Presentation given by Dr David Santillo from the Greenpeace Research Laboratories as part of the Plenary Session: Challenges Facing CCS at the UKCCSRC Biannual Meeting - CCS in the Bigger Picture - in Cambridge, 2-3 April 2014
Canada New England Cruise Sympoium Green Cruising Paul ToppingCruise Symposium
The document discusses regulations to reduce vessel air emissions along coasts in North America. It summarizes the adoption of the North American Emission Control Area in 2010, which aims to reduce sulphur oxides by 96% and nitrogen oxides by up to 80% through stringent standards for vessel emissions. Key dates are provided for implementing reduced sulphur levels in fuel and tighter restrictions on nitrogen oxide emissions from vessels. The document also reviews technical options for vessels to comply with emissions standards through low-sulphur fuel or emissions control systems.
The document discusses emissions to air from ships and strategies for reducing air pollution beyond regulatory compliance. It outlines various air pollutants emitted from ships, such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur oxides (SOx), and regulations from the International Maritime Organization (IMO) to limit these emissions. Methods for reducing ship emissions are discussed, including using low-sulfur fuel, exhaust gas cleaning systems, and operational measures like slow steaming. The document emphasizes that reducing emissions requires approaches throughout the combustion process, from fuel preparation to exhaust cleaning.
The document discusses environmental issues related to air quality in Bengaluru, India. It provides background on the Central Pollution Control Board and describes their role in advising the government on pollution prevention. It then summarizes air quality monitoring efforts in Bengaluru, noting that PM10 levels sometimes exceed standards. Major sources of pollution are identified as vehicular emissions, road dust, and construction activities. The document recommends continued monitoring, source apportionment studies, and action plans from stakeholders to control pollution.
Legal framework for transboundary water management Raya StephanWANA forum
This document discusses frameworks for managing transboundary water resources between countries in the Western Asia-Northern Africa (WANA) region. It outlines two key international instruments that provide legal guidelines for shared water management: the UN Watercourses Convention and the Resolution on Transboundary Aquifers. These instruments establish principles of equitable and reasonable use without causing harm. The document also gives examples of regional agreements in Europe and Southern Africa that are based on these international standards. Finally, it stresses the importance of national governments strengthening their own water governance capacities as the foundation for cooperative management of cross-border water resources.
Stephan - Legal Framework of Transboundary Water ManagementLaura Haddad
The document discusses the legal frameworks for managing transboundary water resources in the Western Asia-Northern Africa (WANA) region. It makes three main points:
1) International agreements provide guidance but many shared basins in the WANA region are still managed unilaterally without cooperation. Regional examples like Europe have more comprehensive frameworks.
2) The Arab Ministerial Water Council is working to develop a legal framework for shared waters in the Arab region.
3) National water management institutions and laws need strengthening to properly manage shared resources and enable international cooperation. Enforcing national capacities is key to improving governance of transboundary resources.
Appendix i part a sea annexes_final_dec2010Severn Estuary
The document reviews policies, plans, and programmes and their relevance to the Shoreline Management Plan Review. It identifies several pieces of EU and UK legislation related to environmental protection, water quality, waste management, and flood risk that the SMP2 will need to comply with. It also discusses national and regional planning documents in Wales, including strategies that address sustainable development, spatial planning, and the environment. The review concludes that the SMP2 process should seek opportunities to work with other organizations to deliver measures with environmental benefits and ensure planning incorporates the objectives and policies of the SMP2, including considering flood risk at a catchment scale.
Appendix f policy development and appraisal final_dec2010Severn Estuary
This document summarizes the initial approach taken to develop policy options for the Severn Estuary Shoreline Management Plan Review (SMP2). The coastline was divided into Policy Units based on land use, flood and erosion risk. Potential policy options were identified for each unit considering features and objectives. Multiple options were selected for later appraisal over three epochs (0-20, 20-50, 50-100 years) to assess impacts on coastal processes and features. The aim was to identify appropriate combinations of policies to appraise for the whole coast as interactions between locations are important to developing a sustainable long-term plan.
Canada New England Cruise Sympoium Green Cruising Paul ToppingCruise Symposium
The document discusses regulations to reduce vessel air emissions along coasts in North America. It summarizes the adoption of the North American Emission Control Area in 2010, which aims to reduce sulphur oxides by 96% and nitrogen oxides by up to 80% through stringent standards for vessel emissions. Key dates are provided for implementing reduced sulphur levels in fuel and tighter restrictions on nitrogen oxide emissions from vessels. The document also reviews technical options for vessels to comply with emissions standards through low-sulphur fuel or emissions control systems.
The document discusses emissions to air from ships and strategies for reducing air pollution beyond regulatory compliance. It outlines various air pollutants emitted from ships, such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur oxides (SOx), and regulations from the International Maritime Organization (IMO) to limit these emissions. Methods for reducing ship emissions are discussed, including using low-sulfur fuel, exhaust gas cleaning systems, and operational measures like slow steaming. The document emphasizes that reducing emissions requires approaches throughout the combustion process, from fuel preparation to exhaust cleaning.
The document discusses environmental issues related to air quality in Bengaluru, India. It provides background on the Central Pollution Control Board and describes their role in advising the government on pollution prevention. It then summarizes air quality monitoring efforts in Bengaluru, noting that PM10 levels sometimes exceed standards. Major sources of pollution are identified as vehicular emissions, road dust, and construction activities. The document recommends continued monitoring, source apportionment studies, and action plans from stakeholders to control pollution.
Legal framework for transboundary water management Raya StephanWANA forum
This document discusses frameworks for managing transboundary water resources between countries in the Western Asia-Northern Africa (WANA) region. It outlines two key international instruments that provide legal guidelines for shared water management: the UN Watercourses Convention and the Resolution on Transboundary Aquifers. These instruments establish principles of equitable and reasonable use without causing harm. The document also gives examples of regional agreements in Europe and Southern Africa that are based on these international standards. Finally, it stresses the importance of national governments strengthening their own water governance capacities as the foundation for cooperative management of cross-border water resources.
Stephan - Legal Framework of Transboundary Water ManagementLaura Haddad
The document discusses the legal frameworks for managing transboundary water resources in the Western Asia-Northern Africa (WANA) region. It makes three main points:
1) International agreements provide guidance but many shared basins in the WANA region are still managed unilaterally without cooperation. Regional examples like Europe have more comprehensive frameworks.
2) The Arab Ministerial Water Council is working to develop a legal framework for shared waters in the Arab region.
3) National water management institutions and laws need strengthening to properly manage shared resources and enable international cooperation. Enforcing national capacities is key to improving governance of transboundary resources.
Appendix i part a sea annexes_final_dec2010Severn Estuary
The document reviews policies, plans, and programmes and their relevance to the Shoreline Management Plan Review. It identifies several pieces of EU and UK legislation related to environmental protection, water quality, waste management, and flood risk that the SMP2 will need to comply with. It also discusses national and regional planning documents in Wales, including strategies that address sustainable development, spatial planning, and the environment. The review concludes that the SMP2 process should seek opportunities to work with other organizations to deliver measures with environmental benefits and ensure planning incorporates the objectives and policies of the SMP2, including considering flood risk at a catchment scale.
Appendix f policy development and appraisal final_dec2010Severn Estuary
This document summarizes the initial approach taken to develop policy options for the Severn Estuary Shoreline Management Plan Review (SMP2). The coastline was divided into Policy Units based on land use, flood and erosion risk. Potential policy options were identified for each unit considering features and objectives. Multiple options were selected for later appraisal over three epochs (0-20, 20-50, 50-100 years) to assess impacts on coastal processes and features. The aim was to identify appropriate combinations of policies to appraise for the whole coast as interactions between locations are important to developing a sustainable long-term plan.
The document summarizes evolving air and water regulations for shale gas operations in Ohio. It discusses the Ohio Department of Natural Resources' primary regulatory role over oil and gas activities, with some exceptions delegated to the EPA and other state authorities. It then outlines the EPA's new air regulations for shale gas operations under the National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants and New Source Performance Standards, including requirements for emissions reductions from well completions, compressors, pneumatic controllers, and storage tanks. Finally, it briefly mentions potential water regulations around NPDES permits and dredge/fill permits.
The document summarizes the evolution of water governance in France from the 1960s to present. It discusses major laws passed, including the creation of basin committees and agencies in 1964, establishing water as a common resource in 1992, and restoring good water status in 2006. It also outlines trends towards stronger local authorities, fewer but more powerful water supply and sanitation services operators by 2020, and the implementation of integrated water resource management at national and basin levels through basin committees. The document concludes that the French model has aligned with OECD water governance principles and reflects a pragmatic approach of incremental adjustments rather than a static policy cycle.
This document provides a theme review for the Severn Estuary Shoreline Management Plan Review (SMP2). It identifies and evaluates key natural, historic, and land use features along the shoreline. The review includes summaries of relevant policies and legislation, assessments of landscape and nature conservation designations, the historic environment, and current and future land uses. It then provides more detailed summaries of these themes for 16 specific areas along the shoreline to inform the development of objectives and policy options for the SMP2.
The document summarizes a licentiate thesis about the regulation of global sulfur oxide (SOx) emissions from ships by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) between 1988 and 2008. The thesis investigated how initial proposals to reduce SOx emissions resulted in a global sulfur content cap of 4.5% in 1997 that was later revised in 2008 to 0.5% by 2020. It describes the process that started with concerns over ship emissions contributing to acidification and a goal to halve SOx emissions by 2000. Focus then turned to stricter regional limits due to lack of support for stringent global standards because of oil industry costs. The global cap was adopted as a first step but had no real effect until the 2020 deadline.
This document provides a Water Framework Directive (WFD) assessment of the Severn Estuary Shoreline Management Plan 2 (SMP2). It identifies the transitional, coastal, river, lake and groundwater bodies in the SMP2 area and assesses how the SMP2's preferred policies may impact the environmental objectives of the WFD. The assessment found that several management areas' policies have the potential to not fully meet some of the WFD objectives. It provides recommendations to better align some SMP boundaries with WFD waterbody boundaries. Overall, the assessment determines whether the SMP2's policies will help or hinder achieving the WFD's goals in different water bodies in the plan's coastal region.
The document provides an environmental assessment report for the Severn Estuary Shoreline Management Plan Review (SMP2). It summarizes the baseline environmental conditions in the study area, including populations and human health, biodiversity, fisheries, geology, land use, water, air and climate, cultural heritage, landscape and contaminated land. It then describes the strategic environmental assessment process undertaken to evaluate the potential environmental impacts of different shoreline management policies. This included developing objectives, consulting stakeholders, reviewing other relevant plans and strategies, and assessing alternative policy options. The preferred policies were selected and their impacts evaluated, including cumulative effects and mitigation measures. An implementation and monitoring plan was also developed to track effects relating to access and recreation, biodiversity
What is a Shoreline Management Plan?
Developed in partnership by local authorities, regulators and other stakeholders, a Shoreline Management Plan (SMP) is a high level non-statutory policy document designed to assist coastal flood and erosion risk management planning. It provides a large-scale assessment of the risks (to people, property, the natural and historic environment) associated with coastal erosion and flooding at the coast over the long-term. It also proposes policies to help manage these risks sustainably over the next hundred years.
The SMP enables planners and regulators to plan for and manage the way that the coast will change. This could be by maintaining or improving defences, by enabling the natural processes to play a greater role, creating new natural habitat or by helping areas that are at risk of flooding at some point in the future to cope with and limit the impact of flooding events.
The SMP2 for the Severn Estuary updates an earlier SMP1 (2000) for the estuary. It aims to provide more certainty for landowners, residents and businesses; to know how the coast will be managed by regulators during the next 100 years, so that they can plan ahead and make decisions about investments, homes, development and the management of their resources.
Stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutantsAshley Madness
The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants aims to eliminate or restrict the production and use of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) which are toxic chemicals that remain intact in the environment for long periods, become widely distributed geographically, accumulate in the fatty tissue of humans and wildlife, and have harmful impacts on human health or the environment. The Convention addresses intentional and unintentional production of POPs and provides a process for adding new POPs. Key provisions include requirements for parties to eliminate production and use of intentionally produced POPs, develop plans to reduce unintentional releases, and review and terminate specific exemptions allowed for some uses. The Convention has been amended to list additional chemicals as POPs.
Appendix b stakeholder engagement and consultation final_dec2010Severn Estuary
This document outlines the stakeholder engagement and consultation process for the Shoreline Management Plan Review (SMP2) of the Severn Estuary in the UK. It describes the various stakeholder groups involved, including a Client Steering Group, Elected Members Forum, and Key Stakeholders Group. It details the stages of stakeholder engagement during the SMP2 development and policy setting process, including identifying issues, developing policies, and public consultation. It also provides summaries of key stakeholder consultation events held from January to June 2009 to inform the SMP2 process.
The document summarizes the Severn Estuary Shoreline Management Plan Review (SMP2). Key points include:
- The SMP2 proposes draft policies for managing the Severn Estuary shoreline over the next 100 years.
- It divides the shoreline into theme areas and policy units, with a preferred policy option chosen for each unit in three time periods.
- The main policy options are hold the line, no active intervention, and managed realignment.
- Climate change is a major consideration, as sea levels are projected to rise significantly over the century.
- The SMP2 aims to guide decisions on shoreline development in a sustainable way that considers risks to communities and
The document discusses the Pollution Control Board, its powers and functions regarding water and air pollution in India. It outlines that the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act of 1974 and the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act of 1981 established the Central Pollution Control Board and State Pollution Control Boards to prevent and control water and air pollution. The Central and State Boards are empowered to coordinate programs, issue standards, inspect plants, advise governments, and perform other functions related to pollution prevention.
Appendix c baseline understanding final_dec2010Severn Estuary
This document contains three parts that provide baseline information for the Severn Estuary Shoreline Management Plan Review (SMP2):
Part A assesses coastal processes and evolution in the estuary based on geology, geomorphology, hydrodynamics, and sediment transport.
Part B details existing coastal defences along the shoreline based on surveys and updates from local authorities. It considers residual life of defences over 20, 50, and 100 years.
Part C develops baseline scenarios of shoreline change under conditions of No Active Intervention (NAI) and With Present Management (WPM), taking into account climate change and potential defence failure over different time periods. It aims to improve understanding of coastal risks to inform SMP
Appendix k metadata and bibliographic database final_dec2010Severn Estuary
This document provides a bibliographic database of references used in developing the Severn Estuary Shoreline Management Plan Review (SMP2). It is divided into two parts: Part A lists key documents and reports produced for the SMP2, including the main SMP2 document and its appendices on development, stakeholder engagement, baseline understanding, theme review, policy development, and environmental assessments. Part B lists mapped data and digital information used in the SMP2, including policy maps, flood/erosion maps, and theme maps. The references provide transparency on the information and evidence base supporting the SMP2.
This document discusses several initiatives related to water and adaptation to climate change. It describes four alliances that have been formed between organizations involved in water management, including alliances of basin organizations, megacities, desalination, and businesses. It outlines upcoming events focusing on water issues. The document also summarizes pilot projects being undertaken in China and Mexico to address integrated water resources management and climate adaptation.
Smp2 part b policy statements intro sections_finalSevern Estuary
This document summarizes changes in shoreline management policies between the SMP1 and the proposed SMP2 around the Severn Estuary. Key points:
- Policy changes are proposed upstream of the River Usk, around Congresbury Yeo, the Avon, Alvington, Sharpness, the upper Severn, and the Noose and Elmore areas.
- Changes reflect a better understanding of long-term tidal flood risks in these areas and opportunities to create new intertidal habitat.
- The potential outcomes of these policy changes over 50-100 years include allowing tidal flood risks to certain areas to be managed more naturally in the long run.
Martina Hennessy, Informatics Manager, EPA delivered this presentation on managing and visualising the EPA's water data on September 10th 2015 at a Compass Informatics workshop.
The document discusses concerns about ocean iron fertilization (OIF) as a form of marine geoengineering and efforts to establish governance. It notes that in 2007, private companies planned large-scale OIF projects without oversight, raising concerns. In response, international agreements were established to restrict OIF to small-scale scientific research and create an assessment framework. However, gaps remain in governance and oversight. To address these, the brief recommends strengthening transparency requirements and establishing independent assessment panels to evaluate impacts.
The UN General Assembly has adopted several resolutions on the law of transboundary aquifers:
- Resolution 63/124 in 2008 took note of draft articles on this topic and encouraged cooperation.
- In 2011, the Secretary General reported comments from governments on the draft articles, including from several Arab states.
- Resolution A/66/477 in 2011 further encouraged cooperation, continued examination of the draft articles, and added this topic to the 68th session agenda.
The document discusses South Africa's proposed ratification of the Minamata Convention on Mercury. It outlines the health and environmental dangers of mercury, and notes that human activities have increased mercury levels globally. It argues that ratifying the convention would allow South Africa to access financial and technical assistance to reduce mercury emissions and releases. However, significantly reducing emissions would require billions of rands, and the country cannot afford it alone. The document recommends parliamentary approval of South Africa's ratification.
Regulatory Framework for Carbon Dioxide Sub-seabed Storage - Safety and Poten...Global CCS Institute
Presentation delivered to a Global CCS Institute symposium on Policy and Regulatory Frameworks for CCS in Tokyo on 3 September 2013.
Presentation by Office of Marine Environment, Water Environment Division, Environmental Management Bureau, Ministry of Environment Japan.
Ricardo-AEA provided technical support to the European Commission in assessing the environmental, social and economic impacts of policy proposals to reduce GHG emissions from the international shipping sector.
Despite some recent progress in the IMO negotiations with respect to technical measures for new ships, the emissions of existing vessels are still not regulated. At the European level, a range of targets have been set concerning economy-wide GHG emission reductions. International shipping is the only sector not included in EU level GHG reduction targets. The modelling projections developed for this project show that under the baseline scenario CO2 emissions from European maritime transport would increase by over 50% between 2010 and 2050. As such, there is a pressing need to take action to control the growing GHG emissions from the international maritime sector.
The document summarizes evolving air and water regulations for shale gas operations in Ohio. It discusses the Ohio Department of Natural Resources' primary regulatory role over oil and gas activities, with some exceptions delegated to the EPA and other state authorities. It then outlines the EPA's new air regulations for shale gas operations under the National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants and New Source Performance Standards, including requirements for emissions reductions from well completions, compressors, pneumatic controllers, and storage tanks. Finally, it briefly mentions potential water regulations around NPDES permits and dredge/fill permits.
The document summarizes the evolution of water governance in France from the 1960s to present. It discusses major laws passed, including the creation of basin committees and agencies in 1964, establishing water as a common resource in 1992, and restoring good water status in 2006. It also outlines trends towards stronger local authorities, fewer but more powerful water supply and sanitation services operators by 2020, and the implementation of integrated water resource management at national and basin levels through basin committees. The document concludes that the French model has aligned with OECD water governance principles and reflects a pragmatic approach of incremental adjustments rather than a static policy cycle.
This document provides a theme review for the Severn Estuary Shoreline Management Plan Review (SMP2). It identifies and evaluates key natural, historic, and land use features along the shoreline. The review includes summaries of relevant policies and legislation, assessments of landscape and nature conservation designations, the historic environment, and current and future land uses. It then provides more detailed summaries of these themes for 16 specific areas along the shoreline to inform the development of objectives and policy options for the SMP2.
The document summarizes a licentiate thesis about the regulation of global sulfur oxide (SOx) emissions from ships by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) between 1988 and 2008. The thesis investigated how initial proposals to reduce SOx emissions resulted in a global sulfur content cap of 4.5% in 1997 that was later revised in 2008 to 0.5% by 2020. It describes the process that started with concerns over ship emissions contributing to acidification and a goal to halve SOx emissions by 2000. Focus then turned to stricter regional limits due to lack of support for stringent global standards because of oil industry costs. The global cap was adopted as a first step but had no real effect until the 2020 deadline.
This document provides a Water Framework Directive (WFD) assessment of the Severn Estuary Shoreline Management Plan 2 (SMP2). It identifies the transitional, coastal, river, lake and groundwater bodies in the SMP2 area and assesses how the SMP2's preferred policies may impact the environmental objectives of the WFD. The assessment found that several management areas' policies have the potential to not fully meet some of the WFD objectives. It provides recommendations to better align some SMP boundaries with WFD waterbody boundaries. Overall, the assessment determines whether the SMP2's policies will help or hinder achieving the WFD's goals in different water bodies in the plan's coastal region.
The document provides an environmental assessment report for the Severn Estuary Shoreline Management Plan Review (SMP2). It summarizes the baseline environmental conditions in the study area, including populations and human health, biodiversity, fisheries, geology, land use, water, air and climate, cultural heritage, landscape and contaminated land. It then describes the strategic environmental assessment process undertaken to evaluate the potential environmental impacts of different shoreline management policies. This included developing objectives, consulting stakeholders, reviewing other relevant plans and strategies, and assessing alternative policy options. The preferred policies were selected and their impacts evaluated, including cumulative effects and mitigation measures. An implementation and monitoring plan was also developed to track effects relating to access and recreation, biodiversity
What is a Shoreline Management Plan?
Developed in partnership by local authorities, regulators and other stakeholders, a Shoreline Management Plan (SMP) is a high level non-statutory policy document designed to assist coastal flood and erosion risk management planning. It provides a large-scale assessment of the risks (to people, property, the natural and historic environment) associated with coastal erosion and flooding at the coast over the long-term. It also proposes policies to help manage these risks sustainably over the next hundred years.
The SMP enables planners and regulators to plan for and manage the way that the coast will change. This could be by maintaining or improving defences, by enabling the natural processes to play a greater role, creating new natural habitat or by helping areas that are at risk of flooding at some point in the future to cope with and limit the impact of flooding events.
The SMP2 for the Severn Estuary updates an earlier SMP1 (2000) for the estuary. It aims to provide more certainty for landowners, residents and businesses; to know how the coast will be managed by regulators during the next 100 years, so that they can plan ahead and make decisions about investments, homes, development and the management of their resources.
Stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutantsAshley Madness
The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants aims to eliminate or restrict the production and use of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) which are toxic chemicals that remain intact in the environment for long periods, become widely distributed geographically, accumulate in the fatty tissue of humans and wildlife, and have harmful impacts on human health or the environment. The Convention addresses intentional and unintentional production of POPs and provides a process for adding new POPs. Key provisions include requirements for parties to eliminate production and use of intentionally produced POPs, develop plans to reduce unintentional releases, and review and terminate specific exemptions allowed for some uses. The Convention has been amended to list additional chemicals as POPs.
Appendix b stakeholder engagement and consultation final_dec2010Severn Estuary
This document outlines the stakeholder engagement and consultation process for the Shoreline Management Plan Review (SMP2) of the Severn Estuary in the UK. It describes the various stakeholder groups involved, including a Client Steering Group, Elected Members Forum, and Key Stakeholders Group. It details the stages of stakeholder engagement during the SMP2 development and policy setting process, including identifying issues, developing policies, and public consultation. It also provides summaries of key stakeholder consultation events held from January to June 2009 to inform the SMP2 process.
The document summarizes the Severn Estuary Shoreline Management Plan Review (SMP2). Key points include:
- The SMP2 proposes draft policies for managing the Severn Estuary shoreline over the next 100 years.
- It divides the shoreline into theme areas and policy units, with a preferred policy option chosen for each unit in three time periods.
- The main policy options are hold the line, no active intervention, and managed realignment.
- Climate change is a major consideration, as sea levels are projected to rise significantly over the century.
- The SMP2 aims to guide decisions on shoreline development in a sustainable way that considers risks to communities and
The document discusses the Pollution Control Board, its powers and functions regarding water and air pollution in India. It outlines that the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act of 1974 and the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act of 1981 established the Central Pollution Control Board and State Pollution Control Boards to prevent and control water and air pollution. The Central and State Boards are empowered to coordinate programs, issue standards, inspect plants, advise governments, and perform other functions related to pollution prevention.
Appendix c baseline understanding final_dec2010Severn Estuary
This document contains three parts that provide baseline information for the Severn Estuary Shoreline Management Plan Review (SMP2):
Part A assesses coastal processes and evolution in the estuary based on geology, geomorphology, hydrodynamics, and sediment transport.
Part B details existing coastal defences along the shoreline based on surveys and updates from local authorities. It considers residual life of defences over 20, 50, and 100 years.
Part C develops baseline scenarios of shoreline change under conditions of No Active Intervention (NAI) and With Present Management (WPM), taking into account climate change and potential defence failure over different time periods. It aims to improve understanding of coastal risks to inform SMP
Appendix k metadata and bibliographic database final_dec2010Severn Estuary
This document provides a bibliographic database of references used in developing the Severn Estuary Shoreline Management Plan Review (SMP2). It is divided into two parts: Part A lists key documents and reports produced for the SMP2, including the main SMP2 document and its appendices on development, stakeholder engagement, baseline understanding, theme review, policy development, and environmental assessments. Part B lists mapped data and digital information used in the SMP2, including policy maps, flood/erosion maps, and theme maps. The references provide transparency on the information and evidence base supporting the SMP2.
This document discusses several initiatives related to water and adaptation to climate change. It describes four alliances that have been formed between organizations involved in water management, including alliances of basin organizations, megacities, desalination, and businesses. It outlines upcoming events focusing on water issues. The document also summarizes pilot projects being undertaken in China and Mexico to address integrated water resources management and climate adaptation.
Smp2 part b policy statements intro sections_finalSevern Estuary
This document summarizes changes in shoreline management policies between the SMP1 and the proposed SMP2 around the Severn Estuary. Key points:
- Policy changes are proposed upstream of the River Usk, around Congresbury Yeo, the Avon, Alvington, Sharpness, the upper Severn, and the Noose and Elmore areas.
- Changes reflect a better understanding of long-term tidal flood risks in these areas and opportunities to create new intertidal habitat.
- The potential outcomes of these policy changes over 50-100 years include allowing tidal flood risks to certain areas to be managed more naturally in the long run.
Martina Hennessy, Informatics Manager, EPA delivered this presentation on managing and visualising the EPA's water data on September 10th 2015 at a Compass Informatics workshop.
The document discusses concerns about ocean iron fertilization (OIF) as a form of marine geoengineering and efforts to establish governance. It notes that in 2007, private companies planned large-scale OIF projects without oversight, raising concerns. In response, international agreements were established to restrict OIF to small-scale scientific research and create an assessment framework. However, gaps remain in governance and oversight. To address these, the brief recommends strengthening transparency requirements and establishing independent assessment panels to evaluate impacts.
The UN General Assembly has adopted several resolutions on the law of transboundary aquifers:
- Resolution 63/124 in 2008 took note of draft articles on this topic and encouraged cooperation.
- In 2011, the Secretary General reported comments from governments on the draft articles, including from several Arab states.
- Resolution A/66/477 in 2011 further encouraged cooperation, continued examination of the draft articles, and added this topic to the 68th session agenda.
The document discusses South Africa's proposed ratification of the Minamata Convention on Mercury. It outlines the health and environmental dangers of mercury, and notes that human activities have increased mercury levels globally. It argues that ratifying the convention would allow South Africa to access financial and technical assistance to reduce mercury emissions and releases. However, significantly reducing emissions would require billions of rands, and the country cannot afford it alone. The document recommends parliamentary approval of South Africa's ratification.
Similar to Issues in international regulation of CCS... ...the case of the London Protocol - Dr David Santillo at the UKCCSRC Biannual, Cambridge April 2014
Regulatory Framework for Carbon Dioxide Sub-seabed Storage - Safety and Poten...Global CCS Institute
Presentation delivered to a Global CCS Institute symposium on Policy and Regulatory Frameworks for CCS in Tokyo on 3 September 2013.
Presentation by Office of Marine Environment, Water Environment Division, Environmental Management Bureau, Ministry of Environment Japan.
Ricardo-AEA provided technical support to the European Commission in assessing the environmental, social and economic impacts of policy proposals to reduce GHG emissions from the international shipping sector.
Despite some recent progress in the IMO negotiations with respect to technical measures for new ships, the emissions of existing vessels are still not regulated. At the European level, a range of targets have been set concerning economy-wide GHG emission reductions. International shipping is the only sector not included in EU level GHG reduction targets. The modelling projections developed for this project show that under the baseline scenario CO2 emissions from European maritime transport would increase by over 50% between 2010 and 2050. As such, there is a pressing need to take action to control the growing GHG emissions from the international maritime sector.
This document provides an overview of IMO regulations for improving ship energy efficiency, including:
- Chapter 4 of MARPOL Annex VI establishes mandatory energy efficiency standards for ships through the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) for new ships and the Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP) for all ships.
- IMO resolutions provide guidelines for calculating the EEDI and developing SEEMPs.
- Ships must undergo surveys and be issued an International Energy Efficiency Certificate verifying compliance with Chapter 4 requirements.
The document discusses various types and sources of marine pollution. It defines marine pollution as the introduction of harmful substances into the ocean by human activity. The largest sources are land-based, especially nonpoint source pollution. It also outlines the roles of key international organizations like IMO and conventions like MARPOL, LC, and LP in regulating marine dumping and discharges from ships. The case of Mauritius v. UK demonstrates how an MPA was established over Chagos Archipelago against Mauritius' claims, violating their sovereignty and human rights.
Green Cruising John Hansen, Michael Crye, Paul ToppingCanada Cruise
The document discusses regulating vessel air emissions in Canada and the North American Emission Control Area. Key points include:
1) The North American Emission Control Area was adopted in March 2010 to reduce sulphur oxides by 96% and nitrogen oxides up to 80% along coastal waters.
2) Key implementation dates for the emission control area and global standards include 2012 for 1% sulphur limits in the area, and 2020 for 0.5% global sulphur limits.
3) Canada will assess regulatory options to implement the emission control area standards and address emissions in the Great Lakes, seeking a bi-national approach with the US.
The Water Act of 1974 aims to prevent and control water pollution in India. It established centralized and state pollution control boards to monitor water quality and enforce the act. The key objectives are to maintain water quality, restrict pollution discharges, and restore degraded water bodies. It also defines the powers and responsibilities of the central and state pollution control boards in enforcing the act.
This document summarizes several developments related to IMO regulations and actions by India regarding shipping. It outlines upcoming dates for new MARPOL Annex VI regulations to take effect regarding sulfur limits and the carriage ban on non-compliant fuel. It also mentions India banning single-use plastics on ships in its waters, approving the sale of a majority stake in Shipping Corporation of India, upgrading safety at ship dismantling yards, and increasing restrictions on where Indian seafarers can work due to piracy concerns.
Introduction of IWEco Project, April 2019 pdf (1)iweco-project
An introduction to the GEF-funded Integrating Water, Land and Ecosystems Management in Caribbean Small island Developing States (IWEco) Project, presented at the Project's Third Regional Project Steering Committee Meeting, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, 2 April 2019
This document summarizes a workshop on understanding, monitoring, and mitigating potential environmental effects of CO2 leakage from carbon capture and storage (CCS) projects in marine and terrestrial environments.
The workshop aimed to identify current research gaps on CO2 leakage effects, issues in current research, and further areas of investigation needed before large-scale CCS deployment. Workshop attendees discussed requirements and barriers for detecting CO2 leaks in marine environments, and knowledge gaps regarding potential onshore and offshore leakage scenarios. Key gaps identified included regional geological knowledge, fault behavior, improved CO2 sensors, and modeling various leakage scenarios. The social aspects of public engagement with CCS were also discussed.
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Presentation delivered to a Global CCS Institute symposium on Policy and Regulatory Frameworks for CCS in Tokyo on 3 September 2013. Presentation by Ian Havercroft of the Global CCS Institute.
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- Some concerns about whether market-based solutions through carbon trading can effectively address climate change or potentially increase financial instability.
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Similar to Issues in international regulation of CCS... ...the case of the London Protocol - Dr David Santillo at the UKCCSRC Biannual, Cambridge April 2014 (20)
CCUS Roadmap for Mexico - presentation by M. Vita Peralta Martínez (IIE - Electric Research Institute, Mexico) for the UKCCSRC, Edinburgh, 13 November 2015
Advances in Rock Physics Modelling and Improved Estimation of CO2 Saturation, Giorgos Papageorgiou - Geophysical Modelling for CO2 Storage, Leeds, 3 November 2015
Numerical Modelling of Fracture Growth and Caprock Integrity During CO2 Injection, Adriana Paluszny - Geophysical Modelling for CO2 Storage, Leeds, 3 November 2015
1) The document discusses assessing uncertainty in time-lapse seismic response due to geomechanical deformation.
2) It presents a multi-physics solution that couples fluid flow and geomechanics modeling to better understand stress changes over time.
3) An example application to the Valhall oil field models pore pressure changes and resulting geomechanical effects, partitioning the domain for parallel modeling of the overburden, reservoir, and underburden.
Modelling Fault Reactivation, Induced Seismicity, and Leakage During Underground CO2 Injection, Jonny Rutquvist - Geophysical Modelling for CO2 Storage, Leeds, 3 November 2015
Pore scale dynamics and the interpretation of flow processes - Martin Blunt, Imperial College London, at UKCCSRC specialist meeting Flow and Transport for CO2 Storage, 29-30 October 2015
Passive seismic monitoring for CO2 storage sites - Anna Stork, University of Bristol at UKCCSRC specialist meeting Geophysical modelling for CO2 storage, monitoring and appraisal, 3 November 2015
Multiphase flow modelling of calcite dissolution patterns from core scale to reservoir scale - Jeroen Snippe, Shell, at UKCCSRC specialist meeting Flow and Transport for CO2 Storage, 29-30 October 2015
Long term safety of geological co2 storage: lessons from Bravo Dome Natural CO2 reservoir - Marc Hesse, University of Texas at Austin, at UKCCSRC specialist meeting Flow and Transport for CO2 Storage, 29-30 October 2015
This document discusses an industrial CCS project on Teesside involving BOC Teesside Hydrogen, ICCS Teesside, and the Teesside Collective 2030. It notes an 8-year relationship with Progressive Energy and leadership from the Teesside Collective. Research challenges include determining the appropriate technology, whether to use a pilot plant or full scale, linking with key industries, supporting cost-effective solutions, and driving down costs over time.
This document summarizes a presentation on the Teesside Collective Industrial CCS Project in the UK. It discusses:
1) The project objectives to capture, transport, and store 2.8 million tonnes of CO2 per year from multiple industrial sources.
2) The required infrastructure including capture facilities, gathering pipelines, boosting stations, offshore transportation, and storage.
3) Insights on the challenges of estimating costs and developing a business case for a project with variable CO2 sources across different industries.
4) Key research challenges around reducing costs, appraising storage options, acceptable financial support mechanisms, and gaining public acceptance of CCS.
The document summarizes funding opportunities for carbon capture and storage (CCS) projects under the Horizon 2020 Energy program. It outlines two CCS-related topics for 2016 with a total budget of €27M: international cooperation with South Korea on improved capture processes, and utilizing captured CO2 as feedstock. It also mentions an expected CCS funding call in 2016 under the ERANET Cofund mechanism. Additional details are provided on Horizon 2020, Research and Innovation Actions, and contact information for assistance.
Research Coordination Network on Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage Funded by National Science Foundation in USA - A.-H. Alissa Park, Columbia University - UKCCSRC Strathclyde Biannual 8-9 September 2015
Computational Modelling and Optimisation of Carbon Capture Reactors, Daniel Sebastiá Sáez, Cranfield University - UKCCSRC Strathclyde Biannual 8-9 September 2015
Effective Adsorbents for Establishing Solids Looping as a Next Generation NG PCC Technology, Hao Liu, University of Nottingham - UKCCSRC Strathclyde Biannual 8-9 September 2015
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Issues in international regulation of CCS... ...the case of the London Protocol - Dr David Santillo at the UKCCSRC Biannual, Cambridge April 2014
1. Issues in international
regulation of CCS...
...the case of the London Protocol
David Santillo & Paul Johnston
Greenpeace Research Laboratories
@ The University of Exeter
3rd April 2014 1CCS in the Bigger Picture Agenda | UKCCS Research Centre
2. The London Protocol (1996)
• Developed from the 1972 Convention on the
Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes
and Other Matter (London Convention)
• Convention evolved from permitting regime to
instrument for marine environment protection
– Ban on radioactive waste disposal (1993)
– Ban on industrial waste dumping and incineration at sea
(1996)
• London Protocol designed to consolidate progress and
ultimately replace Convention
– Precautionary approach
– Reverse list of wastes
– Explicit protection for seabed and subsoil
3rd April 2014 CCS in the Bigger Picture Agenda 2
3. 3rd April 2014 CCS in the Bigger Picture Agenda 3
Source: www.imo.org
4. The “sea” includes the seabed
ARTICLE 1 (definitions): For the purposes of this Protocol:
7 "Sea" means all marine waters other than the internal waters of States,
as well as the seabed and the subsoil thereof; it does not include sub-
seabed repositories accessed only from land.
4 .1 "Dumping" means:
.1 any deliberate disposal into the sea of wastes or other matter from
vessels, aircraft, platforms or other man-made structures at sea;
.2 any deliberate disposal into the sea of vessels, aircraft, platforms or
other man-made structures at sea;
.3 any storage of wastes or other matter in the seabed and the subsoil
thereof from vessels, aircraft, platforms or other man-made structures at
sea; and
3rd April 2014 CCS in the Bigger Picture Agenda 4
5. “Ocean Disposal/Sequestration of
Carbon Dioxide” Greenpeace 1999
• Raised concerns for
marine environment
regarding CCS, as well as
direct ocean disposal and
ocean fertilization
• Led to LC Scientific Group
conclusion that “fossil-
fuel derived CO2 was an
industrial waste”
• Conclusion not endorsed
by Meeting of Parties
later in 1999
3rd April 2014 CCS in the Bigger Picture Agenda 5
6. “Mitigating the environmental impacts on the oceans
of climate change” UK, 2004
“With the London
Convention
responsible for
protecting the marine
environment in
relation to deposits in
the sea, it has a key
role to play in the
legal and scientific
assessment of the
option of CO2
sequestration there”.
3rd April 2014 CCS in the Bigger Picture Agenda 6
7. Timeline to amendment of Annex 1
(“reverse list”)
3rd April 2014 CCS in the Bigger Picture Agenda 7
2004
Parties consider
challenges
presented by
climate change
and acidification –
included issue on
work programme
2005
Significant
disagreement
among Parties
about approach to
take – meeting
nonetheless
agrees to regulate
2006
Amendment to
include CO2
streams for sub-
seabed CCS put to
vote – 12 in
favour, 5 abstained
Scientific
Group
Scientific
Group
Working
Groups
8. Resolution LP.1(1) amending Annex 1
Additional waste stream added to “reverse list”:
1.8 Carbon dioxide streams from carbon dioxide capture processes for
sequestration
4 Carbon dioxide streams referred to in paragraph 1.8 may only be considered
for dumping, if:
• .1 disposal is into a sub-seabed geological formation; and
• .2 they consist overwhelmingly of carbon dioxide. They may contain
incidental associated substances derived from the source material and the
capture and sequestration processes used; and
• 3 no wastes or other matter are added for the purpose of disposing of
those wastes or other matter.
3rd April 2014 CCS in the Bigger Picture Agenda 8
9. Timeline to develop Assessment
Framework for sub-seabed CCS
3rd April 2014 CCS in the Bigger Picture Agenda 9
2005
Parties note need
for assessment
tools for sub-
seabed CCS, to
ensure protection
of marine
environment
2006
Parties adopt Risk
Assessment &
Management
Framework for
sub-seabed CCS
(CS-SSGS)
2007
Parties adopt
Specific Guidelines
for Assessment of
CO2 streams for
disposal into sub-
seabed
formations
Scientific
Group
Scientific
Group
Working
Groups
10. Specific Guidelines for sub-seabed CCS
Required considerations include inter alia:
• Waste prevention audit
• Other waste management options
• Chemical characterisation
• Site selection & characterisation
• Effects assessment
• Monitoring & Risk Management (incl. mitigation
or remediation)
• Permit & permit conditions
3rd April 2014 CCS in the Bigger Picture Agenda 10
11. Export of CO2 streams for
sub-seabed CCS?
ORIGINAL ARTICLE 6: EXPORT OF WASTES OR OTHER MATTER
“Contracting Parties shall not allow the export of wastes or
other matter to other countries for dumping or
incineration at sea”.
• Viewed as a barrier to development of CCS, especially in
Europe (cf Directive 2009/31/EC)
• Efforts by some Parties began in 2008 with aim to
“overcome legislative barrier”
3rd April 2014 CCS in the Bigger Picture Agenda 11
12. Timeline to amendment of Article 6
3rd April 2014 CCS in the Bigger Picture Agenda 12
2008
First proposals by
some Parties to
amend Annex 6 to
allow export of
CO2 for CCS –
many Parties felt it
was too early
2009
Proposed
amendment put to
vote – 15 in
favour, 1 against, 6
abstained – deep
concerns amongst
many Parties
2013
Parties adopt
additional
guidance on the
interpretation of
Art. 6 amendment
– to date, only 2
Parties ratified
Scientific
Group
Scientific
Groups
Correspondence
Group
13. 2009 amendment to Article 6
1 Contracting Parties shall not allow the export of wastes or other matter to other countries for
dumping or incineration at sea.
2 Notwithstanding paragraph 1, the export of carbon dioxide streams for disposal in accordance
with annex 1 may occur, provided that an agreement or arrangement has been entered into
by the countries concerned. Such an agreement or arrangement shall include:
2.1 confirmation and allocation of permitting responsibilities between the exporting and
receiving countries, consistent with the provisions of this Protocol and other applicable
international law; and
2.2 in the case of export to non-Contracting Parties, provisions at a minimum equivalent to
those contained in this Protocol, including those relating to the issuance of permits and
permit conditions for complying with the provisions of annex 2, to ensure that the
agreement or arrangement does not derogate from the obligations of Contracting Parties
under this Protocol to protect and preserve the marine environment.
A Contracting Party entering into such an agreement or arrangement shall notify it to the
Organization.
3rd April 2014 CCS in the Bigger Picture Agenda 13
14. 2013 guidance on interpretation of
amendment to Article 6
• Provides clarification on content of agreements,
permitting responsibilities & consistency with
other international law
• In the case of export to non-Contracting Parties,
stresses that the obligations under 6.2.2.2 remain
fully with the Contracting Party exporting the
waste stream
• 2 Parties have ratified Art. 6 amendment, 2 more
in process...approx. 30 needed for entry into
force before export is allowed for sub-seabed CCS
3rd April 2014 CCS in the Bigger Picture Agenda 14
15. Reporting on application of guidelines
• LC-LP Meetings receive updates on progress of
CCS projects, including…
– Norway (Sleipner, Snøhvit, Mongstad)
– UK (Peterhead, White Rose)
– Netherlands (CATO-2)
– Brazil, Denmark, Japan
– EC, IEA
• BUT to date no reports on the application of the
guidelines (which should guide CCS project
development, including site selection)
• Reporting is essential for transparency and trust
3rd April 2014 CCS in the Bigger Picture Agenda 15
16. Summary: key concerns re LP amendments
to facilitate sub-seabed CCS
• Both CCS–related amendments to LP required adoption
by vote - no consensus of Parties
• Definition of CO2 streams in Annex 1 remains
ambiguous and open to interpretation
• 2009 amendment to allow export of CO2 for sub-
seabed CCS was hasty and not properly thought
through (especially with regard to export to non-
Contracting Parties)
• So far no reports on application of the guidelines,
despite rush to adopt and amend them
• Waste Prevention Audit generally ignored in the case of
CCS, despite obligations on Parties under the LP
3rd April 2014 CCS in the Bigger Picture Agenda 16
17. Wider concerns regarding CCS
• Safety of capture & transport
• Security and integrity of storage
• Ability to monitor and verify
• Impacts of monitoring techniques
• Ability to detect and intervene to control leaks
• Transboundary migration post-disposal
• Displacement and dispersal of brines
• Lock-in to fossil fuel with further energy penalties
• Cost of infrastructure and implementation
• Timescales too long for urgent emissions cuts
3rd April 2014 CCS in the Bigger Picture Agenda 17
19. NGO joint statement on coal and
carbon capture and storage (2008)
• focus on renewables and
energy efficiency;
• introduce greenhouse gas
emissions standards;
• introduce emission standards
for existing plants from 2020;
• keep a clear focus in any CCS
demonstration programme;
• introduce strong legislation
on CO2 storage and transport.
3rd April 2014 CCS in the Bigger Picture Agenda 19