Expertseminar
LABOUR MIGRATION IN THE BALTIC SEA COUNTRIES: TRENDS AND PROSPECTS
25 April 2013
Constitutional Hall, Parliament of the Republic of Lithuania, Gedimino av. 53, Vilnius
Dace Akule “Migration, Integration, Europeanization” – Final conference 27 June Global Utmaning
The expert seminar “Migration, Integration, Europeanization – old and new challenges for policies and actors. The case of Baltic States”, which took place in Warsaw on June 27.
The seminar was the final conference in the project Migration as a part of a policy for increased competitiveness, funded by the Swedish Institute and comprising a cooperation between think tanks and research institutes working with migration and integration in the Baltic Sea region. The conference was arranged in collaboration with demosEUROPA, The Institute of Social Policy at University of Warsaw, and Norden Centrum in Warsaw.
SEB bankas Baltijas mājsaimniecību apskatsSEB banka
Pērn Baltijas valstis bija vienas no visstraujāk augošajām ekonomikām Eiropas Savienībā. Šogad Latvija un Lietuva joprojām turpināja uzrādīt būtisku izaugsmi, savukārt Igaunijas ekonomikas izaugsme apstājās pirmajā pusē 2013.
Sweden has a highly developed economy built on natural resources and advanced industry. It has a skilled workforce and focuses heavily on research and development. While part of the EU, Sweden maintains its own currency and opted not to join the euro. The country also has a strong social welfare system and scores highly on quality of life metrics. Unemployment has fluctuated but currently stands around 8.7%.
Presentation by Uldis Rutkaste, Head of Monetary Policy Department, Latvijas ...Latvijas Banka
- Investment in Latvia, as measured by gross fixed capital formation, declined significantly after the global financial crisis and has not fully recovered. Private sector investment activity, in particular, has been anemic.
- Latvian companies rely relatively little on capital markets for financing and have low levels of debt compared to other EU countries. Bank lending to businesses and households in Latvia is among the lowest in the EU.
- Weaker lending activity may have negatively impacted investment and economic growth in Latvia over the past four years according to models from Latvijas Banka. Investment trends across asset classes also support these findings.
Latvijas Bankas ekonomista Ulda Rutkastes prezentācijaLatvijas Banka
The document discusses labour market challenges and opportunities in the Baltic countries. It finds that labour shortages have again become an important obstacle to business expansion in the region. While unemployment rates are low, structural factors like skill mismatches still account for a significant portion of unemployment. The document examines both external and domestic sources that could help address labour shortages, such as immigration from neighboring countries with lower wages, increasing participation rates among underrepresented groups, and improving vocational training programs.
This document provides an economic survey and recommendations for Lithuania conducted by the OECD. It summarizes that while incomes and GDP have been converging with OECD averages, unemployment has declined, and exports have been robust, poverty remains high. Key recommendations include reducing social security contributions for low-income workers, increasing property taxes exempting low-income households, and strengthening vocational education and training to promote more inclusive growth.
Public Opinion PollResidents of KyrgyzstanmResearcher
В исследовании приняли участие 1 483 респондентов в возрасте от 18 лет и старше – граждане, которые уже имеют право голоса на выборах. Отмечается, что выборка была однородной по возрасту, полу и прописке.
Dace Akule “Migration, Integration, Europeanization” – Final conference 27 June Global Utmaning
The expert seminar “Migration, Integration, Europeanization – old and new challenges for policies and actors. The case of Baltic States”, which took place in Warsaw on June 27.
The seminar was the final conference in the project Migration as a part of a policy for increased competitiveness, funded by the Swedish Institute and comprising a cooperation between think tanks and research institutes working with migration and integration in the Baltic Sea region. The conference was arranged in collaboration with demosEUROPA, The Institute of Social Policy at University of Warsaw, and Norden Centrum in Warsaw.
SEB bankas Baltijas mājsaimniecību apskatsSEB banka
Pērn Baltijas valstis bija vienas no visstraujāk augošajām ekonomikām Eiropas Savienībā. Šogad Latvija un Lietuva joprojām turpināja uzrādīt būtisku izaugsmi, savukārt Igaunijas ekonomikas izaugsme apstājās pirmajā pusē 2013.
Sweden has a highly developed economy built on natural resources and advanced industry. It has a skilled workforce and focuses heavily on research and development. While part of the EU, Sweden maintains its own currency and opted not to join the euro. The country also has a strong social welfare system and scores highly on quality of life metrics. Unemployment has fluctuated but currently stands around 8.7%.
Presentation by Uldis Rutkaste, Head of Monetary Policy Department, Latvijas ...Latvijas Banka
- Investment in Latvia, as measured by gross fixed capital formation, declined significantly after the global financial crisis and has not fully recovered. Private sector investment activity, in particular, has been anemic.
- Latvian companies rely relatively little on capital markets for financing and have low levels of debt compared to other EU countries. Bank lending to businesses and households in Latvia is among the lowest in the EU.
- Weaker lending activity may have negatively impacted investment and economic growth in Latvia over the past four years according to models from Latvijas Banka. Investment trends across asset classes also support these findings.
Latvijas Bankas ekonomista Ulda Rutkastes prezentācijaLatvijas Banka
The document discusses labour market challenges and opportunities in the Baltic countries. It finds that labour shortages have again become an important obstacle to business expansion in the region. While unemployment rates are low, structural factors like skill mismatches still account for a significant portion of unemployment. The document examines both external and domestic sources that could help address labour shortages, such as immigration from neighboring countries with lower wages, increasing participation rates among underrepresented groups, and improving vocational training programs.
This document provides an economic survey and recommendations for Lithuania conducted by the OECD. It summarizes that while incomes and GDP have been converging with OECD averages, unemployment has declined, and exports have been robust, poverty remains high. Key recommendations include reducing social security contributions for low-income workers, increasing property taxes exempting low-income households, and strengthening vocational education and training to promote more inclusive growth.
Public Opinion PollResidents of KyrgyzstanmResearcher
В исследовании приняли участие 1 483 респондентов в возрасте от 18 лет и старше – граждане, которые уже имеют право голоса на выборах. Отмечается, что выборка была однородной по возрасту, полу и прописке.
Labour Market Changes due to the PandemicsLatvijas Banka
Latvijas Bankas ekonomista Oļega Krasnopjorova 2021. gada 27. maija prezentācija “Labour Market Changes due to the Pandemics” Latvijas Kristīgās Akadēmijas starptautiskajā seminārā
This document summarizes the 2017 OECD Economic Survey of Iceland. It finds that Iceland has made a remarkable economic recovery since the 2008 financial crisis. Unemployment and inflation are now low, and growth is the fastest in the OECD due to increases in tourism and favorable terms of trade. However, rapid growth also brings challenges, like overheating and rising housing prices. The report provides recommendations to preserve macroeconomic stability, make tourism more sustainable and inclusive, and improve effective and inclusive labor relations.
Slovenia 2017 OECD Economic Survey Boosting investment through better skills ...OECD, Economics Department
The OECD Economic Survey of Slovenia 2017 document makes the following key points in 3 sentences:
The Slovenian economy is rebounding from a long recession, but further investment is needed to boost productivity through improving skills development and reducing regulatory burdens. Unemployment is declining but long-term joblessness remains high, and the country faces fiscal challenges from an aging population that threaten debt sustainability if not addressed. The survey makes recommendations in areas like education, the labor market, state-owned enterprises, and regulation to support higher growth and living standards in Slovenia.
The document compares various economic and social statistics of the United Kingdom to OECD averages. It finds that the UK has an GDP per capita slightly below average, an older population with fewer youth, and higher life expectancy. The UK spends more on education as a percentage of GDP but less on R&D, pensions, and debt is lower than OECD averages. Unemployment is close to average while youth unemployment is higher, and the UK has higher income inequality.
This chartbook compares key economic and social statistics of Spain to OECD averages. It finds that while Spain's GDP per capita and spending on health, education, and R&D are below OECD averages, its life expectancy and percentage of women in parliament are higher. Unemployment rates, especially among youth, are much higher in Spain than the OECD average.
The document summarizes key findings from a review of youth employment in Lithuania conducted by the OECD. It notes that Lithuania's youth population is declining due to low fertility rates and youth migration. Youth were hit hard by the economic crisis, with high unemployment and inactivity rates. Some groups, like young women and those with low education, face greater challenges. The review examines job quantity and quality issues for youth, such as skills mismatches and informal employment. It recommends policies like reducing costs for employers to hire youth, implementing a differentiated minimum wage, strengthening income support, and expanding active labor market programs.
The document is an economic survey of Australia from the OECD that discusses key findings and recommendations.
1) With the end of the mining boom, Australia must diversify its economy toward non-resource sectors for future growth.
2) Rebalancing taxes from income to consumption, addressing federal-state responsibilities, and reinforcing environmental programs are recommended.
This document summarizes the 2013 OECD publication "Government at a Glance". It provides an overview of the publication, including that it contains 50 indicators covering government activities and results. It also describes the framework used to examine inputs, processes, outputs and outcomes of government. Key sections summarize data on public spending, employment, procurement, trust in government, gender equality, fiscal sustainability, efficiency and transparency.
The document is an OECD economic survey of Brazil that discusses several economic and social issues facing the country. Some of the main findings are that Brazil's fiscal position has deteriorated, inflation has risen above targets, and the healthcare system faces capacity constraints. Key recommendations include implementing fiscal adjustments, improving monetary policy effectiveness, streamlining taxes, boosting trade, and enhancing healthcare spending efficiency.
This document provides an overview of the impact of international labor migration on Moldova based on previous research. It discusses the main effects of labor migration such as remittances sent home which have increased yearly and had a positive impact on Moldova's banking system and GDP. Labor migration has also impacted Moldova's employment levels, population demographics, and socially vulnerable groups. While the crisis of 2008-2010 did not result in mass returns of Moldovan migrants, their remittances have helped reduce unemployment in Moldova and improve living standards.
Government at a Glance 2013, Country Fact Sheet: SloveniaOECD Governance
Country fact sheet showing indicators on strategic governance, women in government, public finance & economics, public procurement, budget practices & procedures, open and inclusive government, public employment & pay, and serving citizens.
More information is available from the OECD publication Government at a Glance 2013.
http://www.oecd.org/gov/govataglance.htm
Government at a Glance 2013, Country Fact Sheet: NorwayOECD Governance
Country fact sheet showing indicators on strategic governance, women in government, public finance & economics, public procurement, budget practices & procedures, open and inclusive government, public employment & pay, and serving citizens.
More information is available from the OECD publication Government at a Glance 2013.
http://www.oecd.org/gov/govataglance.htm
Les Roumains et les Bulgares apportent plus qu'ils ne coûtentThierry Labro
Romanian and Bulgarian immigrants who arrived in Sweden between 2007-2010 make a substantial positive contribution to public finances on average. The average net fiscal contribution is estimated to be around 30,000 Swedish kronor per person per year, which is about one-sixth of the average public spending per capita. This positive contribution results because immigrants pay less in taxes due to lower average incomes but cost less in transfers and public services than the average person, since few are over retirement age. The results suggest Romanian and Bulgarian immigrants more than pay for themselves fiscally and provide net revenue to public coffers.
Economic growth of around 7½% makes India the fastest-growing G20 economy. The acceleration of structural reforms, the move towards a rule-based policy framework and low commodity prices have provided a strong growth impetus.
The document discusses economic challenges and opportunities in Belgium. It finds that while Belgium has undertaken important reforms, productivity growth has weakened and public debt remains high. It recommends boosting productivity through increasing public investment, sustaining R&D spending, and reducing administrative burdens on firms. Making growth more inclusive will require further reducing high labor taxes and improving education and training opportunities for youth, seniors, immigrants and the low-skilled.
Latvijas ekonomiskā situācija, darba tirgus un prognozesLatvijas Banka
Latvijas Bankas ekonomista Oļega Krasnopjorova prezentācija, kas izmantota 2019. gada 23. maijā Rīgā notikušā starptautiskā seminārā par darba tirgus izaicinājumiem.
The document discusses wages and salaries in Latvia from 2005 to 2013 based on data from the Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia. It shows that average monthly gross wages have generally increased over time but declined during the economic downturn from 2008 to 2010. Wages increased the most in the information and communication sector and least in agriculture. Public sector wages grew slightly faster than private sector wages from 2012 to 2013. Regionally, wages were highest in Riga and lowest in Latgale.
Presentation by Governor Ardo Hansson at the conference Äriplaan 2014Eesti Pank
The document summarizes an economic forecast for Estonia in 2014. It notes that while the global economic crisis is retreating, recovery has been uneven. Estonia's economic growth has been low due to issues in the transportation sector, but other areas have grown strongly. Future growth will depend on how Estonia handles its current shortage of human resources. Key indicators in the forecast include GDP growth reaching 4% in 2014 and unemployment falling further.
Impact of constiution policy in labour lawSuresh Murugan
This document discusses important labor laws and policies in India's constitution. It covers fundamental rights and directive principles of state policy related to labor. It outlines which levels of government (central, state, concurrent) have authority over different labor issues according to the constitution's union and concurrent lists. The document categorizes different types of labor legislation and concludes by noting some directive principles for securing employees' health, protecting children, providing just working conditions, and enabling employee participation in management.
Presentation - State of the Public Policy Labour Marketduignafran
This document discusses the state of the public policy labour market in New Zealand. It examines trends in the policy workforce, including a modest 2.1% salary increase but a decrease in policy analyst numbers. It also looks at pain points such as salary expectations, title inflation, and a preference to hire experienced staff rather than developing new talent. Finally, it discusses government initiatives through departments like the SSC and Treasury to professionalize the policy sector, as well as untapped talent pools that could be recruited from to address current challenges.
Labour Market Changes due to the PandemicsLatvijas Banka
Latvijas Bankas ekonomista Oļega Krasnopjorova 2021. gada 27. maija prezentācija “Labour Market Changes due to the Pandemics” Latvijas Kristīgās Akadēmijas starptautiskajā seminārā
This document summarizes the 2017 OECD Economic Survey of Iceland. It finds that Iceland has made a remarkable economic recovery since the 2008 financial crisis. Unemployment and inflation are now low, and growth is the fastest in the OECD due to increases in tourism and favorable terms of trade. However, rapid growth also brings challenges, like overheating and rising housing prices. The report provides recommendations to preserve macroeconomic stability, make tourism more sustainable and inclusive, and improve effective and inclusive labor relations.
Slovenia 2017 OECD Economic Survey Boosting investment through better skills ...OECD, Economics Department
The OECD Economic Survey of Slovenia 2017 document makes the following key points in 3 sentences:
The Slovenian economy is rebounding from a long recession, but further investment is needed to boost productivity through improving skills development and reducing regulatory burdens. Unemployment is declining but long-term joblessness remains high, and the country faces fiscal challenges from an aging population that threaten debt sustainability if not addressed. The survey makes recommendations in areas like education, the labor market, state-owned enterprises, and regulation to support higher growth and living standards in Slovenia.
The document compares various economic and social statistics of the United Kingdom to OECD averages. It finds that the UK has an GDP per capita slightly below average, an older population with fewer youth, and higher life expectancy. The UK spends more on education as a percentage of GDP but less on R&D, pensions, and debt is lower than OECD averages. Unemployment is close to average while youth unemployment is higher, and the UK has higher income inequality.
This chartbook compares key economic and social statistics of Spain to OECD averages. It finds that while Spain's GDP per capita and spending on health, education, and R&D are below OECD averages, its life expectancy and percentage of women in parliament are higher. Unemployment rates, especially among youth, are much higher in Spain than the OECD average.
The document summarizes key findings from a review of youth employment in Lithuania conducted by the OECD. It notes that Lithuania's youth population is declining due to low fertility rates and youth migration. Youth were hit hard by the economic crisis, with high unemployment and inactivity rates. Some groups, like young women and those with low education, face greater challenges. The review examines job quantity and quality issues for youth, such as skills mismatches and informal employment. It recommends policies like reducing costs for employers to hire youth, implementing a differentiated minimum wage, strengthening income support, and expanding active labor market programs.
The document is an economic survey of Australia from the OECD that discusses key findings and recommendations.
1) With the end of the mining boom, Australia must diversify its economy toward non-resource sectors for future growth.
2) Rebalancing taxes from income to consumption, addressing federal-state responsibilities, and reinforcing environmental programs are recommended.
This document summarizes the 2013 OECD publication "Government at a Glance". It provides an overview of the publication, including that it contains 50 indicators covering government activities and results. It also describes the framework used to examine inputs, processes, outputs and outcomes of government. Key sections summarize data on public spending, employment, procurement, trust in government, gender equality, fiscal sustainability, efficiency and transparency.
The document is an OECD economic survey of Brazil that discusses several economic and social issues facing the country. Some of the main findings are that Brazil's fiscal position has deteriorated, inflation has risen above targets, and the healthcare system faces capacity constraints. Key recommendations include implementing fiscal adjustments, improving monetary policy effectiveness, streamlining taxes, boosting trade, and enhancing healthcare spending efficiency.
This document provides an overview of the impact of international labor migration on Moldova based on previous research. It discusses the main effects of labor migration such as remittances sent home which have increased yearly and had a positive impact on Moldova's banking system and GDP. Labor migration has also impacted Moldova's employment levels, population demographics, and socially vulnerable groups. While the crisis of 2008-2010 did not result in mass returns of Moldovan migrants, their remittances have helped reduce unemployment in Moldova and improve living standards.
Government at a Glance 2013, Country Fact Sheet: SloveniaOECD Governance
Country fact sheet showing indicators on strategic governance, women in government, public finance & economics, public procurement, budget practices & procedures, open and inclusive government, public employment & pay, and serving citizens.
More information is available from the OECD publication Government at a Glance 2013.
http://www.oecd.org/gov/govataglance.htm
Government at a Glance 2013, Country Fact Sheet: NorwayOECD Governance
Country fact sheet showing indicators on strategic governance, women in government, public finance & economics, public procurement, budget practices & procedures, open and inclusive government, public employment & pay, and serving citizens.
More information is available from the OECD publication Government at a Glance 2013.
http://www.oecd.org/gov/govataglance.htm
Les Roumains et les Bulgares apportent plus qu'ils ne coûtentThierry Labro
Romanian and Bulgarian immigrants who arrived in Sweden between 2007-2010 make a substantial positive contribution to public finances on average. The average net fiscal contribution is estimated to be around 30,000 Swedish kronor per person per year, which is about one-sixth of the average public spending per capita. This positive contribution results because immigrants pay less in taxes due to lower average incomes but cost less in transfers and public services than the average person, since few are over retirement age. The results suggest Romanian and Bulgarian immigrants more than pay for themselves fiscally and provide net revenue to public coffers.
Economic growth of around 7½% makes India the fastest-growing G20 economy. The acceleration of structural reforms, the move towards a rule-based policy framework and low commodity prices have provided a strong growth impetus.
The document discusses economic challenges and opportunities in Belgium. It finds that while Belgium has undertaken important reforms, productivity growth has weakened and public debt remains high. It recommends boosting productivity through increasing public investment, sustaining R&D spending, and reducing administrative burdens on firms. Making growth more inclusive will require further reducing high labor taxes and improving education and training opportunities for youth, seniors, immigrants and the low-skilled.
Latvijas ekonomiskā situācija, darba tirgus un prognozesLatvijas Banka
Latvijas Bankas ekonomista Oļega Krasnopjorova prezentācija, kas izmantota 2019. gada 23. maijā Rīgā notikušā starptautiskā seminārā par darba tirgus izaicinājumiem.
The document discusses wages and salaries in Latvia from 2005 to 2013 based on data from the Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia. It shows that average monthly gross wages have generally increased over time but declined during the economic downturn from 2008 to 2010. Wages increased the most in the information and communication sector and least in agriculture. Public sector wages grew slightly faster than private sector wages from 2012 to 2013. Regionally, wages were highest in Riga and lowest in Latgale.
Presentation by Governor Ardo Hansson at the conference Äriplaan 2014Eesti Pank
The document summarizes an economic forecast for Estonia in 2014. It notes that while the global economic crisis is retreating, recovery has been uneven. Estonia's economic growth has been low due to issues in the transportation sector, but other areas have grown strongly. Future growth will depend on how Estonia handles its current shortage of human resources. Key indicators in the forecast include GDP growth reaching 4% in 2014 and unemployment falling further.
Impact of constiution policy in labour lawSuresh Murugan
This document discusses important labor laws and policies in India's constitution. It covers fundamental rights and directive principles of state policy related to labor. It outlines which levels of government (central, state, concurrent) have authority over different labor issues according to the constitution's union and concurrent lists. The document categorizes different types of labor legislation and concludes by noting some directive principles for securing employees' health, protecting children, providing just working conditions, and enabling employee participation in management.
Presentation - State of the Public Policy Labour Marketduignafran
This document discusses the state of the public policy labour market in New Zealand. It examines trends in the policy workforce, including a modest 2.1% salary increase but a decrease in policy analyst numbers. It also looks at pain points such as salary expectations, title inflation, and a preference to hire experienced staff rather than developing new talent. Finally, it discusses government initiatives through departments like the SSC and Treasury to professionalize the policy sector, as well as untapped talent pools that could be recruited from to address current challenges.
Towards a New Gender Contract: the role of public policy on labour market and...Carmen Castro
This document summarizes Carmen Castro García's PhD research in progress on the role of public policy in shaping the gender contract between paid labor market work and unpaid care work. It lists references that inform the research and cites statistics from sources like Eurostat and the OECD. The conclusions call for balancing gender equality in paid and unpaid work, recognizing the effects of parental leave policies on labor market participation and the gender wage gap, and requiring public support for childcare and care services to reduce constraints on women's employment.
Government of pakistan labour policy 2010khalidkhattak
This document summarizes Pakistan's new Labour Policy of 2010. Some key points:
- The policy aims to balance workers' rights and employers' interests in an environment of social justice and harmony.
- It consolidates and rationalizes outdated labour laws into five core acts governing industrial relations, employment, safety, human resources, and welfare.
- The policy expands social security coverage, establishes a national minimum wage of Rs. 7,000, and regularizes contract workers in the public sector.
- It also aims to improve conditions for women, young, informal, and agricultural workers and eliminate child and bonded labour.
The New Economic Policy of 1991 aimed to pull India out of an economic crisis and accelerate growth. It introduced liberalization, privatization, and globalization reforms. While the reforms aimed to improve growth, there were concerns they could negatively impact workers through job losses from privatization and rising costs from currency devaluation that could be passed onto consumers. The impact on employment and labor was mixed, with unemployment initially rising but organized sector jobs growing later on, especially in services. The reforms also decentralized India's labor relations system.
The document discusses the role and objectives of the International Labour Organization (ILO) in establishing international labor standards and codes. It notes that ILO aims to promote social justice, full employment, workers' rights and welfare. India is a founding member of ILO and has ratified 39 of 185 ILO conventions, incorporating many standards into its domestic labor laws. The document outlines ILO conventions related to various labor areas that India has ratified or been influenced by.
The document discusses labor welfare and social security programs in India. It covers the objectives of labor welfare like improving worker conditions and morale to increase efficiency. It also discusses the different approaches to welfare over time from paternalistic to ensuring worker participation. The key principles of welfare programs are that they should meet real worker needs and not be a substitute for fair pay. The document outlines the classification of welfare programs and examples of common provisions like healthcare, housing, transport, recreation and education facilities provided in India's organized sectors.
The document discusses labor legislation in India. It provides definitions and explains that labor legislation refers to laws enacted by the government to provide social and economic security to workers. The key types of labor legislation discussed are protective legislation, which focuses on minimum labor standards and working conditions; regulatory legislation, which regulates relations between employers and employees; and social security legislation, which provides benefits to workers during difficult times. The document also examines the impact of the International Labour Organization (ILO) on the development of India's labor laws.
The document provides an overview of labour law. It discusses how labour law mediates the relationship between workers, employers, unions and governments. It outlines key topics covered by labour law including working hours and conditions, leaves and holidays, children's employment, disputes, and equal employment practices. The document also gives a brief history of labour law and discusses international labour law and organizations like the ILO and WTO. It concludes by describing Pakistan's constitution in relation to labour rights and key labour laws and legislations in Pakistan.
Dear Seniors & Friends,
Sharing the PPT on "Labour Laws in India" with Various Act under the Labour Law. Kindly have a look on the Same & Share your valuable feedback & suggestion. If you found any mistake kindly update me for the modification the same.
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M- 9999 844 355
Vija Plataciute: Lithuanian Labour Immigration Policy: Regulations and OutcomesGlobal Utmaning
Expertseminar
LABOUR MIGRATION IN THE BALTIC SEA COUNTRIES: TRENDS AND PROSPECTS
25 April 2013
Constitutional Hall, Parliament of the Republic of Lithuania, Gedimino av. 53, Vilnius
Should Scotland have its own immigration policy? The Politicians and the Prof...futureukscotland
In September 2014 Scotland will hold an historic referendum on its constitutional future. Migration is an important aspect of debates surrounding this ballot: the UK government has emphasised its desire to restrict immigration to Britain, whilst the Scottish Government views net immigration as a valuable contributor to the economic and demographic growth of Scotland.
This event explored these contrasting positions and draws on new research (using secondary datasets, social attitudes data and interviews with employers, students and local authorities) undertaken as part of the ESRC’s 'Future of the UK and Scotland' programme. The speakers considered the challenges and opportunities that Scotland faces in devising an immigration policy attuned to its particular needs, whatever the outcome of the referendum.
The Politicians and Professionals is a series of seminars for January and February organised by the David Hume Institute in conjunction with the Young Academy of the Royal Society of Edinburgh and supported by the ICAS; the Royal Institute of Chartered Surveyors, the Law Society of Scotland and the Institute and Faculty of Actuaries.
Presentation by PROVIDUS researcher Dace Akule in seminar on Social Inclusion and Active Citizenship Indicators in Lisbon, Portugal (November 29, 2012 - November 30, 2012).
Futher information: http://www.migpolgroup.com/events_detail.php?id=360
Charles Woolfson - Migration, Austerity and New Challenges to Labour Markets ...Global Utmaning
Expertseminar
LABOUR MIGRATION IN THE BALTIC SEA COUNTRIES: TRENDS AND PROSPECTS
25 April 2013
Constitutional Hall, Parliament of the Republic of Lithuania, Gedimino av. 53, Vilnius
Rohit Talwar- The Future of Estonian/Lithuanian Tourism 02/02/13 Rohit Talwar
For the Vilnius Tourism Conference, Tourism Opportunities for Lithuania
A look at the current conditions and future possibilities for Estonian/Lithuanian tourism
ETT Jonathan Chaloff jmc Riga 11 5-15 Macro-Economic Aspects of Peoples Mob...euromonde
Macro Economic Aspects Of People's Mobility
Mr. Jonathan Chaloff, Administrator, International Migration Division,
Directorate for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs, OECD
http://euromonde.eu
Labour Migration Acamdemy - Pre-Training ModuleACPMigration
This document defines key terms related to labour migration such as migration, emigration, immigration, and labour migration. It provides statistics on the number of international migrants in 2010 (214 million, half being migrant workers) and discusses trends such as the feminization of migration and top migration routes. Factors driving migration from countries of origin and the impact of migrant workers on labour markets in destination countries are examined. The document also explores remittances, finding they are the 2nd largest source of funding for developing countries, totaling $406 billion in 2012.
This document summarizes a presentation on labor migration trends in the Baltic region given by Professor Charles Woolfson. Some key points:
- The Baltic states experienced severe economic downturns after 2008 but have since recovered, though austerity remains an ongoing challenge.
- Dual labor markets have emerged with more secure, higher-paying jobs in the public sector and less stable, lower-wage private sector work. Informal employment is also an issue.
- High emigration rates, especially of youth, have impacted the Baltic countries as many move to find work in places like Norway, Denmark and Sweden. Over 80,000 Lithuanians emigrated in 2011.
- Poverty and income inequality are
This document discusses equal opportunities and discrimination in the Lithuanian labor market. It outlines the main laws prohibiting discrimination based on characteristics like race, ethnicity and language. While discrimination is officially rare, complaints are not always effective and few cases are brought to court. Refugees and ethnic minorities face difficulties entering the job market like lack of language skills, negative employer attitudes and non-recognition of qualifications. More research is needed on the frequency of discrimination and racism in employment.
ETTW: Mr. Walter Radermacher, Director General, Eurostat, European Commissioneuromonde
Presentation by Mr. Walter Radermacher, Director General, Eurostat, European Commission
Statistical measurement issues in intra-EU labour mobility and migration
http://euromonde.eu
ETTW J Tagger Labour Mobility Riga May 2015euromonde
Labour Mobility in the EU: facts, figures and way forward
How to Improve Intra-European Mobility and Circular Migration? Fostering Diaspora Engagement. Riga, 11-12 May 2015
http://euromonde.eu
Unpacking Inequalities in Europe and Central AsiaUNDP Eurasia
- The document summarizes discussions around inequalities in Europe and Central Asia. It finds that while income inequality has risen sharply in some post-Soviet countries since 1990, many have made progress in reducing inequality more recently.
- It notes significant data limitations and the need to look beyond just income inequality to other factors like unemployment, especially among vulnerable groups. Regional differences exist and inequality seems to correlate with higher poverty.
- The document proposes using an upcoming UN regional human development report on inequalities to strengthen programming, data, and advocacy around inequality issues in the region in the context of the post-2015 development agenda. It raises questions around how to integrate inequality concerns into development strategies.
This document provides an overview of migration trends and data for Leeds. It summarizes statistics on arrivals to Leeds by country of origin over time. It also discusses programs to support migrants, including refugees resettling in Leeds from Syria. Challenges migrants may face are outlined, as well as opportunities migration brings. Resources are listed to help services support migrants.
Donatas Burneika - Population Change and Migrations in Lithuania: Trends and ...Global Utmaning
- Lithuania has experienced significant population changes since 1989 due to emigration and urbanization trends. Emigration levels are exceptionally high and can be partly attributed to Lithuania's unique historical settlement system that lacked a dominant metropolitan area.
- As Lithuania transforms its Soviet-era society and integrates further into the global economy, natural processes of urbanization and metropolization are ongoing but impeded by the country's polycentric urban network. This spatial structure, combined with improving borders and mobility, has accelerated emigration abroad, especially to Scandinavian countries with strong economic ties to Lithuania.
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6. Number of issued permits by reason of entry
981
3048
460
342
907
2836
529
337
586
908
472
342
574
854
534
533
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
2007 2008 2009 2010
Family
reunification
Employment
Studies
Other
Source: Office of Citizenship and Migration Affairs
7. Origin of immigrants in 2012
2534
605
277
197
191
102
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
Russia Ukraine Belarus Kazakhstan Uzbekistan Turkey
Source: Office of Citizenship and Migration Affairs
8. Stock of foreigners in 2013
Russia 44586
Lithuania 4031
Ukraine 3735
Belarus 2318
Germany 1536
Estonia 1025
Bulgaria 698
Sweden 564
Poland 527
United Kingdom 518
United States of America 505
Kazakhstan 466
Uzbekistan 444
Source: Office of Citizenship and Migration Affairs
9. Labour immigration
• Employment becomes more popular reason for residence in
Latvia: 40-45% of residents with temporary permits in 2008-2010.
• If only 2000 foreigners acquired a work permit in 2005, the
number exceeded 4000 in 2007.
• Top countries: Russia, Belarus and Ukraine. Top sectors:
manufacturing, transport and logistics, trade and repair. Most
dramatic drop in demand for migrant workers was in construction
sector – 36% work permit in 2007, and only 3% in 2010.
• Pull factors – labour or skills shortages in specific sectors (also due
to emigration), cultural and linguistic, geographic proximity. More
important than comparatively low income levels (compared to EU
average).
11. Labour immigration
2695 work permits issued in 2012.
Top countries where labour migrants came from:
• Belarus - 954 work permits
• Russia - 620
• Ukraine - 611
• Turkmenistan - 111
• India -71
• Uzbekistan - 37
• China - 32
Top sectors: Transportation (approx. 1000 work permits),
manufacturing, IT, food and catering.
12. Labour immigration
• Access to labour market depends on purpose of immigration and
type or residence permit (e.g. free access to family reunification
migrants who joined a citizen, non-citizen or permanent resident;
restricted to labour immigrants), knowledge of Latvian language.
• Third country nationals recruited by employers to work in Latvia
are linked to the employer who invited them, with no option to
freely change employers or their employment position within the
company (new work permit needed).
• If migrant worker with a temporary residence permit become
unemployed, his/ her residence permit is cancelled and the persons
needs to leave the country.
• These persons are also not entitled to unemployment benefits and
services.
13. Labour immigration
• Legislation stipulates that migrant workers must receive at least
the average national gross monthly salary of the previous year – 481
LVL (685 EUR) in 2012. Minimum wage in 2013 set at 200 LVL (285
EUR). Plan to increase to 225 LVL (320 EUR) in 2014. Protection of
low-skilled local labour, but also leaving the low-skilled jobs to the
locals.
• No formal work permit quotas, but the procedure and costs
related to recruiting third country nationals were higher than in
Estonia and Lithuania, and possessed a serious obstacle.
• Changes in July 2008 – decreasing costs, establishing ‘one-stop
agency’ for work permits. Employer had to pay a monthly fee of 35
LVL (50 EUR) for recruiting a third country national. In 2008 this
became an annual fee, and in 2010 it was waived altogether.
14. Policy?
In 2007 government attempted to adopt a migration policy
document, with 3 scenarios:
• not changing the strict immigration policy, long and expensive
procedure to recruit migrants,
• decreasing state fees and easing the bureaucratic procedure for
inviting migrant workers,
• in addition to easier procedure and smaller fees, laying out criteria
for ‘emergency’ situations when quotas of specific professions could
be filled on easier conditions. But migrants would be able to stay for
a short term, no family reunification rights.
The document was not adopted, but part of these proposals were
put in place in 2008 and 2010 via legislative changes (easier
procedures and decreased costs to recruit third country nationals).
15. Policy?
• One of the reasons why the policy was not adopted – nationalistic
party among coalition parties.
• The same situation in the present, when government’s action plan
includes a goal of adopting a migration policy paper by July 2013.
• The action plan says that the aim is to establish a balanced system
for the entry of foreigners that is in line with Latvia’s interests and
facilitates economic growth.
• Based on this paper, new immigration legislation should also be
adopted by the end of 2013.
16. Policy?
• Ministry of Economy has estimated that approximately 120
thousand jobs would be created by 2030 as a result of economic
growth. Additional 100 thousand jobs would become vacant due to
the elder generation leaving the labour market.
• Who will fill these vacancies?
• Working on the return of Latvians having emigrated. A plan to
facilitate return migration adopted in the government in January
2013. But return migration mostly depends on the general socio-
economic situation of Latvia.
• Surveys show that 65% of emigrants don’t plan to return in the
near future (5 years).
17. What is your attitude towards the willingness of people from
other countries to come to work and live in Latvia?
Source: DnB Nord Latvijas barometrs, survey conducted on February 2011, N= 1005 Latvia’s inhabitants, respondents could agree to multiple statements
38
32
22
22
22
21
17
11
7
4
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Migrants create problems by taking over jobs from the locals
I don't think that migrants would be interested to live in Latvia - live
in other countries would be more beneficial for them
I think that every person has the right to go to live and work in
another country, including Latvia
Migration was, is and will always be, it is an inevitable process
Migrants create problems by increasing the burden on the social
budget
I would personally not like it if people from difference races come to
live in Latvia
Migrants endanger the existance of Latvian culture
Only inhabitants of other EU countries should be allowed to live and
work in Latvia
Migration would solve the problems that have been caused by the
decreasing number of inhabitants of Latvia like e.g. shortages of…
Migration would bring benefits to Latvian culture and life by
increasing diversity e.g. cousine, fashion
%
18. From which countries or groups of countries would it
be desirable to let in immigrants from? %
Source: Market research centre SKDS. ‘Nacionālo ideju popularitāte sabiedrībā, Latvijas iedzīvotāju aptauja’ (Popularity of nationalistic ideas
among the population. A survey of Latvia’s inhabitants), July 2012, commissioned by the Alliance of European Conservatives and Reformists.
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Difficult to say/ no answer
Immigration should not be allowed under no
circumstances
Other countries
African countries
India
China
Countries of Middle East
Other countries of NIS
Russia, Belarus, Ukraine
EU countries
19. Attitudes towards migrants’ impact on social and
economic processes
47.7
21.1
33.4
65.6
28.9
40.7
49.3
54.9
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Migrants increase crime rates
Migrants bring beneftis to country's economy
Migrants make Latvia more open to new ideas and cultures
Migrants take away jobs from people born in Latvia
Latvians Russians
Source: NI: Dimensijas. Vēsturiskā atmiņa. LU SZF. Survey conducted in 2010, N= 1004 Latvia’s inhabitants, % of respondents according to ethnic origin
(identification), “absolutely agree” and “rather agree” answers were summed up. Quoted in: Human Development report of Latvia 2010/2011
20. How large threats do the following aspects cause to
Latvia?
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100
%
Latvia's inhabitants emigrate
Latvia loses its economic independence since large
foreigncompanies take overandforce locals outof
People fromothercountries come toLatvia tolookfor
a betterlife
Traditional moral standards change due tostandards
that come fromothercountries andregions
The arrival of different (untraditional toLatvia)
religion
The arrival of differentcultures andtraditions
Mixedmarriages betweenLatvia's inhabitants and
people of differentetchnicities andskincolor
verylarge threat
small threat
nothreatatall
difficulttosay/no
answer
Source: Market research centre SKDS. ‘Nacionālo ideju popularitāte sabiedrībā, Latvijas iedzīvotāju aptauja’ (Popularity of nationalistic ideas
among the population. A survey of Latvia’s inhabitants), July 2012, commissioned by the Alliance of European Conservatives and Reformists.
21. Conclusion
• Question about people: who will live in Latvia? Whom do we want
to live in Latvia? How do we manage public services with limited
resources – weaker provision of services, higher taxes, or more
people contributing their resources?
• To enhance the return of Latvians, the society needs to realize and
be ready to increasing diversity of Latvia’s population, with spouses
from other countries and more ‘mixed’ children living in Latvia.
• Immigration is inevitable, a reality. Need to manage risks, mainly
due to lack of policies and negative public attitudes thanks to the
Soviet migration experience, integration of Russian-speaking
population, especially as the majority of migrants come from Russia,
Ukraine and Belarus able to survive without learning Latvian
language.