The document outlines the process of writing a review article, defining it as a critical analysis of existing literature without presenting new data. It emphasizes the importance of evaluating sources, synthesizing information, and maintaining a coherent structure throughout the review. Additionally, it details various types of review articles and provides a comprehensive step-by-step guide on preparing a review article.

1. Mengenal TULISAN REVIEW
Sumber: “How to write a Review Article” (Harshit Jadav
NIPER-Gandhinagar)
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Oleh: SYAHYUTI
Workshop penulisan paper REVIEW PSEKP
Pertemuan pertama – 7 Februari 2017

2. What is a review article?
• A critical, constructive analysis of the
literature in a specific field through summary,
classification, analysis, comparison.
• A scientific text relying on previously
published literature or data.
• New data from the author’s experiments are
not presented (with exceptions: some reviews
contain new data)
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3. What is meant by critical?
To be critical does not mean to criticise in a
negative manner.
It requires you to question the information and
opinions in a text and present your evaluation or
judgement of the text.
To do this well, you should attempt to
understand the topic from different perspectives
(i.e. read related texts)
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4. What is meant by evaluation or
judgement?
• Here you decide the strengths and
weaknesses of a text.
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5. Purpose of a Critical Review
The critical review is a writing task that asks
you to summarise and evaluate a text.
The critical review can be of a book, a
chapter, or a journal article.
Writing the critical review usually requires you
to read the selected text in detail and to also
read other related texts so that you can
present a fair and reasonable evaluation
of the selected text.
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6. What is the function of a review article?
• To organize literature
• To evaluate literature
• To identify patterns and trends in the
literature
• To synthesize literature
• To identify research gaps and recommend new
research areas
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7. Who is the audience of review
articles?
• Experts in specific research areas
• Students or novice researchers
• Decision-makers
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8. Which types of review articles exist?
• Narrative review: Selected studies are compared
and summarized on the basis of the author’s
experience, existing theories and models. Results
are based on a qualitative rather than a
quantitative level.
• Best evidence review: A focus on selected studies
is combined with systematic methods of study-
selection and result exploration.
• Systematic review: Findings from various
individual studies are analyzed statistically by
strict procedures. Meta-Analyses are used to pool
the results of individual studies
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9. How long is a review article?
• Review articles vary considerably in length.
Narrative reviews may range between 8,000
and 40,000 words (references and everything
else included).
• Systematic reviews are usually shorter with
less than 10,000 words.
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10. Sumber primer vs sekunder vs tersier
Primary Secondary Tertiary
Definition Original research or materials that
have not been filtered through
interpretation or evaluation by a
secondary party. Reports of scientific
discoveries, experiments, or clinical
trials. These are factual and not
interpretive.
Sources that contain
commentary on or a discussion
about a primary source. Analyzes
and interprets research results or
scientific discoveries.
Information which is
distillation of primary AND
secondary sources
Format Conference papers, dissertations,
interviews, laboratory notebooks,
patents, a study reported in a journal
article, technical reports, and diaries
Review articles, magazine
articles, books, laws and
legislation, public opinion, and
social policy.
Books
Examples -Published results of research
studies, clinical studies, or scientific
experiments
-Proceedings of conferences or
meetings
-Publications about the
significance of research or
experiments.
-Analysis of a clinical trial
-Review of the results of
experiments or trials
Almanacs, Bibliographies,
Chronologies, Dictionaries
and Encyclopedias, Fact
Books, Guidebooks,
Manuals, and Textbooks.
Specific
Examples
-Einstein’s diary
-Article in a scholarly journal
reporting research and methodology
-Books about Einstein’s life
-Articles or books analyzing and
commenting on the results of
original research
-Dictionary on the Theory of
Relativity
-Bibliography of resources in
a particular field
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11. Primary Source Secondary Source
 Conference Papers
 Correspondence
 Dissertations
 Diaries
 Interviews
 Lab Notebooks
 Notes
 Patents
 Proceedings
 Studies or Surveys
 Technical Reports
 Theses
 Criticism and Interpretation
 Dictionaries
 Directories
 Encyclopedias
 Government Policy
 Guide to Literature
 Handbooks
 Law and Legislation
 Monographs
 Moral and Ethical Aspects
 Political Aspects
 Public Opinion
 Reviews
 Social Policy
 Tables
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12. Elements of a review article
Title: between eight to 12 words
• Helping readers to decide whether they
should read the text or not
Abstract: Informs about the main objectives and
result of the review article
• usually 200 to 250 words
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13. Introduction:
• Provides information about the context,
indicates the motivation for the review,
defines the focus, the research question and
explains the text structure
• Between 10% and 20% of the core text
• Include a few opening sentences that
announce the author(s) and the title, and
briefly explain the topic of the text. Present
the aim of the text .
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14. Body: Main Part of the Review Article
• Methodological
approaches
• Models or theories
• Extent of support for a
given thesis
• Studies that agree with
another versus studies
that disagree
• Chronological order
• Geographical location
• 70 to 90% of the core text
• The REVIEW should be a
balanced discussion and
evaluation of the strengths,
weakness and notable
features of the text.
• Remember to base your
discussion on specific
criteria.
• Good reviews also include
other sources to support
your evaluation (remember
to reference).
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15. Body of the Paper:Don't Summarize!
A review paper is not simply a summary of
literature you have reviewed. Be careful not to
leave out your own analysis of the ideas
presented in the literature. Synthesize the
material from all the works—what are the
connections you see, or the connections you are
trying to illustrate, among your readings.
Analyze, synthesize, and interpret.
A review paper is not a pure summary of the
information you read for your review. You are
required to analyze, synthesize, and interpret
the information you read in some meaningful
way.
It is not enough to simply present the material
you have found, you must go beyond that and
explain its relevance and significance to the topic
at hand.
Establish a clear thesis from the onset of your
writing and examine which pieces of your
reading help you in developing and supporting
the ideas in your thesis. 15
Stay focused.
Keep your discussion focused on your topic and
more importantly your thesis. Don't let tangents
or extraneous material get in the way of a
concise, coherent discussion. A well focused
paper is crucial in getting your message across
to your reader.
Organize your points.
Keeping your points organized makes it easier
for the reader to follow along and make sense
of your review. Start each paragraph with a
topic sentence that relates back to your thesis.
The headings used for this guide give you some
idea of how to organize the overall paper, but as
far as the discussion section goes use
meaningful subheadings that relate to your
content to organize your points.

16. 1.Read the article.
2.Re-read the article. Underline
important ideas. Circle key terms. Find
the main point of the article. Divide the
article into sections or stages of
thought.
3. Note the main idea of each paragraph
if the article is short.
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17. •Scan the text. Look for information that can be deduced
from the introduction, conclusion and the title and
headings. What do these tell you about the main points of
the article?
•Locate the topic sentences and highlight the main points
as you read.
•Reread the text and make separate notes of the main
points. Examples and evidence do not need to be included
at this stage. Usually they are used selectively in your
critique.
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18.  Rewrite them in your own words and in
complete sentences
 Use reporting verbs and phrases (eg; The
author describes…, Smith argues that …).
 If you include unique or specialist phrases from
the text, use quotation marks.
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19. • If your critique is more positive than
negative, then present the negative
points first and the positive last.
• You could begin by stating what is good
about the idea and then concede and
explain how it is limited in some way.
While this example shows a mixed
evaluation, overall you are probably
being more negative than positive.
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20. Conclusions
• Answer the research question set in the
introduction
• 5 to 10% of the core text
References
• Shows interested readers how to find the
literature mentioned in the text.
• A range between 50-100 references
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21. Preparing a review article in 18 steps
1. Narrow the topic, define a few research
questions or hypotheses
2. Search for literature sources, refine topic and
research questions during the search
3. Read, evaluate, classify and make notes
4. Redefine the focus and the research
questions, define the take-home message
5. Compose a preliminary title
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22. 6. Find a structuring principle for the article
(e.g. Chronological, subject matter,
experimental procedure)
7. Prepare an outline, find headings for the
sections in the text body
8. Plan the content of each paragraph in the
different sections
9. Prepare tables, concept maps, figures
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23. 10. Draft the methods section (if needed)
11. Draft the body sections
12. Draft the conclusions
13. Draft the introduction
14. Draft the abstract
15. Revise drafts of different sections, abstract &
title, tables, figures & legends
16. Revise citations and references
17. Correct grammar, spelling, punctuation
18. Adjust the layout
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