Analysis of Benzodiazepines, Barbiturates, LSD and Cannabis #TLC#EHRLICH #GCMS #LCMS #DEPRESSANTS #HALLUCINOGENS #ANALYSIS #STAINS #RESEARCH PAPERS

1. ISOLATION,
IDENTIFICATION AND
DETERMINATION OF
DEPRESSANTS AND
HALLUCINOGENS
By Sakshi Tawde &
Pratik Kharat

2. CONTENTS :
Introduction To Depressants
Types of depressants
I. Barbiturates
• Colour Test
• TLC
• GC-MS Analysis
II.Benzodiazepines
• Colour Test
• TLC
• GC-MS Analysis
Introduction To Hallucinogens Their
Identification & Isolation
I. LSD
II. Cannabis
Determination Of Hallucinogens
Bibliography & Acknowledgement

3. Depressant
Barbiturates Benzodiazepines Alcohol Opioids

4. BARBITURATES BENZODIAZEPINE

5. Solution A
Solution B
0.1 g Cobalt (II) Acetate
+
100 ml methanol
+
0.2 ml Glacial Acetic
Acid
5ml Isopropyl
amine
+
95ml Methanol
Dille- Kappoyani Test
S
A
M
P
L
E
2

6. Thin layer Chromatography

7. GC-MS Analysis of Barbiturates

8. Analysis of Phenobarbitone

9. BENZODIAZEPINE

10. Solution A
Solution B
1%(w/v) solution of
2,4-dinitrobenzene in
methanol
15% aqueous
solution of
KOH
Zimmermann Test
S
A
M
P
L
E

11. Benzodiazepines

12. Showing TLC Plate In UV Of 9:1 Chloroform & Acetone TLC Plate After Spraying With Dragenderoff
Reagent In 9:1 Chloroform & Acetone
Thin layer Chromatography

13. LC-MS ANALYSIS

17.  Hallucinogens are a large and
diverse class of psychoactive
drugs that can produce altered
states of consciousness by major
alterations in thought, mood,
and perception.
 They directly act on CNS and has
affinity to bind to serotonin type
2a receptors.
 Serotonin 2a receptors are
primarily expressed on excitatory
pyramidal neurons in the cortex,
influencing their excitability
Hallucinogens

18.  Lysergic acid diethylamide, known
as LSD and is a potent psychedelic
drug with as little as 20 μg capable of
producing a noticeable effect.
LSD
“..affected by a remarkable restlessness,
combined with a slight dizziness. At home I
lay down and sank into a not unpleasant
intoxicated dreamlike state, with eyes closed I
perceived an uninterrupted stream of fantastic
pictures, extraordinary shapes with intense,
kaleidoscopic play of colours”
- ALBERT HOFFMAN

19.  LSD’s effects begin
to be noticed about
30–40 minutes after
ingestion; they peak
2-5 hours later and
may continue for 8-12
hours.
 Researchers
estimated the lethal
oral dose of LSD in
humans to be 100 mg
based on
reported LD50

21. Identification: PDAB Test

23. CANNABIS
Cannabis is a genus of flowering
plants in the family Cannabaceae.
A weed-like species that grows wild
in tropical and temperate parts of
the world.
The psychoactive chemical
compounds found in the resin of the
marijuana plant are known as
cannabinoids.

24. •. These actives are lipophilic, and its metabolites are detected in urine in form of 11-Nor-9-carboxy-
THC
• IDENTIFICATION -A small amount of residue is spotted on filter paper and a very small amount solid Fast blue B
reagent (solid Fast blue B: anhydrous Sodium sulphate in 2.5: 100 ratio) is added and brick red stain is
developed.

27. REFERENCES
Research Papers-
•Forensic Examination of Benzodiazepines: A Case Study by Ritu Malik, Komal Singh, Amit Rawat.
•https://recipe.de/products/benzodiazepines-serum/ - SOP
•Chemical Identification of Cannabinoids in Street Marijuana Samples using 2 Electrospray Ionization FT- ICR Mass
Spectrometry by Iendel R. , Helber B. Costa , Lindamara M. , Letícia C.. DOI: 10.1039/C4AY02355B
•Simultaneous determination of LSD and 2-oxo-3-hydroxy LSD in hair and urine by LC–MS/MS and its application to forensic
cases Moonhee Jang, Jihyun Kim, Inhoi Han, Wonkyung Y DOI : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2015.07.001
BOOKS-
1. Lukasz K, Monika W et al “Thin Layer Chromatography in Drug Analysis”,
Chromatographic Series, Vol 106.
2. E.G Clarke “ Isolation and Identification Of Drugs In Body Fluid” 1983,
Pharmaceutical Press
3. E- PG PATHSHALA “ Analysis of Drugs of Abuse” Forensic Module , Paper 9,
Module 25- Colour Test Identification