Introduction Clinical application of images + Case documentation + Laboratory communication + Patient education + Dental education Dental photography Preoperative photography + Extraoral photography # Full face- front and profile # Dentofacial smile # Close-up lip photographs Intraoral photography # Occlusal photographs # Full dentition retracted view (Front & Lateral) - Teeth slightly open & in occlusion # Maxillary Anterior teeth Postoperative photography Features of camera + Lenses # Close-Up photography lenses (Macro lenses) # Alternatives to Macro lenses + Focal length + Working distance + Magnification ratio Principle-based photography concepts + Exposure control # Factors affecting exposure control # Exposure modes + White balance + Depth of field Camera system equipment + Classification of camera based on a recording of the image + Most common types of camera currently available # Digital Single-lens reflex camera (DSLR) # Pocket-sized cameras # Portable electronic devices How to select a camera Important features in choosing an SLR camera + Lenses + Number of pixels + Functions + Available cameras for dental photography Understanding lighting + Flashes # Ring flash versus Point source flash + Accessories for Smartphone + How to modify the light system? + F-Stop and Flash setting Accessories for Intraoral photography + Retractors + Photographic mirror + Contrasters Basic general photographic technique Technical problems area + Camera + Film + Developing Image management + File format and compression Summery Conclusion References

1. Dental Photography
Presented by:
Dr Urvashi Sodvadiya (II MDS)

2. ⌂Introduction
⌂Clinical application of images
+ Case documentation
+ Laboratory communication
+ Patient education
+ Dental education
⌂Dental photography
⌂ Preoperative photography
+ Extraoral photography
# Full face- front and profile
# Dentofacial smile
# Close-up lip photographs
FLOW CHART

3. + Intraoral photography
# Occlusal photographs
# Full dentition retracted view (Front & Lateral)
- Teeth slightly open & in occlusion
# Maxillary Anterior teeth
⌂ Postoperative photography
⌂Features of camera
+ Lenses
# Close-Up photography lenses (Macro lenses)
# Alternatives to Macro lenses
+ Focal length
+ Working distance
+ Magnification ratio

4. ⌂Principle-based photography concepts
+ Exposure control
# Factors affecting exposure control
# Exposure modes
+ White balance
+ Depth of field
⌂Camera system equipment
+ Classification of camera based on recording of image
+ Most common types of camera currently available
# Digital Single-lens reflex camera (DSLR)
# Pocket-sized cameras
# Portable electronic devices

5. ⌂How to select a camera
• Important features in choosing an SLR camera
+ Lenses
+ Number of pixels
+ Functions
+ Available cameras for dental photography
⌂Understanding lighting
+ Flashes
# Ring flash verses Point source flash
+ Accessories for Smart phone
+ How to modify light system?
+ F-Stop and Flash setting

6. ⌂Accessories for Intraoral photography
+ Retractors
+ Photographic mirror
+ Contrasters
⌂Basic general photographic technique
⌂Technical problems area
+ Camera
+ Film
+ Developing
⌂Image management
+ File format and compression
⌂Summery
⌂Conclusion
⌂References

8. CLINICAL APPLICATIONS
OF
DENTAL PHOTOGRAPHY

9. CASE
DOCUMENTATION
 Great way to reference back
 If one has any questions regarding case during
treatment: need to only look back at the
original images
“ Photographic documentation of
undiagnosed conditions”
Esthetic in dentistry; Ronald E. Goldstein’s Part-1; 3rd Ed.
Ahmad I. Digital dental photography. Part 2: Purposes and uses. British dental journal. 2009 May;206(11):464.

10. LABORATORY COMMUNICATION
Tooth shape, form,
translucency, colour, texture
 Digital Single-lens reflex
camera (DSLR): best option
 No camera capable of
capturing perfect “colour”
without setting
Esthetic in dentistry; Ronald E. Goldstein’s Part-1; 3rd Ed.
Ahmad I. Digital dental photography. Part 2: Purposes and uses. British dental journal. 2009 May;206(11):464.

11. “Seeing is believing”
Stepwise approach to case
presentation: healthy
relationship with patient
PATIENT EDUCATION
Esthetic in dentistry; Ronald E. Goldstein’s Part-1; 3rd Ed.
Ahmad I. Digital dental photography. Part 2: Purposes and uses. British dental journal. 2009 May;206(11):464.

12. DENTAL EDUCATION
Objectives:
Proper treatment planning decision
Collaboration between specialities
Habit of photography: for self-evaluation and to discussion among
colleagues or in large meetings
Esthetic in dentistry; Ronald E. Goldstein’s Part-1; 3rd Ed.
Ahmad I. Digital dental photography. Part 2: Purposes and uses. British dental journal. 2009 May;206(11):464.

13. DENTAL PHOTOGRAPHY

14. FULL FACE- FRONT & LATERAL
Ahmad I. Digital dental photography, part 7: extra-oral set-ups. Br Dent J 2009;207(3):103–10.

15. “VARIETY OF
SMILES”

16. “DENTOFACIAL
SMILES”
FULL NATURAL
SMILE
Right & Left Lateral
views
American Academy of Cosmetic Dentistry. Photographic documentation and evaluation in cosmetic dentistry: a guide to accreditation
photography. Madison, WI: AACD; 2009.

17. CLOSE-UP PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE LIPS
CLOSE-UP DENTAL
PHOTOGRAPH
Esthetic in dentistry; Ronald E. Goldstein’s Part-1; 3rd Ed.

18. UPPER ANTERIOR
TEETH
Frontal and right &
left lateral views
American Academy of Cosmetic Dentistry. Photographic documentation and evaluation in cosmetic dentistry: a guide to accreditation
photography. Madison, WI: AACD; 2009.

19. FOR MAXIILARY ARCH
COMMON
MISTAKES
Esthetic in dentistry; Ronald E. Goldstein’s Part-1; 3rd Ed.

20. FOR MANDIBULAR ARCH
Esthetic in dentistry; Ronald E. Goldstein’s Part-1; 3rd Ed.

21. FULL DENTITION
RETRACTED VIEW
Teeth- apart view In occlusion
American Academy of Cosmetic Dentistry. Photographic documentation and evaluation in cosmetic dentistry: a guide to accreditation
photography. Madison, WI: AACD; 2009.

22. LATERAL PHOTOGRAPHY
American Academy of Cosmetic Dentistry. Photographic documentation and evaluation in cosmetic dentistry: a guide to accreditation
photography. Madison, WI: AACD; 2009.

23. FEATURES OF CAMERA

24. LENSES
2 type: general purpose lens and macro lens
Magnification ratio: proportional to focal length of lens
Macro lens: 1:1 magnification ratio
Available focal length: between 35 to 200 mm
Best lenses for dental photography: between 60, 85 or 100 mm focal length
Comprehensive esthetic dentistry; Florin Lazarescu. 1st Ed
Esthetic in dentistry; Ronald E. Goldstein’s Part-1; 3rd Ed.
Colors in Dentistry. A clinical guide to predictable esthetics; Stephen J Chu. 1st Ed

25. FOCAL LENGTH & WORKING DISTANCE
FOCAL LENGTH: Distance between the film plane and lens when lens
is sharply focused on an object at infinity
WORKING DISTANCE: distance between the lens and subject
3 broad classification:
Short focal length : <35 mm ---- 10 inches
Normal: =50 mm ---- 20 inches
Long: >100 mm ---- 40 inches
Diminishes the difference
between “hills and valleys”
of the face
“Fish eye” look

26. MAGNIFICATION RATIO
Image size
Magnification ratio:
Object size
Factors affecting magnification ratio
Magnification ratio and film size (eg. 35 mm: 1 x 1.5 inches)
Magnification ratio – 1:1 ---- for maxillary incisors
1:2 ---- for mandibular occlusal view

27. 1:10
1:2
1:1
1:1.2
1.5:1
Comprehensive esthetic dentistry; Florin Lazarescu. 1st Ed

28. PRINCIPLE-BASED
PHOGRAPPHY
CONCEPT

29. EXPOSURE CONTROL
“Control of total amount of light falling on the sensor is known as exposure”
Colors in Dentistry. A clinical guide to predictable esthetics; Stephen J Chu. 1st Ed

30. Factors exposure control
1. Sensitivity of sensor
2. Size of aperture
3. Time of exposure
- Shutter speed
- Duration of flash burst
Colors in Dentistry. A clinical guide to predictable esthetics; Stephen J Chu. 1st Ed
AUTO EXPOSURE MODE MANUAL EXPOSURE MODE

31. WHITE BALANCE
 Manually set the white balance
feature to match the light source
and to coordinate with its specific
colour temperature
- Day light: 5500 K
 “flash white balance setting”
 Icon: lightning bolt
 Automatic white balance: not
recommended in dentistry
Colors in Dentistry. A clinical guide to predictable esthetics; Stephen J Chu. 1st Ed
Comprehensive esthetic dentistry; Florin Lazarescu. 1st Ed

32. DEPTH OF FIELD
 Defined as the area in front and behind the plane
for which the focus was made, where all the objects
are represented clearly in the photo
 Depends on several parameters:
- Aperture: 1
Depth of field
-photography distance
 Distribution of depth of field
 Where to focus to obtain maximum depth of field in
dental photography??
Comprehensive esthetic dentistry; Florin Lazarescu. 1st Ed

33. CAMERA SYSTEM
EQUIPMENTS

34. CAMERA
STILL
Instant print
Film
(processed
outside)
35 mm
cameras
Rangefinders SLR
ACTION
Video
camera

35. What is digital camera?Most common types of cameras currently available
DSLR
Pocket-sized cameras
Personal electronic devices
Colors in Dentistry. A clinical guide to predictable esthetics; Stephen J Chu. 1st Ed

36. Wide
aperture
High
depth of
field
Manual
modifica
tion
Good
resolution
Large
display
Battery
duration
High ISO
Light
weight &
easy to
use
Hardan L, Manauta J. Mobile Dental Photography part 1.

37. HOW TO SELECT
A CAMERA??

38. Ahmad I. Digital dental photography. Part 4: choosing a camera. British dental journal. 2009 Jun;206(11):575.

39. Lenses
-Same manufacturer of
camera body or different??
- Recommended lens:
between 60 – 105 mm
- Auto-focus lenses: not
suitable for some dental
photography
Ahmad I. Digital dental photography. Part 4: choosing a camera. British dental journal. 2009 Jun;206(11):575.
High quality Macro-telephoto lens

40. Ahmad I. Digital dental photography. Part 4: choosing a camera. British dental journal. 2009 Jun;206(11):575.
Dental photography: 6 megapixels
Number of Pixels

41. Image sensor
Greater than six megapixels.
Most current semi-professional cameras: >> 10 megapixels as
standard
access to the sensor for cleaning
Sensitivity: 200/ 100 or less
Ahmad I. Digital dental photography. Part 4: choosing a camera. British dental journal. 2009 Jun;206(11):575.
White balance: automatic and manual
Storage media: maximum internal capacity or memory cards
Data formats: RAW, PNG, TIFF and JPEG files

42. COMPACT CAMERASKODAK P712 DIGITAL CAMERA SYSTEM
POLAROID INSTANT FILMINTRAORAL/ FIBRE OPTIC CAMERA
Ahmad I. Digital dental photography. Part 4: choosing a camera. British dental journal. 2009 Jun;206(11):575.

43. Ahmad I. Digital dental photography. Part 4: choosing a camera. British dental journal. 2009 Jun;206(11):575.
DSLRs
 TTL (through the lens) viewing and
metering
 Precise focusing
 Accurate framing
 No parallax
 Interchangeable lenses
 Recommended: macro-telephoto
lens
 Larger sensor

44. Canon EOS 4500 Canon EOS 50D Canon EOS m50 Fujifilm FinePix S5Pro Olympus E-520
Sony E350Pentax K200DNikon D200Nikon D5000Nikon D90
Ahmad I. Digital dental photography. Part 4: choosing a camera. British dental journal. 2009 Jun;206(11):575.

45. Understanding
lighting

46. Flashes
Single-point flash with Ring
flash
Double-point flash
Ring flash
Esthetic in dentistry; Ronald E. Goldstein’s Part-1; 3rd Ed.
Colors in Dentistry. A clinical guide to predictable esthetics; Stephen J Chu. 1st Ed

47. Accessories for smart phone
Smile capture
Smile Lit

48. Modifying light
1. Naked light
2. Blocking light
3. Diffusion
4. Reflection
Flash with diffusersUsing naked light Flash with silver reflectorCustom made reflectors
Ahmad I. Digital dental photography. Part 5: lighting. British dental journal. 2009 Jun;206(11):575.

49. F-stop (F-ratio)
Esthetic in dentistry; Ronald E. Goldstein’s Part-1; 3rd Ed.
focal length
F-stop=
size of aperture
 Indirectly related to
brightness
 Directly related to depth of
field
 For dentistry: f22
Ahmad I. Digital dental photography. Part 6: Camera setting. British dental journal. 2009 Aug;207(2)63:69.

50. Accessories for
Intra-oral
photography

51. CONTRASTERS
MIRRORSRETRACTERS

52. Basic general
photographic
technique

53. Essential of Esthetic Dentistry. Smile design integrating esthetic and function. Jonathan B Levine. VOL 2.

54. IMAGE
MANAGEMENT

55. RAW TIFF (Tagged Image File
Format)
JPEG (Joint
Photographic Experts
Groups)
COMPRESSION NO Optional Lossy
ALPHA CHANNELS No Yes No
WEB-SUITABLE No No Yes
Ahmad I. Digital dental photography. Part 9: Post image capture processing. British dental journal. 2009 Sep;207(11)203:09.

56. TECHNICAL
PROBLEM
AREA

57. Summery
 Proper digital photography is essential for high-quality communication of color
and appearance.
 A DSLR camera:
- combined with a manual-focus macro lens (approximately 100-mm focal
length)
- dual-point flash is the best choice consistent
- Manual selection of exposure, focus, white balance, and compression
settings
 Intraoral mirrors and retractors are beneficial accessories to visualize a full
spectrum of intraoral views.
 Because every software modification to a photograph causes degradation, the

58. Conclusion
Digital photographic images are an essential part of the
standard of care for communication, documentation,
evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment in dentistry. A DSLR
camera system provides the best control for creating repeatable
exposure, magnification, and color accuracy.
“ Photography is the language of dentistry ”

60. References
• Ahmad I. Digital dental photography. Part 2: Purposes and uses. British dental journal. 2009
May;206(11):464.
• Esthetic in dentistry; Ronald E. Goldstein’s Part-1; 3rd Ed.
• Ahmad I. Digital dental photography, part 7: extra-oral set-ups. Br Dent J 2009;207(3):103–10.
• American Academy of Cosmetic Dentistry. Photographic documentation and evaluation in
cosmetic dentistry: a guide to accreditation photography. Madison, WI: AACD; 2009.
• Comprehensive esthetic dentistry; Florin Lazarescu. 1st Ed
• Hardan L, Manauta J. Mobile Dental Photography part 1.
• Ahmad I. Digital dental photography. Part 4: choosing a camera. British dental journal. 2009
Jun;206(11):575.
• Ahmad I. Digital dental photography. Part 5: lighting. British dental journal. 2009
Jun;206(11):575.

61. References
• Ahmad I. Digital dental photography. Part 6: Camera setting. British dental journal. 2009
Aug;207(2)63:69.
• Essential of Esthetic Dentistry. Smile design integrating esthetic and function. Jonathan B Levine.
VOL 2.
• Ahmad I. Digital dental photography. Part 9: Post image capture processing. British dental
journal. 2009 Sep;207(11)203:09.
• Colors in Dentistry. A clinical guide to predictable esthetics; Stephen J Chu. 1st Ed