This document discusses how predictive maintenance and route optimization use data science to enhance transportation. Predictive maintenance uses data and machine learning to forecast when infrastructure and vehicle maintenance should occur to improve safety and reduce costs. Route optimization determines the most efficient routes for vehicles by taking into account real-time traffic, weather, and delivery restrictions to decrease travel time and fuel consumption. The document provides examples of how Uber, Singapore, UPS, and FedEx apply these data science techniques in transportation.