 know somebody who became addicted
to a drug? c. More than 10 know somebody who became addicted to a drug?
Solution.
A project has the following cash flows What is the projects NPV i.pdfarshicollection001
A project has the following cash flows: What is the project\'s NPV if the interest rate is $6%? 0 1
2 3 ($500) $100 $200 $310?
Solution
Present value of inflows=cash inflow*Present value of discounting factor(rate%,time period)
=100/1.06+200/1.06^2+310/1.06^3
=$532.62(Approx)
NPV=Present value of inflows-Present value of outflows
=$532.62-$500
=$32.62(Approx).
A study of cats and dogs found that 11 of 50 cats and 21 of 50 dogs .pdfarshicollection001
A study of cats and dogs found that 11 of 50 cats and 21 of 50 dogs slept more than 10 hours per
day. At the ? = .01 level of significance, is there sufficient evidence to conclude that a difference
exists between the proportion of cats and the proportion of dogs that sleep more than 10 hours
per day?
Complete the output to include the following steps: the null and alternative hypothesis, the z -
value, the p-value, and make a decision whether to reject H0 or not to reject H0 and write a valid
conclusion based on the claim or the test.
Solution
p1=11/50 =0.22
p2= 21/50 = 0.42
Null hypothesis: p1=p2
Alternative hypothesis: p1 not equal to p2
The test statistic is
Z=(p1-p2)/sqrt(p1*(1-p1)/n1+p2*(1-p2)/n2)
=(0.22-0.42)/sqrt(0.22*(1-0.22)/50+0.42*(1-0.42)/50)
=-2.19
It is a two-tailed test.
So the p-value= 2*P(Z<-2.19) = 0.0285 (from standard normal table)
Since the p-value is larger than 0.01, we do not reject Ho.
So we can not conclude that a difference exists between the proportion of cats and the proportion
of dogs that sleep more than 10 hours per day.
1.) What is the best definition of social inequalitysocial inequa.pdfarshicollection001
1.) What is the best definition of social inequality?
social inequality means that some people rely on food stamps and welfare more than others
social inequality means that some people have less income than others
social inequality describes a situation in which poverty and unemployment are persistent
problems
social inequality means that people have unequal access to valued resources in society
2.) Which of the following is true about intentional deception in research?
Researchers are exempt from lawsuits as long as they are using deception to learn about the
human condition
Participants could be harmed if they are not properly informed about the nature of the study
Research participants who intentionally deceive researchers may be banned from participating in
future research
All of the above
3.) A sociologist conducts research on the ways in which Hispanic American students are
historically underprivileged in the American education system. Which theoretical approach is the
sociologist using?
Conflict Theory
Ethnocentrism
Symbolic Interactionism
Structural Functionalism
4.) Karl Marx was a pioneer of the structural functionalism perspective of sociology
True
False
5.) When a researcher immerses her or himself in a culture over an extended period of time in
order to gain a close and intimate familiarity with a group of individuals and their practices, this
is called what?
Geneology
Participant observation
Cultural analysis
Ethnic Observation
6.) In his book Suicide, Durkheim sought to explain how religious affiliation related to suicide.
According to Durkheim, which of the following is true?
Suicide is the final step for religious conversion
Protestants are less likely than any other group to commit suicide
Catholic laws weakened social bonds among protestants
The looser social ties found in protestant religions lead to less social integration and higher rates
of suicide
7.) In order to be value-neutral, sociologists must be aware of their own moral judgments and
values, and avoid incorporating them into their research, their conclusions, and their teaching.
True
False
social inequality means that some people rely on food stamps and welfare more than others
social inequality means that some people have less income than others
social inequality describes a situation in which poverty and unemployment are persistent
problems
social inequality means that people have unequal access to valued resources in society
Solution
Ques-1: answer: social inequality means that people have unequal access to valued resources in
society
Reason:
Social inequality means that people have unequal access to valued resources, government
resources & government positions in society therefore, according to capitalism, libertarianism,
goods and government services must be equally distributed for social justice & social equality to
improve economy of the communities for instance, if 5% of the people should not hold entire
economy of the wealth. Therefore, it is crucial to .
What is the endothelium part of the tunica externa in arteries amp.pdfarshicollection001
What is the endothelium? part of the tunica externa in arteries ample squamous epithelium that
is in contact with the blood the internal elastic membrane that has fenestrae concentric \"holey\"
(laminae) of elastic connective tissue interspersed between smooth muscle layers of the tunica
media Blood vessels of the large arteries and veins that are greater than 1mm in diameter are
called the lamina propria anastomoses fenestrae metarterioles vasavasorum sinusoids Select
all of the following that are TRUE of muscular arteries. largest diameter arteries subclavian
artery is an example the tunica media has more smooth muscle than elastic fibers they are also
referred to as distributing arteries they contain both the internal elastic membrane and the
external elastic membrane proportionately, has the thickest tunica media of ail vessels common
iliac artery is an example Find the correct statement regarding our capillaries. capillaries that
have tight junctions between endothelial cells, making them less permeable to large molecules
than other capillary types are referred to as sinusoidal capillaries or discontinuous capillaries
continuous capillaries are found in the endocrine glands where large molecules cross the
capillary walls fenestrated capillaries are the most common type of capillaries the distal portion
of the metarteriole that has no smooth muscle is called a thoroughfare channel Select all of the
TRUE statements regarding our blood vessels. arterioles can be called our \"resistance vessels\"
because this is where blood encounters its creates! decline in blood pressure b a venous
anastomosis is where two or more veins dram an area in common there are about 10 billion
capillaries. yet only about 5% of our blood is in them at any one time venules have only the
tunica internal and the tunica external, they have NO tunica media about 40% of the blood is in
veins at any given time capillaries are known as blood reservoirs for extra blood veins of the
appendages that are greater than 2 mm in diameter have valves made of fold in the intima and are
similar to shape and function of the semilunar valves compared to their companion arteries,
veins have a very thick tunica intima which contains an internal elastic membrane, a thin tunica
mod a with no external elastic membrane and a vety tunica adventitia (externa)
Solution
1. Endothelium is:
b. simple squamous cells that is in contact with the blood
2. Vasa vasorum
3. Tunica media has more smooth muscles than elastic fibers
They are also called distributing artery
4. The distal portion of the metarteriole that has no smooth muscle is called a thoroughfare
channel.
Which statement is true (more than one may be selected)a) Substan.pdfarshicollection001
Which statement is true? (more than one may be selected)
a) Substances that release protons when they dissolve in water are termed bases and result in a
pH higher than 7.
b) Substances that release protons when they dissolve in water are termed acids and result in a
pH higher than 7.
c) Bases (alkali) are any aqueous environments where the proton content decreases and the pH
increases.
d) Acids are any aqueous environments where the proton content increases and the pH decreases.
e) Substances that release protons when they dissolve in water are termed acids and result in a
pH lower than 7.
Solution
Ans. Which statement is true? (more than one may be selected)
a) Substances that release protons when they dissolve in water are termed bases and result in a
pH higher than 7. Incorrect- it is an acid
b) Substances that release protons when they dissolve in water are termed acids and result in a
pH higher than 7. Incorrect- it is “pH lower than 7”
c) Bases (alkali) are any aqueous environments where the proton content decreases and the pH
increases.
d) Acids are any aqueous environments where the proton content increases and the pH decreases.
e) Substances that release protons when they dissolve in water are termed acids and result in a
pH lower than 7. Correct option
Correct option: E
Explanation: Acid is a molecule or ion that donates proton.
An aqueous environment may facilitate acceptance or release of proton to/from a molecule, but
the environment can’t be termed an acid or base because it does not represent a specific molecule
or ion. For example, adding HCl to NaCl solution (say, normal saline) cause donation of proton
from HCl molecule to the solution. Here, NaCl- the aqueous environment, accept a proton- BUT
NaCl solution is NOT a base because it does NOT represent a specific molecule or ion. So, for
being an acid or base- it must be a molecule or ion, NOT an aqueous environment. Though H2O
(water) alone can act as acid or base depending on the acid/base added to it; but the term
‘aqueous environment’ is NOT exclusive for water. So, it can’t be treated as an acid or base.
Therefore, options C, D are incorrect.
pH = - log [H]. Addition of an acid to water (solvent) cause an increase in [H+] ions in water
because acid donates proton to water. Increase in [H+] lowers the pH , i.e. pH is reduced below
7.0; say pH lowered from 7.0 to 4.0. Thus “Substances that release protons when they dissolve in
water are termed acids and result in a pH lower than 7.”
So, options A, B are incorrect..
Write down the reaction for the catabolism of ATP Does that occ.pdfarshicollection001
Write down the reaction for the catabolism of ATP: Does that occur by dehydration or
hydrolysis? Is energy released or required when ATP is broken down?
Solution
Answer:
ATP catabolism:
ATP + 2H2O ----------> ADP + Pi (inorganic phosphate) + Energy (G = -30.5 kJ/mol of ATP)
The above reaction is hydrolysis. It is an energy yielding process.
ATP hydrolysis, water is used to split apart ATP to create ADP (adenosine diphosphate) to get
energy..
48. The figure above shows the graph of a polynomial function f. What.pdfarshicollection001
48. The figure above shows the graph of a polynomial function f. What is the least possible
degree of f (A) Two (B) Three (C) Four (D) Five (E) Six
Solution
This has three bumps , it\'s an even-degree polynomial (being \"up\" on both ends), and the zero
in the middle is an even-multiplicity zero. Also, the bump in the middle looks flattened, so this is
probably a zero of multiplicity 4 or more. With the two other zeroes looking like multiplicity-1
zeroes, this is a likely graph for a sixth-degree polynomial.
Option E is the correct answer
six.
The following sequence alignment between several species shows many c.pdfarshicollection001
The following sequence alignment between several species shows many conserved residues that
may take part in the catalytic function. The mutants R292G and R292A of the Ar-BVMO
monooxygenase enzyme showed very small residual activities compared to the wild type
enzyme. What is the catalytic role of this arginine residue considering the enzyme reaction
mechanism?
Solution
ANS:
Baeyer–Villiger monooxygenases (BVMOs):
It is a flavin-containing enzyme, which are mainly participates in specific catalytic Baeyer-
Villiger oxidation. In this reaction the carbonyl moiety of the substance was oxidized. This
protein helps in conversion of ketones into esters and lactones. Heteroatom oxidations (nitrogen
and sulfur) are also catalyzed by BVMO enzymes.
All BVMO enzymes can incorporate one oxygen atom into the substrate (oxygen atom inserts
into C–C bond) while converting the other oxygen into water.
Arginine importance inBVMO:
The protein arginine residue reacts with Alfa or Beta dicarbonyl compounds to form cyclic
derivatives.
The active sites of Arginine 292 residue can catalysis Ar-BVMO in Baeyer-Villiger reactions. so
due to this activity arginine is crucial for Baeyer-Villiger reactions.
The active site Arginine 292 is required for its Baeyer Villiger activity. If the amino acids
glycine or alanine are replaced in the place of arginine 292 the enzyme activity is greatly reduced
or no Baeyer-Villiger activity.
Mutants R292A and R292G have no BV activity while still maintaining their S- and N-
oxygenation capabilities..
Which of the following is a binary operation Why or why not(1) T.pdfarshicollection001
Which of the following is a binary operation? Why or why not?
(1) The natural numbers N under the usual addition operation.
(2) The natural numbers N under the usual subtraction operation.
(3) The integers Z under the absolute value operation.
Solution
1. N is a binary operation
2. N is not a binary operation
3. Z is a binary operation.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Describe at least 3 adverse conditions caused by toxicants that enter.pdf
1. Describe at least 3 adverse conditions caused by toxicants that enter the pulmonary system.
Make sure you include how each condition adversely affects the pulmonary system.
Solution
pulmonary system brings oxygen into the body and remove toxic gases Nasal cavity and throat
of upper airway brings 21% oxygen into the body Trachea,bronchi and bronchioles a branching
structure of airways carries air into the body Balance between oxygen and carbon dioxide in the
blood regulates pulmonary respiration Pulmonary toxicity is due to chemotherapy for cancer and
several medicinal drugs lead to pulmonary toxicity RADIATION(radiotherapy)used for cancer
treatment may also be highly effective AIR POLLUTION effects the respiratory system greatly
and air quality has an impact on lungs.In addition to oxygen, air contains pollutants which are
very harmful to health Cells of lung tissue damaged by this air pollutants such as ozone,metals
and free radicals OZONE can cause damage to alveoli i.e.,air sac grapelike structure which is
located at the end of bronchioles.Blood vessels surround these alveoli and carry blood cells and
mainly exchange of oxygen and carbondioxide takes place due to alveoli by diffusion Cigarette
smoking,long term exposure to industrial chemicals are leading causes of pulmonary disease
Lungs face continual exposure to pathogens,they are vulnerable to viral,bacterial and fungal
infections Aerobic conditioning through physical excercising regularly ,no smoking,maintaining
health weight are major factors keep lung functioning effectively Toxic gases penetrate
functional layers of fluid to reach tissue Diffusion of these toxicants with non toxic gases
(nitrogen,oxygen,carbon dioxide and water vapour).Inhaled toxicants pass through lungs ,reach
capillaries and other tissues through blood Irritant gases such as chlorine,sulphur
dioxide,ozone,nitrogen and ammonia effect mostly the respiratory track and also effects sinus
cavity These irritant substances also enters peripheral portion of lung causes inflammation Acute
bronchitis caused by dusts,fumes from certain organic compounds and environmental irritants
