Thomas Malthus argued in his 1798 work "An Essay on the Principle of Population" that population growth occurs exponentially while food production only increases arithmetically, leading to a food shortage crisis. He predicted population would outgrow the global food supply and force a decrease in available food per person. Malthus believed moral restraints like late marriage and abstinence could help check excessive population growth, especially among the poor and working classes.

9. Thomas Malthus : (1798) An Essay on the Principle of Population

22. Industrialization and the Environment 4. Sir Edwin Chadwick – commissioner for the poor. The Sanitary Condition of the Laboring Population of Britain. Argued that governments could do something to solve the grim conditions.

23. Industrialization and the Environment 4. Sir Edwin Chadwick – commissioner for the poor. The Sanitary Condition of the Laboring Population of Britain. Argued that governments could do something to solve the grim conditions. -suggested disposing of waste by constantly running water through a piped system. - created the first underground sanitation system…

24. Pix – 695 Kish

25. Irish Potato Famine 18 th Century – ½ of Ireland relied on potato (came from South America in 17 th century) as virtually their only source of food. On one acre of land – could raise enough to feed 10 people for a year + pay rent

26. Irish Potato Famine 1845 – blight hit (fungus causing vines to wither and potatoes to become moldy 1846 and 1847 – hit again and wiped out entire crop

27. Irish Potato Famine Worst natural disaster in 19 th Century Europe No potatoes = starvation, no rents, no homes/farms, disease, death All government assistance was worthless and furthered problems “ The Great Hunger” forced many to emigrate out of Ireland… 1841 census = 8.1 million people 1901 census = 4.5 million people Side note: 2000 census = 5.5 million

28. How did the Agricultural Revolution, Industrialization, and Population Explosion all depend on one another?