[DCSB] Katherine Crawford (Southampton) In the Footsteps of the Gods: network approach to modeling Roman Religious Processions

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Religion was woven into the fabric of Roman society, its visibility ranging from monumental temples to the practice of festival activity. Religious processions, in particular, were carefully choreographed rituals that linked disparate spaces and people together within the cityscape. Despite their acknowledged regularity within the Roman world, our understanding of religious processional movement remains extremely limited. Studies concerning Triumphal, funerary, and circus processions dominate current scholarship due to their greater documentation by the ancient literary sources. These processions, however, formed only a fraction of Roman processional activity. Recent years have seen an increase of scholarship interested in different aspects of processions and movement within the cityscape. In light of this, a reconsideration of the degree to which we can study processions within the archaeological record is warranted. As the record of the performance of processions was primarily held in the memories of those who took part of heard about them, the ways in which they can be studied is challenging. Adopting a theoretical and computer based approach, a critical analysis of the relationship between a procession’s movement patterns and engagement with the urban environment can be studied.

Education

In the Footsteps of the Gods
Network Approach to Modelling Roman
Religious Processions
Katherine A. Crawford
University of Southampton
K.A.Crawford@soton.ac.uk
Digital Classicist Seminar v February 7, 2017

Network Approach to Modelling Roman Religious Procession

Roman Processions
Ara Pacis
Arch of Titus
Network Approach to Modelling Roman Religious Procession
Pompa Circensis

Roman Triumphal Route (Beard 2007)
Falerii Novi, E-W ‘sacred way’
(Keay, Millett & Strutt 2007)
Network Approach to Modelling Roman Religious Procession
A boy fell down while
carrying a Victory in a
procession such as the
soldiers hold…
~ Dio 47.40.8

Salutaris Decree
The care of the
aforementioned sacred
images, and the
conveyance before
everyone, from the temple
into the theatre, and from
the theatre into the temple
of Artemis, will be done
according to the bequest
every year...
(Rogers 1991)
Network Approach to Modelling Roman Religious Procession

Archaeology of Processions?
“The city was all decked with
garlands, was ablaze with lights
and reeking with incense, and the
whole population, the senators
themselves most of all, kept
shouting in chorus.”
~ Dio 63.20.5
Network Approach to Modelling Roman Religious Procession

Ostia Antica
Network Approach to Modelling Roman Religious Procession

Network Approach to Modelling Roman Religious Procession
Researching Processional Routes
Research Questions:
v  To what extent can we study processional routes at
Ostia?
v  What is the best methodology for modelling and
visualizing processions?
v  How do these models help us to understand Ostia’s
religious landscape?

Ostia’s Religious Landscape
Serapeum
Tempio dei
Fabri Navales
Santuario di Attis
Capitolium
Tempio
Network Approach to Modelling Roman Religious Procession

Excavation History
Network Approach to Modelling Roman Religious Procession

Studying Ostian Religion
Network Approach to Modelling Roman Religious Procession

Ostia Processions
Navigium Isidis, Vatican Museum
Feast of Diana; Vendemia, Vatican Museum
Campus of Magna Mater
Network Approach to Modelling Roman Religious Procession

Scholarship
‘Archaic Sacred Route’ (DeLaine 2008)
Network Approach to Modelling Roman Religious Procession

Urban Movement
Vitruvius De Architectura 4.5.1
Similarly, houses of the gods on the
sides of public roads should be arranged
so that the passers-by can have a view of
them and pay their devotions face to
face.
(Morgan 1914)
Network Approach to Modelling Roman Religious Procession

Movement at Ostia
Ostian Street Depth (Kaiser 2011)
Axial Graph - Ostia Street Integration
(Stöger 2011)
Network Approach to Modelling Roman Religious Procession

New Approach
‘A procession is not just a journey from A to B; it matters
where A and B are located, and who is doing the journey.
But to properly be able to elicit what the purpose of a
procession is, one must consider not only the form, but the
total ritual context to which it belongs.’ (Graf 1996: 64)
Network Approach to Modelling Roman Religious Procession

Network Approach to Modelling Roman Religious Procession
Influencing Factors
•  Movement potential
along streets
•  Urban activity
•  Visibility
•  People
•  Crowds
What affects a procession’s route?
•  Movement potential
along streets
•  Urban activity

Network Analysis
Network Approach to Modelling Roman Religious Procession
Network of transport routes based
off of Itineraries
(Isaksen 2008)

Network Approach to Modelling Roman Religious Procession
Pedestrian Movement
GIS Based Analyses Space Syntax Methods

Constructing a
Model
Network Approach to Modelling Roman Religious Procession

Network Approach to Modelling Roman Religious Procession
Urban Activity Variables
Religious
Commercial
Social
Domestic

Network Approach to Modelling Roman Religious Procession
Religious

Network Approach to Modelling Roman Religious Procession
Commercial

Network Approach to Modelling Roman Religious Procession
Social

Network Approach to Modelling Roman Religious Procession
Domestic

Network Approach to Modelling Roman Religious Procession
Network Construction
Network
Nodes = building
classifications
Edges = streets

Network Approach to Modelling Roman Religious Procession
Betweenness Centrality
v  The probability that a certain node will be passed
when traveling the shortest distance between 2
nodes
Higher importance within
network = greater
betweenness

Network Approach to Modelling Roman Religious Procession
ArcGIS: Urban Network Analysis Toolbox
Calculating in GIS
Maintain Geometry/
Street layout
Problems?

Network Approach to Modelling Roman Religious Procession
Religious Betweenness

Network Approach to Modelling Roman Religious Procession
Extended Network

Network Approach to Modelling Roman Religious Procession
Commercial
Betweenness

Network Approach to Modelling Roman Religious Procession
Domestic
Betweenness

Network Approach to Modelling Roman Religious Procession
Social
Betweenness

Network Approach to Modelling Roman Religious Procession
Kernel Density Analysis
KDE of Shops
KDE of Shops Betweenness

Network Approach to Modelling Roman Religious Procession
Multiple Betweenness Calculations
Social & Domestic Spaces
UnweightWeighted

Network Approach to Modelling Roman Religious Procession
Combined Weighted Measurements

Network Approach to Modelling Roman Religious Procession
Weight
Religious – 1
Social – 2
Domestic – 3
Commercial - 4
Weight
Religious – 5
Social – 1
Domestic – 2
Commercial - 3

Network Approach to Modelling Roman Religious Procession
KDE Comparison
Religious 1
Religious 5

Network Approach to Modelling Roman Religious Procession
Next Steps ...
Cost
Distance
Analysis

Network Approach to Modelling Roman Religious Procession
Preliminary Conclusions
Axial Graph - Ostia Street Integration
(Stöger 2011)

Network Approach to Modelling Roman Religious Procession
Thank You!

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[DCSB] Markus Schnöpf (BBAW/IDE), "Reviewing digital editions: The Codex Sina...

Digital Classicist Seminar Berlin

ABSTRACT In the last years much effort was put in the construction of digital editions, covering all epochs from antiquity to modern writers. Looking at these digital scholarly editions, a huge variety of methods, presentations and tools has been developed. As digital editions have thus reached a critical mass, we must ask about the quality of the heterogenous digital editions. In this presentation I want to discuss, if and how these digital editions can be compared. Given the example of the Codex Sinaiticus, a catalogue of questions can be adressed to this digital edition. Full abstract:http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1780-0000-0024-29C7-0

[DCSB] Georg Roth (Universität zu Köln) "Die Rückkehr des Leitfundes? Die Ver...Digital Classicist Seminar Berlin

[DCSB] Rainer Komp (DAI, Berlin) "Chronological Concepts of the Ancient World...

Digital Classicist Seminar Berlin

Rainer Komp presented on representing eponymous Roman consuls in linked data. He discussed using Roman consuls as both chronological markers and person entities. An extensive process of machine-assisted entity detection, markup, and linking to authority records for consuls and prosopographical data would allow for original sources to be represented online in a structured, linked manner to enhance contextual understanding. Key challenges include representing related phenomena, applying this to other cultures and text genres, and accounting for uncertainties in the source data and state of research.

[DCSB] Henry Mendell (California State University, USA) "Visualization of Anc...

Digital Classicist Seminar Berlin

This document summarizes a presentation about visualizing ancient cosmological models. It discusses two non-discursive ways of presenting ancient astronomy using physical models and Eudoxus diagrams. It also describes a project from 1995 onwards to create computer visualizations of Eudoxus' cosmological model, including collaborations between 2008-2012. The document indicates it will turn to showing these visualizations and discusses potential future work involving a digital library project and solving issues with exporting data to spreadsheets.

[DCSB] Amiz Zeldes (HU, Berlin) "Towards Digital Coptic: Searching and Visual...

Digital Classicist Seminar Berlin

This document discusses efforts to digitize and analyze Coptic manuscripts through annotation, search capabilities, and visualization tools. It introduces Caroline Schroeder and Amir Zeldes who are leading a collaboration called Coptic SCRIPTORIUM. Their work involves annotating Coptic texts through normalization, tokenization, part-of-speech tagging, and other layers. They use ANNIS to allow searching across these annotation layers and segmentations. The document also discusses challenges around representing the multi-layered data and approaches for generic versus dedicated visualizations.

[DCSB] Agnes Thomas, Karen Schwane, Alexander Recht (DAI, Köln) "The Hellespo...

Digital Classicist Seminar Berlin

[DCSB] Gregory Crane, Stella Dee, Maryam Foradi, Monica Lent, Maria Moritz (U...

Digital Classicist Seminar Berlin

The document describes a project to develop dynamic syllabi for teaching historical languages through eLearning. It discusses the need to support localization for learners of different languages and the challenges of internationalization. It describes the user experience design for the eLearning platform, including how to introduce users to the system, provide goals and feedback, and visualize learning progress. It also discusses using games to cover different tasks involved in digital editing projects, like transcription, translation, and annotation. Finally, it explains how a graph database is used to store and query the interrelated linguistic data from digital editing projects in a scalable way that is optimized for performance.

[DCSB] Torsten Roeder (BBAW), Yury Arzhanov (RuhrUniversität Bochum) "The Gl...

Digital Classicist Seminar Berlin

The document discusses the Glossarium Graeco-Arabicum project, which aims to create a database of Greek and Arabic lexical items. It addresses both the technical challenges of working in a polyalphabetic environment with Greek, Arabic, and Latin scripts, as well as the scholarly requirements for analyzing the data. On the technical side, it discusses issues like inputting different alphabets, bidirectional text display, and search queries that account for diacritics. Scholarly requirements include ways to browse and visualize the large corpus, analyze translation movements between Greek and Arabic parts of speech, and export dictionary-style entries of individual lexemes. The document argues that both technical and scholarly needs must be considered to create an effective online linguistic

[DCSB] Eric Poehler (UMass, USA) "The Pompeii Bibliography and Mapping Projec...

Digital Classicist Seminar Berlin

The Pompeii Bibliography and Mapping Project (PBMP) provides a new comprehensive resource for studying Pompeii by creating an exhaustive online bibliography, full-text archive, and GIS mapping of the site. It addresses limitations of prior references which were expensive, rare, and difficult to search, by making over 15,000 citations openly accessible and searchable in various ways, including thematically and spatially. The PBMP offers scholars an improved model for organizing and accessing information about classical archaeological sites.

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