- DDGS is a secondary product of ethanol production from corn containing unfermented grain residues and solubles. It has a long shelf life compared to wet distillers grains. - DDGS has higher protein and energy levels than the original corn but also contains residues from the fermentation and drying process that can impact quality. - To produce DDGS, corn is ground, fermented to produce ethanol, and the remaining solids and solubles are dried and reconstituted. The quality and properties of DDGS depends on factors like color, smell, and level of undesirable residues.

1. The Contents
• What is DDGS?
• Types of distillers grains
• Nutritional value of DDGS
• The Process of Making (DDGS)
• Contamination and unwanted residues of DDGS
• How to identify high quality DDGS through its physical properties

2. What is DDGS ?
• DDGS is the abbreviation of Distiller’s Dried Grains with Solubles.
• is derived from grain (principally corn).
• Is the secondary product that result from the process of producing ethanol
from corn.
• Is a catchword often heard in the context of the worldwide raw material
market for animal feed.

3. Types of distillers grains
1-Wet Distillers Grains:
• Wet Distillers Grains (WDG) contain primarily unfermented grain
residues (70% moisture).
• WDG has a shelf life of four to five days.
• Due to the water content, WDG transport is usually economically
viable within a short distance.

4. Types of distillers grains
2-Dried Distillers Grains:
• Dried Distillers Grains with Soluble (DDGS) is WDG with the addition of
some liquid co-products from fermentation, dried to 10-12 percent moisture.
• DDGS has an almost indefinite shelf life and may be shipped to any
market regardless of its proximity to an ethanol plant.
• It can be transported to long distance and even exported to another
country.

5. Comparisons between types of distillers grains
DDGS WDG
Have moisture content 10-12 % Have moisture content 70 %
Has an infinite shelf life Has a shelf life of 4-5 days
Fermented product Non-fermented product
Transported for al long distance Transport for short distance
Can be exported to another
country
Cannot be exported

6. Nutritional value of DDGS
Nutrients Average
Crude Protein 30.9 %
Crude Fats 10.7 %
Crude Fiber 7.2 %
Ash 6 %
Calculated ME, Kcal/Kg 3810
Lysine 0.9 %
Arginine 1.31 %
Tryptophan 0.24 %
Methionine 0.65 %
Phosphorus 0.75 %
Calcium 0.08 %

7. The process of making DDGS
• The steps in producing ethanol, are 6 steps that the corn
is ground, digested , fermented, distilled ,centrifugation
and drying and reconstituted
• First the corn is ground to increase the surface area so the
microbes and enzymes can more efficiently access the nutrients
(mostly starch).
• Then the starch is digested to convert it into sugars that can be
metabolized by the fermentation microbes.

8. The process of making DDGS
• Then fermentation, The major products of the fermentation step are
CO2 and ethanol.
• The ethanol is distilled from the fermented liquids and the remaining
liquid mash is separated by centrifugation into distillers’ grains and wet
condensed solubles .

9. The process of making DDGS
• Both are dried and reconstituted to make DDGS.
• From each metric ton (MT) of corn or wheat used for ethanol
production we get about of 300 kg of DDGS (with 10% moisture).

10. Contamination and unwanted residues of
DDGS
• 1-Mycotoxine: As we have discuss before DDGS come from cereals
so, there will be mycotoxins, As a result, some supplements with
antibiotic activity have been used in ethanol plants and might be used in
the future as well, specifically Virginiamycin, Penicillin, Erythromycin,
Tylosin and Tetracycline.
• 2-Salt (sodium-chloride): Used as “drying agent” to speed up water
absorption when drying the DDGS, will cause undesirable higher
content of sodium in DDGS.

11. Contamination and unwanted residues of
DDGS
• 3-Oxidized fats (as oils):
• DDGS contain relatively high amounts of oxidized lipids produced
from PUFA peroxidation during the production process.
• These oxidized lipids may impair metabolic oxidation status of fish.
• So we use sulfur to prevent oxidation of fats during the production
process of DDGS.

12. How to identify high quality of DDGS through
its physical properties
1-Color:
• Ranges from dark brown to golden (pale yellow in Egypt).
• Golden color of corn DDGS is correlated with higher amino acid and
high digestibility rate.
2-Smell:
• Ranges from burnt or smoky to sweet and fermented.
• Golden DDGS has a sweet, fermented smell.

13. Comparison between Golden and Brown DDGS
Golden DDGS Brown DDGS
Have higher protein rate Have lower protein rate
Have lower fiber rate Have higher fiber rate
Smell sweet and fermented Smell bad
Have higher nutritional value Have lower nutritional value
Digested fast and easy Digested slow and hard
Could be used with up to 30% in
layer feed formulation.
Could be used with up to 20% in
layer feed formulation.

14. Comparison between Golden and Brown DDGS