Dementia.
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Dementia was first described in 1894 by Dr. Alois Alzheimer, who observed changes in the brain caused by vascular disease. Dementia is defined as an acquired impairment of intellect, memory and personality without impaired consciousness. It is caused by damage or loss of nerve cells and their connections in the brain. The four main causes of dementia are Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, and vascular dementia. Alzheimer's disease mainly affects the hippocampus and controls aspects of memory and navigation. Brain scans of Alzheimer's patients show shrinking grey matter and more problems as cells die over time.
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Dementia
This document provides information about dementia, including:
1. Dementia is characterized by progressive deterioration of intellect, behavior, and personality due to diffuse brain disease, especially affecting the cortex and hippocampus. Memory impairment is required for diagnosis.
2. Symptoms include memory loss, abnormal behavior, intellectual decline, mood changes, and difficulty with daily tasks. Insight is initially retained but lost over time.
3. Causes of dementia include Alzheimer's disease (60% of cases), cerebrovascular disease, neurodegenerative diseases, infections, head injuries, and tumors. Dementia must be distinguished from delirium and depression.
Dementia
The world’s population is ageing rapidly, and with it is coming to a significant increase in the number of
older people with dementia. This increase presents major challenges for the provision of healthcare
generally and for dementia care in particular, for as more people have dementia, there will be more
people exhibiting behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD).
BPSD exact a high price from both the patient and the caregiver in terms of the distress and disability
they cause if left untreated. BPSD is recognisable, understandable and treatable. The recognition and
appropriate management of BPSD are important factors in improving our care of dementia patients
and their caregivers,
Dementia ppt. DR HUDA BUKHARI
topic on dementia covering all aspects regarding classification,pathophysiology and treatment .Difference between MCI and DEMENTIA .best for post graduates ,house officers and medical students
Dementia
The document discusses cognitive disorders and different types and stages of dementia. It defines cognition and lists different cognitive domains. It then summarizes classification systems for cognitive disorders from DSM-IV, DSM-5, and ICD-10. The stages of cognitive decline are discussed, from subjective cognitive impairment to mild cognitive impairment to dementia. The main types and causes of dementia are outlined. Assessment, risk factors, features and differentiation of different dementias like Alzheimer's and vascular dementia are summarized.
OVERVIEW OF DEMENTIA
View recording of webinar at http://www.alzpossible.org/wordpress-3.1.4/wordpress/nonaddementias-the-basics/
Dementia
Dementia is a progressive deterioration of intellect, behavior and personality caused by diseases of the brain. The most common causes are Alzheimer's disease (~60% of cases) and cerebrovascular disease (~20% of cases). Dementia is not a single disease but an overall term for loss of brain function. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but currently available medications can only temporarily improve symptoms and do not cure or slow progression. Lifestyle factors may help reduce risk of conditions that can lead to dementia like stroke.
Dementia
Dementia is a chronic syndrome that causes deterioration in cognitive abilities beyond normal aging. It is caused by brain diseases or injuries that damage or destroy nerve cells. The document discusses the anatomy and lobes of the brain, defines dementia, explores the pathophysiology and clinical manifestations such as confusion and behavioral changes. Diagnostic tests include cognitive assessments and brain imaging. Management involves both pharmacological treatments like Aricept as well as non-pharmacological approaches like a consistent routine and environment. Nurses help by addressing issues like disrupted sleep, communication problems, and infection risk. Health education focuses on diet, hygiene, medication adherence, and lifestyle factors.
Dementia
This document provides information on dementia and various types of dementia such as Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. It discusses symptoms, brain changes, risk factors and diagnostic approaches for different dementias. Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia, accounting for 60-80% of cases. Vascular dementia is the second most common, making up 20% of cases. Symptoms of Alzheimer's include memory loss and impaired judgment, while vascular dementia symptoms include impaired planning and reasoning abilities. Brain imaging can detect abnormalities associated with different dementias. A thorough diagnostic evaluation includes history, physical exam, neuropsychological testing, lab tests and brain imaging.
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Dementia
This document provides information about dementia, including:
1. Dementia is characterized by progressive deterioration of intellect, behavior, and personality due to diffuse brain disease, especially affecting the cortex and hippocampus. Memory impairment is required for diagnosis.
2. Symptoms include memory loss, abnormal behavior, intellectual decline, mood changes, and difficulty with daily tasks. Insight is initially retained but lost over time.
3. Causes of dementia include Alzheimer's disease (60% of cases), cerebrovascular disease, neurodegenerative diseases, infections, head injuries, and tumors. Dementia must be distinguished from delirium and depression.
Dementia
The world’s population is ageing rapidly, and with it is coming to a significant increase in the number of
older people with dementia. This increase presents major challenges for the provision of healthcare
generally and for dementia care in particular, for as more people have dementia, there will be more
people exhibiting behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD).
BPSD exact a high price from both the patient and the caregiver in terms of the distress and disability
they cause if left untreated. BPSD is recognisable, understandable and treatable. The recognition and
appropriate management of BPSD are important factors in improving our care of dementia patients
and their caregivers,
Dementia ppt. DR HUDA BUKHARI
topic on dementia covering all aspects regarding classification,pathophysiology and treatment .Difference between MCI and DEMENTIA .best for post graduates ,house officers and medical students
Dementia
The document discusses cognitive disorders and different types and stages of dementia. It defines cognition and lists different cognitive domains. It then summarizes classification systems for cognitive disorders from DSM-IV, DSM-5, and ICD-10. The stages of cognitive decline are discussed, from subjective cognitive impairment to mild cognitive impairment to dementia. The main types and causes of dementia are outlined. Assessment, risk factors, features and differentiation of different dementias like Alzheimer's and vascular dementia are summarized.
OVERVIEW OF DEMENTIA
View recording of webinar at http://www.alzpossible.org/wordpress-3.1.4/wordpress/nonaddementias-the-basics/
Dementia
Dementia is a progressive deterioration of intellect, behavior and personality caused by diseases of the brain. The most common causes are Alzheimer's disease (~60% of cases) and cerebrovascular disease (~20% of cases). Dementia is not a single disease but an overall term for loss of brain function. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but currently available medications can only temporarily improve symptoms and do not cure or slow progression. Lifestyle factors may help reduce risk of conditions that can lead to dementia like stroke.
Dementia
Dementia is a chronic syndrome that causes deterioration in cognitive abilities beyond normal aging. It is caused by brain diseases or injuries that damage or destroy nerve cells. The document discusses the anatomy and lobes of the brain, defines dementia, explores the pathophysiology and clinical manifestations such as confusion and behavioral changes. Diagnostic tests include cognitive assessments and brain imaging. Management involves both pharmacological treatments like Aricept as well as non-pharmacological approaches like a consistent routine and environment. Nurses help by addressing issues like disrupted sleep, communication problems, and infection risk. Health education focuses on diet, hygiene, medication adherence, and lifestyle factors.
Dementia
This document provides information on dementia and various types of dementia such as Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. It discusses symptoms, brain changes, risk factors and diagnostic approaches for different dementias. Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia, accounting for 60-80% of cases. Vascular dementia is the second most common, making up 20% of cases. Symptoms of Alzheimer's include memory loss and impaired judgment, while vascular dementia symptoms include impaired planning and reasoning abilities. Brain imaging can detect abnormalities associated with different dementias. A thorough diagnostic evaluation includes history, physical exam, neuropsychological testing, lab tests and brain imaging.
Dementia : Symptoms, Causes and Treatment
Dementia is a broad term which describes symptoms affecting memory, thinking ability that creates hindrance in performing daily activities. Two important brain functions are badly hit namely- memory and judgement.
Dementia
Dementia is a syndrome involving the deterioration of memory, thinking, behavior and the ability to perform everyday activities. It is caused by damage to brain cells that interferes with communication between cells. Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia, potentially contributing to 60-70% of cases. Dementia is diagnosed based on medical history, exams, tests and characteristic changes in thinking and functioning. While there is no cure, medications and therapies can help reduce symptoms or slow progression for some time.
Dementia powerpoint
The document discusses various types of dementia, their causes and symptoms. It describes Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, dementia caused by Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Pick's disease, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, normal pressure hydrocephalus, mixed dementia, and dementia not otherwise specified. Symptoms include memory loss, confusion, problems with language and motor skills. Causes include neurological disorders, traumatic brain injuries, infections, substance abuse, and unknown etiologies.
Vascular Dementia Final
Vascular dementia is caused by problems in the supply of blood to the brain, often due to conditions like strokes or mini-strokes. It is characterized by stepwise cognitive decline following vascular events and symptoms that overlap with Alzheimer's disease, though it often occurs at a younger age. Risk factors include age, history of strokes, high blood pressure, diabetes, smoking, and atrial fibrillation. Treatment focuses on controlling vascular risk factors and symptoms.
Amnestic disorders [2013]
1) Amnestic disorders are characterized by memory impairment alone, most commonly caused by identifiable medical conditions that damage memory centers in the brain like the hippocampus.
2) Organic amnesic syndrome is memory loss due to brain injury or disease, with anterograde amnesia preventing new learning and retrograde amnesia involving inability to recall events prior to the onset of amnesia.
3) Common causes include alcoholism leading to Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, head trauma, viral infections, hypoxia, and strokes affecting memory areas like the medial temporal lobes.
Evaluation of suspected dementia
This document outlines the evaluation of suspected dementia. It discusses the epidemiology of dementia, including that Alzheimer's disease accounts for 60-80% of cases. It also covers risk factors, diagnostic criteria through history, exams, screening tests, neuroimaging, and lab/genetic testing. The goal is to confirm cognitive impairment, identify potential causes, and rule out other intracranial abnormalities or treatable conditions.
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Approach to a patient with dementia
This document provides an overview of dementia, including its definition, diagnosis, causes, and approach to evaluation and management. It defines dementia as acquired cognitive impairment that interferes with daily life. The diagnostic criteria from the DSM-V are outlined. Common causes of dementia like Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, and Lewy body dementia are reviewed. The document discusses taking a history, performing a physical and neurological exam, cognitive testing, and medical investigations to diagnose the underlying cause of dementia.
Frontal lobe syndromes
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- The functional anatomy and neurotransmitters of the frontal lobes.
- Frontotemporal dementia, which selectively attacks the frontal and temporal lobes.
- Frontal lobe syndromes, which can cause changes in personality and behavior.
- Frontal lobe epilepsy, characterized by seizures arising from the frontal lobes.
- The relationship between the frontal lobes and schizophrenia, depression, and other conditions.
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This document provides an overview of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) including its causes, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management options. It discusses that FTD is caused by protein misfolding and accumulation in the brain. There are three main clinical variants - behavioral variant FTD, semantic dementia, and progressive nonfluent aphasia. Diagnosis involves ruling out other causes and may include brain imaging. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms but medications have limited effectiveness. Caregiver burden can be high due to patient behaviors, so support groups are recommended.
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This document is a presentation on dementia given by Dr Devavrat Harshe from the Department of Psychiatry at D.Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre. The presentation covers topics such as the difference between normal aging and dementia, common causes and risk factors for dementia, how dementia progresses, diagnostic evaluation, and management strategies which include pharmacological treatments to improve cognition as well as supportive measures for patients and caregivers.
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Cognitive disorders
The document discusses cognitive disorders including delirium, dementia, and amnestic disorders, outlining their symptoms, causes, assessments, and treatment approaches. Several types of dementia are described such as Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, and Parkinson's disease. Nursing interventions focus on promoting safety, adequate nutrition and hygiene, emotional support, and structured routines.
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Cognitive disorders
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This document provides an overview of delirium, including its definition, history, characteristics, epidemiology, risk factors, causes, pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, course and prognosis, and treatment. Some key points covered include:
- Delirium is defined as an acute impairment of attention, consciousness, and cognition that fluctuates in severity.
- Risk factors include older age, medical illnesses, cognitive impairment, and polypharmacy.
- Causes include infections, withdrawal, toxins/drugs, hypoxia, and metabolic disturbances.
- The pathophysiology is not fully understood but may involve neurotransmitter imbalances and blood-brain barrier disruption.
- Diagnosis involves
Alzheimer's disease.pptx
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive brain disorder that destroys memory and thinking skills. It is the most common cause of dementia among older adults. The disease is named after Dr. Alois Alzheimer, who first described it in 1906 after examining a woman's brain after her death and finding abnormal clumps and tangles. These plaques and tangles are still considered hallmarks of the disease today, along with the loss of connections between neurons in the brain. Symptoms include memory loss, problems with tasks and judgment, and changes in mood and behavior. Current treatments aim to slow the progression by targeting neurotransmitters affected by the disease like acetylcholine.
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Dementia : Symptoms, Causes and Treatment
Dementia is a broad term which describes symptoms affecting memory, thinking ability that creates hindrance in performing daily activities. Two important brain functions are badly hit namely- memory and judgement.
Dementia
Dementia is a syndrome involving the deterioration of memory, thinking, behavior and the ability to perform everyday activities. It is caused by damage to brain cells that interferes with communication between cells. Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia, potentially contributing to 60-70% of cases. Dementia is diagnosed based on medical history, exams, tests and characteristic changes in thinking and functioning. While there is no cure, medications and therapies can help reduce symptoms or slow progression for some time.
Dementia powerpoint
The document discusses various types of dementia, their causes and symptoms. It describes Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, dementia caused by Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Pick's disease, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, normal pressure hydrocephalus, mixed dementia, and dementia not otherwise specified. Symptoms include memory loss, confusion, problems with language and motor skills. Causes include neurological disorders, traumatic brain injuries, infections, substance abuse, and unknown etiologies.
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Vascular dementia is caused by problems in the supply of blood to the brain, often due to conditions like strokes or mini-strokes. It is characterized by stepwise cognitive decline following vascular events and symptoms that overlap with Alzheimer's disease, though it often occurs at a younger age. Risk factors include age, history of strokes, high blood pressure, diabetes, smoking, and atrial fibrillation. Treatment focuses on controlling vascular risk factors and symptoms.
Amnestic disorders [2013]
1) Amnestic disorders are characterized by memory impairment alone, most commonly caused by identifiable medical conditions that damage memory centers in the brain like the hippocampus.
2) Organic amnesic syndrome is memory loss due to brain injury or disease, with anterograde amnesia preventing new learning and retrograde amnesia involving inability to recall events prior to the onset of amnesia.
3) Common causes include alcoholism leading to Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, head trauma, viral infections, hypoxia, and strokes affecting memory areas like the medial temporal lobes.
Evaluation of suspected dementia
This document outlines the evaluation of suspected dementia. It discusses the epidemiology of dementia, including that Alzheimer's disease accounts for 60-80% of cases. It also covers risk factors, diagnostic criteria through history, exams, screening tests, neuroimaging, and lab/genetic testing. The goal is to confirm cognitive impairment, identify potential causes, and rule out other intracranial abnormalities or treatable conditions.
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This PPT contains all the important guidelines that are needed to manage a patient of Dementia. It involves diagnosis, psychosocial treatment, non-pharmacological management and pharmacological management. This PPT is prepared from NICE, APA and SIGN guidelines.
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This document discusses reversible causes of dementia and delirium. It begins by defining major neurocognitive disorder and reversible dementias. Common reversible causes of dementia include central nervous system infections, normal pressure hydrocephalus, nutritional deficiencies, drugs, endocrine disorders, depression, and sleep apnea. Delirium is then discussed, including risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical subtypes, DSM-5 criteria, assessment scales, differential diagnosis, course, prevention, and management. Reversible dementias are estimated to account for 8-40% of dementia cases. Early diagnosis and treatment of the underlying cause can improve cognitive functioning.
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This document discusses epilepsy and seizures. It defines epilepsy as a chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures. Seizures are caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain. The document discusses different types of seizures like tonic-clonic, absence, atonic, myoclonic, simple partial and complex partial seizures. It also discusses various epilepsy syndromes like temporal lobe epilepsy, frontal lobe epilepsy and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. Treatment typically involves anti-seizure medication prescribed by a neurologist, and sometimes surgery is used. Epilepsy is usually a lifelong condition but can often be well-controlled with treatment.
Approach to a patient with dementia
This document provides an overview of dementia, including its definition, diagnosis, causes, and approach to evaluation and management. It defines dementia as acquired cognitive impairment that interferes with daily life. The diagnostic criteria from the DSM-V are outlined. Common causes of dementia like Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, and Lewy body dementia are reviewed. The document discusses taking a history, performing a physical and neurological exam, cognitive testing, and medical investigations to diagnose the underlying cause of dementia.
Frontal lobe syndromes
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- The functional anatomy and neurotransmitters of the frontal lobes.
- Frontotemporal dementia, which selectively attacks the frontal and temporal lobes.
- Frontal lobe syndromes, which can cause changes in personality and behavior.
- Frontal lobe epilepsy, characterized by seizures arising from the frontal lobes.
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Dementia
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Epilepsy
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Cognitive disorders
The document discusses cognitive disorders including delirium, dementia, and amnestic disorders, outlining their symptoms, causes, assessments, and treatment approaches. Several types of dementia are described such as Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, and Parkinson's disease. Nursing interventions focus on promoting safety, adequate nutrition and hygiene, emotional support, and structured routines.
Schizophrenia
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This document defines and describes organic mental disorders and organic mental syndromes. It discusses disorders, syndromes, and organic mental syndrome. Organic mental disorders result from changes in the brain due to various causes like toxicity, tumors, infections, or metabolic changes. The document outlines classifications of organic mental disorders in ICD-10 and DSM-IV and describes specific disorders like dementia, delirium, and amnestic syndromes. It discusses causes, risk factors, types, and features of organic mental disorders and provides detailed descriptions of delirium and dementia.
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This document provides an overview of delirium, including its definition, history, characteristics, epidemiology, risk factors, causes, pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, course and prognosis, and treatment. Some key points covered include:
- Delirium is defined as an acute impairment of attention, consciousness, and cognition that fluctuates in severity.
- Risk factors include older age, medical illnesses, cognitive impairment, and polypharmacy.
- Causes include infections, withdrawal, toxins/drugs, hypoxia, and metabolic disturbances.
- The pathophysiology is not fully understood but may involve neurotransmitter imbalances and blood-brain barrier disruption.
- Diagnosis involves
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The document provides information about Alzheimer's disease. It discusses:
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- Key points include that it is a progressive brain disorder that destroys memory and thinking skills, and that while there is no cure, treatments can temporarily slow the worsening of dementia symptoms.
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Alzheimer's disease is a progressive brain disorder that causes memory loss and cognitive decline. It was first described by Alois Alzheimer in 1906 after examining brain tissue from a deceased patient. The disease results from the buildup of beta-amyloid plaques and tau protein tangles in the brain, which damage and kill neurons. Risk factors include age, family history, and genetic factors. There is no cure for Alzheimer's, but medications and caregiving can temporarily ease symptoms.
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Alzheimer's disease is a brain disorder and the most common form of dementia, which causes people to lose mental abilities like memory, language, and attention. It was first discovered in 1901 by Alois Alzheimer after examining the brain of a deceased patient named Auguste Deter who had symptoms of memory loss and cognitive decline. While the causes of Alzheimer's are still unknown, risk factors include increasing age, family history, Down syndrome, and female gender. Symptoms include memory loss, problems solving problems, mood swings, and difficulty speaking. There is currently no cure for Alzheimer's.
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Alziemers
Alzheimer's disease is a neurological disorder that causes memory loss and cognitive decline. As the disease progresses, symptoms worsen and can include memory loss, difficulty learning new information, speech problems, confusion, mood issues, and irritability. The root cause is the death of brain cells due to the neurodegenerative nature of the disease. While there is no cure, some treatments can help manage symptoms. Preventative measures include lifelong learning activities, social engagement, and healthy diets.
Memory disorders
The document provides information about several topics related to the brain and memory:
- The hippocampus is involved in memory formation and storage and is located in the temporal lobe.
- Autism affects social and communication skills and may be linked to factors like diet, mercury, or vaccines.
- Hyperthymesia is a condition where individuals have exceptional autobiographical memory recall.
- Memory loss can range from normal forgetfulness to conditions like Alzheimer's disease, which is a progressive brain disease leading to irreversible neuron loss and cognitive decline.
Pathology of CNS Degenerations Lecture
The document describes a 75-year-old housewife who is experiencing memory loss, repetition, and disrupted sleep, with a history of being active and social. A mini mental state exam score of 30/30 and normal blood tests are noted. The differential diagnosis mentioned includes dementia, depression, and age-related cognitive impairment.
Alzheimer
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive brain disorder that destroys memory and thinking skills. It accounts for 60-80% of dementia cases and usually starts slowly and gets worse over time, becoming severe enough to interfere with daily life. The main risk factor is age, with most people over 65 affected, though early onset Alzheimer's can occur in people in their 40s and 50s. Symptoms include memory loss, problems with thinking and language, and behavioral changes. The cause is not fully understood but involves plaques and tangles that build up in the brain over many years due to genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors. While there is no cure, current treatments can help manage symptoms.
Alzheimer
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive brain disorder that destroys memory and thinking skills. It accounts for 60-80% of dementia cases and usually starts slowly and gets worse over time, becoming severe enough to interfere with daily life. The main risk factor is age, though genetic and lifestyle factors may also play a role. Symptoms include memory loss and difficulties with problem-solving, planning, and language. Currently, there is no cure, but treatments can help with cognitive and behavioral symptoms.
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Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
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2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
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Dementia.
- 1. DEMENTIA.. All about this brain disease…….
- 2. History of Dementia.. Dementia was first described in a book of mental illness in 1894. Dr alois alzheimer, a german nurophatologist who has particular interest in “nervous disorders” described changes in the brain caused by vascular disease (now known as vascular dementia).
- 3. What is Dementia…? “Dementia is an acquired global impairment of intellect, memory and personality but without impairment of conciousness”
- 4. Causation… Dementia is caused by damage to or loss of nerve cells and their connections in the brain. Depending on the area of the brain that's damaged, dementia can affect people differently and cause different symptoms.
- 5. Four main cause of Dementia… ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA DEMENTIA WITH LEWY BODIES VASCULAR DEMENTIA
- 6. Main cause of Dementia:- ALZHEIMERS’S DISEASE.. Mainly affects the hippocampus.. The hippocampus controls aspect of memory and navigation….
- 7. Brain scan in alzehimer’s… As time passed the number of cells dies and the grey area shrinks and cause more problems…
- 8. LEWY BODIES… Dementia with lewy bodies can affect different areas of brain .Leading to varieties of symptoms such as lack of attention , sleep problems and hallucinations .
- 9. Early prevention of Dementia… Don't smoke. Stay at a healthy weight. Get plenty of exercise. Eat healthy food. Manage health problems including diabetes, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol. Stay mentally alert by learning new hobbies, reading, or solving crossword puzzles. Stay involved socially.