Defenders of the faith
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This document summarizes information about several important figures during the Protestant Reformation period: Suleiman the Great of the Ottoman Empire who rivaled with Charles V and allied with Francis I; Charles V who opposed the Reformation as Holy Roman Emperor; Francis I of France who allied with Suleiman; and Henry VIII of England who declared himself head of the Anglican Church. It also provides details about Martin Luther, the leader of the Protestant Reformation, and the Diet of Worms where he was declared a heretic for his writings challenging Catholic doctrine.
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This document provides biographical information on several important figures from the 16th century: Suleiman the Magnificent, the longest-reigning Sultan of the Ottoman Empire; Charles V, the Holy Roman Emperor who opposed the Protestant Reformation; Martin Luther, the German priest who initiated the Protestant Reformation; Henry VIII, the King of England who established himself as the Supreme Head of the Church of England; and Francis I, the King of France who had relations with the Ottoman Empire. Each entry includes details on their birth, reign or role, accomplishments, and death.
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2) It describes the reigns of Carlos I, Felipe II, Felipe III, and Felipe IV, noting the foreign conflicts and domestic problems each king faced, including revolts, financial issues, and declining Spanish power.
3) Key events included Carlos I's vast empire, Felipe II's wars against France, England, the Netherlands, and the Ottomans, and the expulsion of the Moriscos under Felipe III which hurt Spain's economy.
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- Germanic tribes migrated into the weakened Roman Empire and became the foundation of medieval European kingdoms. The Merovingian dynasty ruled but lost influence, and the mayor of the palace became the real power. The Carolingian dynasty then rose to power, with Charlemagne being crowned Holy Roman Emperor by the Pope in 800.
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Defenders of the faith
- 1. Defenders of the Faith Phillip Tran History 150
- 2. Suleiman (1494-1566) • Great Grandson of Mehmet the conquerer • Sultan of the Ottoman Empire • Inherited throne at 23 years old • Married a harem girl named Roxelana • Rivaled with Charles V, King of the Holy Roman Empire • Co-formed the Franco-Ottoman alliance along with Francis I • Died at the age of 72
- 3. Charles V (1500-1558) • King of the Holy Roman Empire • Suleiman’s and Francis I’s rival • Opposed Protestant reformation • Oversaw Spanish colonization of the Americas • Had health problems due to generations of inbreeding in the family • Died at 58
- 4. Francis I (1494-1547) • King of France • Was king for 32 years • Rivaled against Charles V and Henry VIII • Allied with Suleiman, which formed the Franco-Ottomon alliance • Attempted to ally with Henry VIII of Englant, but they did not reach an agreement • Against Protestantism • Defeated at Battle of Pavia and captured, but was later freed • Died at age 52
- 5. Henry VIII (1491-1547) • King of England • Ruled from 1509-1547 • Rivaled against Francis I • Had 6 wives and desperately wanted a son • Declared himself supreme head of the Church in England • This led to the English Reformation
- 6. Martin Luther (1483-1546) • German priest and theologist • Lead the Protestant Reformation • He wrote hymns • Connected high art and folk music, and also all the classes • Wrote 95 Theses • Was part of the Diet of Worms in 1521 • Married Katharina bon Bora • Was excommunicated
- 7. Diet of Worms • Took place on 1521 • Pope Leo X pointed out errors in Martin Luther’s 95 Theses • Luther was summoned to the diet to renounce or reaffirm his views • He was declared heretic by Edict of Worms • Luther challenged authority of pop on the pop on a theological level • He was declared an outlaw and to be arrested • Luther hid in the Wartburg Castle or else he would be arrested