The document outlines key concepts around organizational change including: 1. It describes forces for change as either external such as competition or internal such as new strategies. 2. It contrasts the "calm waters" and "white-water rapids" metaphors for how organizations experience change. 3. It explains why people resist change and describes techniques to reduce resistance such as education, participation, and negotiation. 4. It defines organization development as efforts to facilitate long-term organization-wide change through interventions focused on attitudes and culture.

1. PART III: Organizing 7

2. Learning Outcomes After this class, I will be able to:

15. Three Categories of Change Exhibit 7.1

19. The Change Process Exhibit 7.2

21. Why People Resist Change Exhibit 7.3

22. Techniques for Reducing Resistance to Change Exhibit 7.4 TECHNIQUE WHEN USED Education and When resistance is due to misinformation communication Participation When resisters have the expertise to make a contribution Facilitation and When resisters are fearful and anxiety-ridden support Negotiation Necessary when resistance comes from a powerful group Manipulation When a powerful group’s cooperation and an endorsement is is needed Coercion When a powerful group’s endorsement is needed

29. Change, Dilbert Style Exhibit 7.5 Source: DILBERT reprinted by permission of United Feature Syndicate, Inc.