Introduction to housing shortage and urbanization challenges in India.

1. Jaykrishnan Pillai
Adjunct Assistant Professor
Department of Architecture & Planning,
Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology
Housing

2. Course Objective:
To create awareness about importance of housing in Indian context and to impart
knowledge for designing housing projects To sensitise students about various issues
of housing pertaining to affordability, neighbourhood planning and design, etc.

3. Course Outline
● Housing and human needs, influences on housing. Housing as an integral part of urban &
rural development
● Study of transition from traditional to contemporary pattern of Housing in India
● Housing for Urban Poor, Problems and issues of rural housing. National Housing Policy
2007, various programmes run by States, role of various agencies in housing (eg HUDCO,
CIDCO, State Housing Boards, etc.)
● Study of housing concepts: Mass housing, Low cost housing, Self-help housing, Co-
operative housing, Housing based on- income groups, density patterns and arrangement of
units, temporary housing for post disaster mitigation, rehabilitation housing, Slum
upgradation, etc.

4. ● Space standards for housing schemes, Design concepts with reference to socio-economic
factors and community planning considerations for residential layouts. Sense of- community,
safety & security, belongingness, concept of neighbourhood and community living. Case study
of various contemporary housing projects
● Concept of density standards and relationship of built and unbuilt in housing layouts, concept of
FSI
● Design concepts for cost reduction, use of prefabrication, modular co- ordination and pre-
stressed components etc. Alternate technologies for housing
● Understanding of site planning of housing schemes and basic infrastructure and amenities at
layout level.

5. Need for housing ?

6. Ensures access to a safe, secure, habitat.
Housing is the basis of stability and security for an
individual or family.
The centre of our social, emotional and
economic lives; a place to live in peace,
security and dignity
Housing is also key to realising sustainable
urbanisation as a driver of development,
peace, and improved living conditions for all.

7. Housing is more than just a roof; it’s the
opportunity for better lives and a better future.

8. By 2030, UN-Habitat estimates that 3 billion people, about 40
percent of the world’s population, will need access to adequate
housing. This translates into a demand for 96,000 new affordable and
accessible housing units every day
Additionally, an estimated 100 million people worldwide are
homeless and one in four people live in harmful conditions that
to their health, safety and prosperity.

9. Access to housing is a precondition for
access to employment, education, health,
and social services.

10. One of the most significant impacts of
urbanisation is seen on the housing sector as
residential land use is predominant over other
land uses
Worldwide 2.4 billion people live without
improved sanitation and 2 billion are affected by
water stress.
At the same time, not all people who have housing
live in adequate conditions

12. As per the 2011 Census, there are approximately 108,000 such slums in
the country, home to 13 million households of which 3.6 million are
renters. Slum households constitute 17 percent of the total urban
population. At the same time, there are 11 million vacant homes across
urban India.
Definition of slums
A compact area of at least 300 population or about 60-70 households of
poorly built congested tenements, in unhygienic environment usually with
inadequate infrastructure and lacking in proper sanitary and drinking water
facilities.

13. Reason for slum in cities ?