The document discusses the differences between data and information. Data refers to raw facts, while information is processed data organized in a meaningful way for human interpretation. An information system is then defined as a combination of hardware, software, and personnel that processes data into useful information to facilitate planning, control, and decision making in an organization. Some common types of information systems are also listed.

1. DATA
 Raw materials
 Unprocessed
information
 Not useful for business
decision making
 Always use as input of
an Information System
1
Shah Md. Safiul Hoque, Associate Professor of MIS

2. INFORMATION
Processed data
Organized in a
meaningful way
Useful for business
decision making
Can be used as data
(refine input) for
producing even
better information. 2
Shah Md. Safiul Hoque, Associate Professor of MIS

3. Data refers to isolated
facts concerning things
such as people, objectives,
events or things.
Information is data that
have been processed and
presented in a form suitable
for human interpretation.
This could be organized or
summarized data for certain
purpose. 3
Shah Md. Safiul Hoque, Associate Professor of MIS

4. 4
Shah Md. Safiul Hoque, Associate Professor of MIS

5. Shah Md. Safiul Hoque, Associate Professor of MIS
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Relevant for its purpose
Sufficiently accurate for its purpose
Complete enough for the problem
From the source in which the user has confidence
Communicated to the right person
Communicated in time for its purpose
Which contains the right level of detail
> Communicated by an appropriate channel of
communication
Which is understandable by the user

6. Shah Md. Safiul Hoque, Associate Professor of
MIS
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Information has many characteristics and
can be classified in many ways. Such as:
By Source (Internal, External, Primary, Secondary, Government Agency)
By Nature (Formal, Informal, Quantitative, Qualitative)
By Management Level (Strategic, Tactical, Operational)
By Time (Historical, Present, Future)
By Frequency (Continuous [real time]), Hourly, Daily, Monthly, Yearly)
By Form (Written. Oral, Nonverbal)

7. Shah Md. Safiul Hoque, Associate Professor of MIS
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Let us understand what we really mean by the term system’
before we move on to ‘information system’.
A system is “an organized, purposeful structure that
consists of interrelated and interdependent elements (
components, entities, factors, members, parts etc.).
These elements continually influence one another
(directly or indirectly) to maintain their activity and the
existence of the system, in order to achieve the goal of
the system.”
Available at: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/system.html#ixzz2fgxqHWEg

8. Shah Md. Safiul Hoque, Associate Professor of MIS
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Solar System Human Body System
Operating System Order Processing System

9. Shah Md. Safiul Hoque, Associate Professor of MIS
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Study the diagram
and I am sure you
shall be able to
explain the term
“Information
System”.
for yourself!

10. Shah Md. Safiul Hoque, Associate Professor of MIS
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Information system is “a combination of hardware,
software, infrastructure and trained personnel
organized to facilitate planning, control, coordination,
and decision making in an organization.”
Read more: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/information-system.html#ixzz2fhC95zNI

11. Shah Md. Safiul Hoque, Associate Professor of MIS
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Environment
Environment
Information
System
-Processing
-Classify
-Arrange
-Calculate
Input Output
Suppliers
Customers
Feedback
Reg. Agencies Competitors
Stockholders

12. Shah Md. Safiul Hoque, Associate Professor of MIS
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The key functions of an information systems are:
 Input - captures or collects raw data from within the organization
or from its external environments.
 Processing - converts this raw input into a meaningful form.
 Output - transfers the processed information to the people who
will use it or to the activities for which it will be used.
 Information Systems also require feedback, which is output that
is returned to appropriate members of the organization to help
them evaluate or correct the input stage.

13. Shah Md. Safiul Hoque, Associate Professor of MIS
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An information system is made of the above components

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>Transaction Processing System
>Management Information System
>Decision Support System
>Executive Support System
>Sales and Marketing Information System
>Human Resource Information System
>Accounting Information System
>Inventory Management System
>Parcel Tracking System
> Order Processing System
and many more……..

15. Shah Md. Safiul Hoque, Associate Professor of MIS
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 Shape data into information
 Contain information about: People, Place,
and things
 Support decision making
 Support coordinating & controlling
 Support analyzing problems
 Create new products

16. Shah Md. Safiul Hoque, Associate Professor of MIS
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POSITIVE IMPACT
 Information systems can calculate or process
paperwork much faster than people
 Information systems can help companies learn more
about the patterns and preferences of their
customers
 Information systems provide new efficiencies through
services such as automated teller machines (ATMs),
telephone systems, or computer controlled airplanes
and air terminals

17. Shah Md. Safiul Hoque, Associate Professor of MIS
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POSITIVE IMPACT
 Information systems have made possible new
medical advances in surgery, radiology, and
patient monitoring
 The Internet distributes information instantly to
millions of people across the world

18. Shah Md. Safiul Hoque, Associate Professor of MIS
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NEGATIVE IMPACT
 By automating activities that were previously
performed by people, information systems may
eliminate jobs.
 Information systems may allow organizations to
collect personal details about people that violate
their privacy

19. Shah Md. Safiul Hoque, Associate Professor of MIS
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NEGATIVE IMPACT
 Information system are used in so many aspects
of everyday life that system outages can cause
shutdowns of businesses or transportation
services
 Heavy user of information systems may suffer
repetitive stress injury, techno stress, and other
health problems
 The Internet can be used to distribute illegal
copies of software, books, articles, and other
intellectual property

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An organized approach to the study of the information
needs of an organization's management at every level in
making operational, tactical, and strategic decisions. Its
objective is to design and implement procedures,
processes, and routines that provide suitably detailed
reports in an accurate, consistent, and timely manner.
In a management information system, modern,
computerized systems continuously gather relevant data,
both from inside and outside an organization. This data is
then processed, integrated, and stored in a centralized
database (or data warehouse) where it is constantly
updated and made available to all who have the authority
to access it, in a form that suits their purpose.