Data Collection in statistics only one topic is discussed and with brief notes.explanation of statistics ,data collection techniques and types of data which are required to get information on data analyzing step.discussed further on data measuring and errors occurrence in the data .data analyzing is described with examples and in great detail and every concept is discussed with examples

2. Course

3. HISTORY
O The History of statistics can be said to
start around 1749 although, over time, there
have been changes to the interpretation of
the word statistics. In early times, the
meaning was restricted to information
about states. In modern terms, "statistics"
means both sets of collected information,
as in national accounts and temperature
records, and analytical work which
requires statistical inference.

4. DEFINITION
O Statistics is the sciences and art of dealing
with figures and facts.
O Statistics is well defined as collection,
presentation, analysis and interpretation of
numerical data collected from different
sources.

5. MY TOPIC

6. STATISTICAL DATA
O A sequence of observation, made on a set of
objects included in the sample drawn from
population is known as statistical data.

7. DATA TYPES
UN-GROUPEDDATA:
GROUPED
DATA:
O Data which have
been arranged in a
systematic order are
called raw data or
ungrouped data.
O Data presented in
the form of
frequency
distribution is called
grouped data.

8. DATA COLLECTION
O The first step in any investigation is
collection of data. The data may be
collected for the whole population or for a
sample only. It is mostly collected on
sample basis. Collection of data is very
difficult job. The investigator is the well
trained person who collects the statistical
data. The respondents are the persons from
whom the information is collected.

9. What methods should be used to collect
data?
The selection of a method for collecting
information must balance several concerns
including
O Resources must be available
O Analysis and reporting
O Relevant study
O And the skill of the evaluator

10. Classification of data
Both types are further explained
below:

11. PRIMARY DATA
O The primary data is the first hand
information collected , compiled and
published by organization for some specific
purpose. They are most original data and
have not yet have gone under any statistical
treatment.
e.g. Population census reports are primary
data because these are collected, complied
and published by the population census
organization.

12. METHODS
O Personal Investigation: The researcher
conducts the survey and collect data from it.
This data is usually accurate and more reliable.
O Through Investigation: Trained investigators
are employed to collect the data. This data is
collected by contacting individuals and by filling
questionnaire. This is most popular method.

13. O Collection Through questionnaire:The
researchers get the data from local
representatives that are based upon their own
experience. This method is quick but only rough
estimate.
O Through Telephone: The researchers get
information through telephone this method is
quick and give accurate information but is
expensive.

14. SECONDARY DATA
O The secondary data are the second hand
information which are already collected by
some organization for some purpose and are
available for the present study. The
secondary data are not pure in character
and have undergone some statistical
treatment at least once.
e.g. Economics survey of a country is
secondary data because these are collected by
more than one organization like Bureau of
statistics, Board of Revenue, the Banks etc…

15. METHODS
O Official: e.g. employee’s in a bank, Ministry of
finance, Ministry of food, labor etc….
O Semi –Official: e.g. State Bank, Railway Board,
Central Cotton Committee, Boards of Economic
Enquiry etc….
O Technical and trade Journals and Newspapers.
O Research Organizations such as Universities and
other institutes.

16. To understand the concepts easily let us take an
example.
e.g. Suppose we are interested to find the average
age of MS students. We collect the age’s data by two
methods; either by directly collecting from each
student himself personally or getting their ages
from the university record. The data collected by
the direct personal investigation is called primary
data and the data obtained from the university
record is called secondary data.
FOR BETTER UNDERSTANDING

17. We have delivered our
message to you. Hope! You
understand that.