Nebulae are clouds of gas and dust in space that serve as the birthplaces of stars. There are several types of nebulae including emission nebulae, reflection nebulae, and dark nebulae. Stars are born from nebulae and progress through different stages in their life cycles. A star will evolve from its birth in a nebula as a red dwarf or giant, through a white dwarf phase, and eventually end its life as a black dwarf, supernova, or black hole.

1. THE LIFE OF STARS
BY
EMMA FERNÁNDEZ DE LA PRADILLA,
TATYANA BERGETH AND
ROCÍO CUADRA

2. The life of the stars
Nebula. A nebula is a cloud of gas (hydrogen) and dust in space.
Nebulae are the birthplaces of stars.
types of nebula
• Emission Nebula
• Reflection Nebula
• Dark Nebula
• Planetary Nebula

3. types of nebula
• An Emission Nebula e.g.
such as Orion nebula,
glows brightly because the
gas in it is energised by
the stars that have already
formed within it.
•In a Reflection Nebula, starlight
reflects on the grains of dust in
a nebula. The nebula
surrounding the Pleiades
Cluster is typical of a reflection
nebula.

4. types of nebula
• Dark Nebula also exist. These
are dense clouds of molecular
hydrogen which partially or
completely absorb the light from
stars behind them e.g. the
Horsehead Nebula in Orion.
• Planetary Nebula are the
outer layers of a star that
are lost when the star
changes from a red giant
to a white dwarf.

5. the life cycle

7. • red giant • white dwarf
• black dwarf
• supernova

8. RED AND WHITE DWARFS
Red dwarfs are small and relatively cooler star. Their range in
mass from a low of 0.075 solar masses, to about 50% of the
Sun and have a surface temperature of less than 4,000 K.
Red dwarfs are by far the most common type of star in the
Milky Way, at least in the neighborhood of the Sun, but due to
their low luminosity, individual red dwarfs cannot easily be
observed. From Earth, they can´t be seen without a telescope.
A white dwarf, also called a degenerate dwarf, is a stellar
remnant composed of electron-degenerate matter. They
are very dense; a white dwarf's mass is comparable to the
Sun’s, and its volume is comparable to the Earth’s. Its
luminosity comes from the emission of stored thermal
energy. The nearest found white dwarf is Sirius B, and it’s
8.6 light years away. There are currently thought to be
eight white dwarfs among the hundred star systems
nearest the Sun.

9. •white dwarf
red dwarf

10. What is a black hole?

11. How big are black holes?
• Smallest black holes
• Stellar black holes
• Supermassive black holes

12. • How do black holes form?
• How were they discovered?

13. • Could a Black hole destroy The Earth?

14. SUPERNOVAS
• What is a supernova?
• Where do they take place?

15. • What causes a Supernova?
• 1- occurs in binary star system
• 2- occurs at the end of single stars lifetime

16. Why scientists study Supernovas?
• Supernovas burn for a very short period of
time however they can tell a scientist a lot
about the Universe. There are 2 types:
• No hydrogen lines
• Hydrogen lines