The document discusses database normalization through third normal form. It describes eliminating repeating groups and redundant data by creating separate tables for each set of related data identified by a primary key. These tables should have no non-key attributes that are functionally dependent on other non-prime attributes. The document also covers one-to-one, one-to-many, and many-to-many relationships and discusses whether an application is better suited for online transaction processing or online analytical processing.