DEFINITION, FUNCTIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPUTER & COMPUTER GENERATION

1. 1.DEFINITION,
2.FUNCTIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPU
3. COMPUTER GENERATION

2. JASHORE UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY, BANGLADESH
WRITTEN:
• Humayun
• Asif
• Sagor
• Sabbir
Department : Agro product processing technology

3. INVENTION OF COMPUTER
In 1822, an English Mechanical
Engineer named Charles Babage first
gave the concept of programmable
computer. He is also known as the
inventor and father of computer.

4. INVENTION OF COMPUTER
The ENIAC is the first computer
which was invented by J. Presper
Eckert and John Mauchly in the
University of Pennsylvania in
1943 but the construction was
finished in 1946.

5. WHAT IS COMPUTER?
Definition: A computer is a device which performs operations,
processes and calculation based on some instructions provided
by a software program.

6. FUNCTIONS OF COMPUTERS
There are five major functions of computer.
1. Input.
2. Storage.
3. Processing.
4. Output.
5. Controlling.

7. FUNCTIONS OF COMPUTERS
INPUT STORAGE PROCESSING OUTPUT

8. FUNCTIONS OF COMPUTERS
1. Input: Input is the process by which we enter data into computer
through input devices.
Some input devices are:
i. Keyboard
ii. Mouse
iii. Joy stick
iv. Light pen
v. Microphone

9. FUNCTIONS OF COMPUTERS
2. Storage: Storage is the process by which the computer stores
input data for further processing.

10. FUNCTIONS OF COMPUTERS
The storage unit is divided into two sub-units.
I. Primary Storage: Is a fast and volatile storage of computer
that holds data, programs and instructions which are currently
in use.
II. Secondary Storage: Is a slow and non-volatile storage of
computer that holds all the permanent data.

11. FUNCTIONS OF COMPUTERS
Storage
Primary
Storage
Secondary
Storage

12. 3. Processing: Processing refers to the operation under given
instructions with a view to reach a desired goal.
FUNCTIONS OF COMPUTERS

13. FUNCTIONS OF COMPUTERS
The Central Processing Unit(CPU)
is made of 2 sub-units.
I. Arithmetic Logic Unit(ALU):
Is the unit where the execution of
all instructions take place.
II. Control Unit(CU): Manages
and coordinates the instructions
of all other components of a
Computer.
ALU
CU
CPU

14. 4. Output: Output is the process by which the computer shows us
our desired result.
Some output devices are:
I. Monitor
II. Printer
III. Headphones
IV. Speakers.
FUNCTIONS OF COMPUTERS

15. 5. Controlling: Controlling means directing the above
operations to maintain the correct sequence.
FUNCTIONS OF COMPUTERS

16. FUNCTIONS OF COMPUTERS
A real life example would be very useful to understand The
Functions of Computers.
Suppose we are making a vegetable curry. Washing, slicing and putting
raw vegetables into the pan and adding all the ingredients and spices is
the input process of computer. Cooking it On stove is the processing of
computer. And when the vegetable curry is ready and exposing its
actual color and odor is the output process and the curry is our desired
output.

17. FUNCTIONS OF COMPUTER
Here, we can relate data with raw vegetables and the cooked
curry with Information. If we store raw vegetables and the curry
in the fridge then it would explain the storage function of
computer.

18. CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPUTERS
Some basic characteristics of computer are
1. Speed: A computer can perform millions of operations and
calculations within the blink of an eye which is very fast compared
to human.
2. Accuracy: It can perform millions of operations accurately. So its
accuracy is 100%. Which is impossible to expect from a human.
3. Diligence: It can perform billions of tasks with the same
consistency and accuracy.

19. CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPUTERS
4. Memory: It can memorize anything for unlimited period of
time in its storage function.
5. Versatility: It can perform more than one task at the same
time.
6. Reliability: It gives consistent result for similar set of data.
7. Efficiency: It is very efficient in performing any kind of task
or operation.

20. GENERATIONS OF COMPUTER
First Generation (1946 - 1959)
Second Generation (1959 - 1964)
Third Generation (1964 - 1975)
Fourth Generation (1975 - 1981)
Fifth Generation (1981 - Onward)

21. FIRST GENERATION COMPUTERS
Key Features:
i. Invention of Vacuum Tubes.
ii. Use of Punch Cards as Main
Memory.
iii. Language: Low level Machine
Language.
iv. No operating system. Human
operators to set.

22. Some Examples of First
Generation Computers includes
i. EDVAC (Electronic Discrete
Variable Automatic Computer)
ii. ENIAC (Electronic Numerical
Integrator and Computer)
FIRST GENERATION COMPUTERS

23. FIRST GENERATION COMPUTERS
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
1. Use of vacuum tubes as electronic
components.
1. Huge size.
2. Storage option for storing information. 2. Unreliable.
3. Simple Architecture. 3. Generated a lot of heat because of
vacuum tubes.
4. Faster calculating compared to human
brain. Performed in miliseconds.
4. Lack of versatility because of machine
language.

24. SECOND GENERATION COMPUTERS
Key Features:
i. Major innovation: Transistors as
main component.
ii. Main memory: Magnetic Core.
iii. External Storage: Magnetic
Tape and Magnetic Disks.
iv. Language: Assembly Language.

25. Some examples of second
generation computers are
i. CDC - 1604
ii. IBM -7094
SECOND GENERATION COMPUTERS

26. ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
1. Smaller in size as compared to first
generation.
1. Very much costly.
2. Much more reliable. 2. Lack of maintenance.
3. Less heat generated. 3. Lack of frequent cooling
4. Easier to program and develop because
of high level language
4. Punched cards were used for input.
SECOND GENERATION COMPUTERS

27. THIRD GENERATION COMPUTERS
Key Features:
i. Use of integrated Circuit’s
(IC) as electronic components.
ii. Use of Keyboard, mouse for
input and monitor for output.
iii. High level languages.

28. Some Examples of third
generation computers are
i. PDP - 11
ii. IBM - 370
THIRD GENERATION COMPUTERS

29. ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
1. Smaller in size as compared to first
generation.
1. Air conditioning was required because of
IC.
2. Energy efficient. 2. Repair of IC was not that easy and
available.
3. Better portability 3. Manufacturing of IC was not developed.
4. Heat generation was rare. 4. Very costly in both cases of buying and
repairing.
5. Faster than previous generations.
THIRD GENERATION COMPUTERS

30. FOURTH GENERATION COMPUTERS
 Key Features:
i. Major innovation: Microprocessors.
ii. EPROM and SRAM were used as main
memory
iii. VLSI circuits made with 5000 transistors and
other circuits
iv. Floppy Disks and Hard Disks were used as
external storage.
v. Operating Systems: MS – DOS , PC – DOS.

31. Some examples of fourth
generation computers are.
i. STAR - 1000.
ii. IBM - 4341.
FOURTH GENERATION COMPUTERS

32. ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
1. Much reliable. 1. Very advanced technology was required
to make the microprocessors.
2. Smaller in size. 2. Cooler is required.
3. Portability. 3. Very costly production.
4. Heat generation was negligible.
5. Faster computation compared to
previous generations.
FOURTH GENERATION COMPUTERS

33. FIFTH GENERATION COMPUTERS
Key Features:
i. Major Innovations: ULSI circuits.
ii. Main Memory: EPROM, SIMM, DIMM
iii. External Storage: MAGNETIC and OPTICAL
DISKS.
iv. Use of scanner, pointing device as input
devices.
v. Development of very high level language which
is almost similar to human language.

34. Examples of fifth generation computer
FIFTH GENERATION COMPUTERS

35. ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
1. Very high performance cores can
process anything within a few seconds.
1. Tend to be sophisticated and complex
tool.
2. Versatility. 2. Lack of human like intelligence.
3. Easy to write program and develop
softwares because of the easy language.
4. Cheap and available.
5. Very large storage capacity
FIFTH GENERATION COMPUTERS

36. THANK YOU