Improvements in algorithms, technology, and computation are directly impacting the landscape of information use in materials science. The 3 V’s of Big Data (volume, velocity, and variety) are becoming evermore apparent within all sectors of the field. Novel approaches will be required to confront the emerging data deluge and extract the richest knowledge from simulated and empirical information in complex evolving 3-D spaces. Microstructure Informatics (μInformatics) is an emerging suite of signal processing techniques, advanced statistical tools, and data science methods tailored specifically for this new frontier. μInformatics curates and transforms large collections of materials science information using efficient workflows to extract knowledge of bi-directional structure-property/processing connections for most material classes. In this talk, a few early case studies in data-driven methods to solve materials science problems will be explored. Emerging spatial statistics tools will be explored that enable an objective comparison of static and evolving 3-D material volumes from molecular dynamics simulation, micro-CT, and Scanning Electron Microscopy. Also, the statistics will provide a foundation to create improved bottom-up homogenization relationships in fuel cell materials. Lastly, applications of the Materials Knowledge System, a data-driven meta-model to create top-down localization relationships will be explored for phase field model and finite element model information.