Ist Year - Dental Materials

1. DENTAL IMPLANTSDENTAL IMPLANTS
Dr Reham Mohammed Abdallah,
Assistant Professor at the Department of Dental
Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura
University

2. Objectives
1. Indications and contraindications
for dental implants.
2. The materials used for dental
implants.
3. Types and uses of dental implants.
4. Osseointegration.

3. I. Dental Implants
• Dental implant is a device that is inserted
inside the alveolar bone and projects through
the oral mucosa to support dental prosthesis.

4. . Indications and Contraindications
for Dental Implants
• Indications
1. Restoring an Edentulous Atrophic Mandible

5. Indications
• 2. Restoring a Single Missing Tooth

6. Contraindications
•Patients with systemic diseases as diabetes.
•Smoking
•Poor oral hygiene

7. Materials Used for Dental Implants
• Titanium and its alloys are very common
implant materials in dentistry.
• It is commonly manufactured by machining
into preformed shapes.
• The major advantage of titanium is that it will
osseointegrate with bone if handled properly.

8. 9
Titanium and Titanium AlloysTitanium and Titanium Alloys
• Forms a very stable oxide layer
• Commercially pure titanium (cpTi) is used for
dental implants, surface coatings, and crowns,
partial and complete dentures and orthodontic
wires.
• Ti-6Al-4V is the most widely used.

9. Ti & alloys are called the materials ofTi & alloys are called the materials of
choice in dentistry because of:choice in dentistry because of:
1. High corrosion resistance
2. High biocompatibility with tissues
3. Light in weight
4. Low density
5. Low modulus
6. High strength

10. Apatite-Coated TitaniumApatite-Coated Titanium
• Apatites are a class of calcium phosphate
materials.
• The hydroxyapatite of hard tissues, such as
teeth and bone, are examples.
• Hydroxyapatite materials can osseointegrate.
• Increased success in certain clinical situations.

11. Other materials
• 1. Metals1. Metals
Gold, stainless steel, and cobalt-chromium alloys
were used with little success.
• 2. Ceramics2. Ceramics
Hydroxyapatite and other calcium phosphate
materials are currently used as implant
materials.
• 3. Polymers3. Polymers
Had little success as prosthodontic implants.

12. Types of Dental ImplantsTypes of Dental Implants
• Endosseous implantsEndosseous implants or tooth form implants
are screwed or pressed into a hole that is cut
into the mandible or maxilla.
• They reside inside the bone, thus the name
“endosseous.”
• Resides partially in bone.
• Single tooth replacement thru denture support.
• Screw-shaped.
• Most common type.

13. Shapes of endosseous implantsShapes of endosseous implants
• Cylinders with threads (screw)
• Cylinders with straight sides
• Blade implants, with notches cut into it.

14. Shapes of endosseous implantsShapes of endosseous implants

15. B.B. Transosseous or StapleTransosseous or Staple
ImplantsImplants
• It consists of a plate and several bolts that
transverse the mandible in the anterior region.
•A transosseous implant was used to stabilize a
mandibular denture.
•Rarely used

17. C.C. Subperiosteal ImplantsSubperiosteal Implants
• Used to stabilize a mandibular denture.
• Placed on the mandibular bone below the
periosteum.
• Rests on alveolar ridge, no bone invasion.
• Less invasive, less stable

20. Osseointegration of Dental ImplantsOsseointegration of Dental Implants
• Osseointegration is a direct structural and
functional connection between ordered living
bone and the surface of a load carrying implant.
• Successful osseointegration transfers bite
forces to bone and stimulates the growth of
bone.

21. Osseointegration is dependent on;Osseointegration is dependent on;
• Material biocompatibility
• Implant surface
• Status of bone
• Surgical technique
• Healing conditions
• Biting forces

22. Osseointegration of DentalOsseointegration of Dental
ImplantsImplants