This slide show will show you the basic definitions along with some visuals of some important geographic vocabulary.

1. Population Distribution
Population distribution is the pattern of where people live, it is the
arrangement of the population on a certain area according with conditions
and requirements of the society (eg race, age, sex, income)
http://www.geography.learnontheinternet.co.uk/topics/popn1.html

2. Human Settlement Pattern
The science of human settlements, including city or
community planning and design.
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Human+settlement+patterns

3. Clustered Settlement
A clustered settlement is a pattern of settlement in which the
houses and building and living needs are laid out closely
together.
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_pattern_of_settlement_for_E

4. Scattered Settlement
In a scattered settlement, dwellings and other buildings are
spaced over an extensive area. They are usually found in
hilly tracks, thick forests and regions of extreme climate.
Http:/wikianswers.com/Q/what is a scattered
settlement#slide=3

5. Linear Settlement
A linear settlement, is a (normally small to medium-sized)
settlement or group of buildings that is formed in a long line.
Many follow a transport route, such as a road, river, or canal,
though some form due to physical restrictions, such as
coastlines, mountains, hills or valleys
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_settlement

6. Population Density
Population density is a measurement of population per unit
area or unit volume. It is usually applied to the settlement of
living organisms, most frequently humans.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_density

7. Overpopulation
Overpopulation occurs when a population of a species
exceeds the carrying limit of their ecological surroundings
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overpopulation