This document discusses the evolution of video conferencing to high-definition formats. It defines high-definition video and the standards for HD video conferencing such as resolutions of 1080i or 720p. The benefits of HD video conferencing include clearer images, smoother motion, and the ability to share high-resolution content across different industries.
This document provides an overview of high-definition television (HDTV). It discusses the history and generations of television leading to the development of HDTV. Key points include that HDTV was standardized in the US in the 1980s and adopted in 1996, and provides substantially higher resolution than standard definition TV. The document also compares HDTV and SDTV, discusses the introduction and adoption of HDTV in India, and reviews the advantages like improved picture and sound quality as well as disadvantages such as higher costs.
RGB Broadcast Services Corp. is a Puerto Rico-based company that provides various services including broadcast, RF, signage, audiovisual, and hospitality solutions. They have completed projects for many Puerto Rican television and radio stations. Their services include digital signage, radio transmitters, microwaves links, and in-room entertainment systems for hotels.
Presentation on HDTV Technology and Scanning Techniques
1) Progressive and interlaced
2) Broadcasting System
3) Aspect Ratio
4) Frame Rate
5) Pixels
6) Frame
7) CRT and HDTV
The document summarizes a home audio/video distribution system called the StarServe Video HDAV Distribution System. It allows viewing of high definition content like TV, DVDs, and gaming consoles anywhere in the home. The key components are the Matrix Hub, Baluns, and infrared remote target. The Matrix Hub can distribute 4 sources to 8 rooms, and the Baluns deliver a crisp 1080p picture and stereo audio to any room via CAT5 cabling up to 60 meters. An infrared remote target allows controlling the system from any room.
HDTV, or high-definition television, offers greatly improved picture quality compared to standard television through higher resolution and improved color. It displays either 720 or 1080 interlaced lines of resolution. HDTV provides digital surround sound and requires new production and transmission equipment. While mainly used by companies with large marketing budgets and movie studios, HDTV programming and compatible devices will likely become more widespread and affordable as the technology advances.
This document discusses digital television technology trends. It compares analog and digital television systems, describing improvements in quality for signals, images, sound, and number of channels in digital television. It also covers topics like high dynamic range, resolutions up to 8K, color gamuts, frame rates, and video coding standards. The document outlines roadmaps for ultra high definition television standards and deployments in countries like Korea and Japan.
Ultra HD: Sooner than expected? - White Paper - The Future TrustTechnicolor
From the first digital TV services from DirecTV in 1994 and the Mpeg2-‐based UK service launch in 1998, to the 2006 introduction of mass market HDTV in Europe based on Mpeg4 AVC, there has been a continuous effort to optimize encoder technologies. The goal has always been the same: enhanced picture quality using less bandwidth. Recent heightened interest in 4K/UHD services goes along with this search for bandwidth optimization; as an encoder technology, HEVC appears as a natural progression.
This white paper aims to provide a clear overview of where the industry stands on 4K/UHD services at the beginning of 2014, following numerous product introductions at CES this year, all along the E2E chain.
In the wake of predictions of slow 4K/UHD deployment, this paper examines the rapid progress achieved over the past year and reviews ways to improve image quality through up-‐scaled HD, which enables providers to deliver a 4K/UHD experience without native 4K/UHD content. Thanks to embedded HEVC decoding capabilities and future proof technology for native 4K/UHD content, the next generation of set-‐top boxes can make 4K/UHD a reality earlier than expected for NSPs who want to accelerate their migration and stay ahead of the competition.
This document discusses the essential considerations for 4K/UHD video. It covers 12 topics: resolution, throughput and need for compression, common compression formats, display standards and minimum viewing distances, connectivity interfaces like SDI and HDMI, frame rates, color spaces, bit depth, camera optics and sensors, audio standards, an example media workflow chain, and objective quality measurement. It provides information on resolution, sampling, bit depth, frame rates and data rates for different formats. It also includes example test results and source sample information.
This document provides an overview of high-definition television (HDTV). It discusses the history and generations of television leading to the development of HDTV. Key points include that HDTV was standardized in the US in the 1980s and adopted in 1996, and provides substantially higher resolution than standard definition TV. The document also compares HDTV and SDTV, discusses the introduction and adoption of HDTV in India, and reviews the advantages like improved picture and sound quality as well as disadvantages such as higher costs.
RGB Broadcast Services Corp. is a Puerto Rico-based company that provides various services including broadcast, RF, signage, audiovisual, and hospitality solutions. They have completed projects for many Puerto Rican television and radio stations. Their services include digital signage, radio transmitters, microwaves links, and in-room entertainment systems for hotels.
Presentation on HDTV Technology and Scanning Techniques
1) Progressive and interlaced
2) Broadcasting System
3) Aspect Ratio
4) Frame Rate
5) Pixels
6) Frame
7) CRT and HDTV
The document summarizes a home audio/video distribution system called the StarServe Video HDAV Distribution System. It allows viewing of high definition content like TV, DVDs, and gaming consoles anywhere in the home. The key components are the Matrix Hub, Baluns, and infrared remote target. The Matrix Hub can distribute 4 sources to 8 rooms, and the Baluns deliver a crisp 1080p picture and stereo audio to any room via CAT5 cabling up to 60 meters. An infrared remote target allows controlling the system from any room.
HDTV, or high-definition television, offers greatly improved picture quality compared to standard television through higher resolution and improved color. It displays either 720 or 1080 interlaced lines of resolution. HDTV provides digital surround sound and requires new production and transmission equipment. While mainly used by companies with large marketing budgets and movie studios, HDTV programming and compatible devices will likely become more widespread and affordable as the technology advances.
This document discusses digital television technology trends. It compares analog and digital television systems, describing improvements in quality for signals, images, sound, and number of channels in digital television. It also covers topics like high dynamic range, resolutions up to 8K, color gamuts, frame rates, and video coding standards. The document outlines roadmaps for ultra high definition television standards and deployments in countries like Korea and Japan.
Ultra HD: Sooner than expected? - White Paper - The Future TrustTechnicolor
From the first digital TV services from DirecTV in 1994 and the Mpeg2-‐based UK service launch in 1998, to the 2006 introduction of mass market HDTV in Europe based on Mpeg4 AVC, there has been a continuous effort to optimize encoder technologies. The goal has always been the same: enhanced picture quality using less bandwidth. Recent heightened interest in 4K/UHD services goes along with this search for bandwidth optimization; as an encoder technology, HEVC appears as a natural progression.
This white paper aims to provide a clear overview of where the industry stands on 4K/UHD services at the beginning of 2014, following numerous product introductions at CES this year, all along the E2E chain.
In the wake of predictions of slow 4K/UHD deployment, this paper examines the rapid progress achieved over the past year and reviews ways to improve image quality through up-‐scaled HD, which enables providers to deliver a 4K/UHD experience without native 4K/UHD content. Thanks to embedded HEVC decoding capabilities and future proof technology for native 4K/UHD content, the next generation of set-‐top boxes can make 4K/UHD a reality earlier than expected for NSPs who want to accelerate their migration and stay ahead of the competition.
This document discusses the essential considerations for 4K/UHD video. It covers 12 topics: resolution, throughput and need for compression, common compression formats, display standards and minimum viewing distances, connectivity interfaces like SDI and HDMI, frame rates, color spaces, bit depth, camera optics and sensors, audio standards, an example media workflow chain, and objective quality measurement. It provides information on resolution, sampling, bit depth, frame rates and data rates for different formats. It also includes example test results and source sample information.
The document discusses the history and development of high-definition television (HDTV) from the 1930s to present day. It covers early HD systems with 240 lines of resolution in the 1930s-1950s, the global development of HD standards in the 1950s-1970s including systems in Germany and the Soviet Union, and Japan's development of the first consumer HD system in 1969. It then discusses the introduction and adoption of HDTV in the United States from the 1980s-1990s and the establishment of the Grand Alliance standard in 1994. Finally, it lists the many HDTV broadcast and cable channels available today globally.
Digital television transmission converts analog television signals into digital bits to avoid deterioration during transmission. Digital signals do not weaken over long distances and allow for exact reproduction of pictures and sound quality regardless of the broadcast. High definition television uses larger frame sizes like 1280x720 or 1920x1080 pixels compared to standard definition, providing two to five times larger images. Frame rate is measured in frames per second and different aspect ratios allow for wider or taller displays. Digital compression techniques like MPEG-2 and H.264 are used to reduce the large file sizes of uncompressed high definition video.
The 1390A Series HDMI distribution amplifiers from Audio Authority distribute one HDMI source signal to multiple displays. They are available in models that provide 2, 4, or 8 outputs. They support HDMI 1.3 standards including resolutions up to 1080p/60 and audio formats like Dolby and DTS. Distances up to 50 feet can be achieved between the amplifier and displays with high quality cables.
This document provides an overview of ZeeVee's products for distributing HD video over existing coaxial cable. It discusses digital modulation technology, design examples for various commercial applications, and tips for calculating cable loss and configuring ZeeVee encoders and modulators. The ZeeVee product line includes single-channel ZvBoxes for small installations, and multi-channel HDbridge systems for larger headends supporting dozens of simultaneous channels over a single coax cable network.
The document is a user manual for the AJA HD10MD3 HDTV HD to SDI Down Converter. It provides an overview of the product's features which include broadcast-quality HD to SD down conversion, dual-rate HD-SDI/SDI input and output, support for various HD and SD input formats, and external dipswitch configuration. It also includes a block diagram showing the device's signal processing components.
Belden provides a comprehensive portfolio of audio, video, networking, and fiber optic cabling and connectivity solutions. Their product offering includes traditional AV cabling as well as solutions for newer technologies like HDBaseT, HDMI, and AV over IP. Belden's cabling products are available through their network of distributors nationwide and are supported by technical services to ensure successful system planning and deployment.
This document provides definitions and guidance to help understand different technologies:
1) It includes a glossary of terms defining various devices, technologies, TV and radio services, and formats alphabetically.
2) For each question in the accompanying questionnaire, it lists the relevant terms and provides instructions on how to identify if you have access to certain technologies.
3) Examples of how to check what TV services you subscribe to, what type of TV you have, and whether your devices support certain features are given to help answer questions from the questionnaire.
This document provides a history of television standards and the evolution from standard definition to high definition television. It discusses technologies like VHS, DVD, Blu-Ray and various television standards including NTSC, PAL, and ATSC. The document outlines the specifications and components of HDTV including higher resolution, wider aspect ratio, digital surround sound, and integration with computers. It describes differences between progressive and interlaced scanning as well as technical details of ATSC standards for HDTV.
The HVR-M35E is Sony's flagship HDV VTR that supports native progressive recording of HDV formats. It supports playback and recording of HDV 1080i, 720p, DVCAM, and DV formats. The VTR has dual cassette slots that accept both standard and mini cassettes, an HD/SD-SDI output, and can playback 4 channels of audio. It provides flexibility through multi-format support and conversion between HD and SD formats.
Is The Television The Next Two Way Communication Tool March3John Gallagher
This document discusses the potential for televisions to become the next major two-way communication tool. It notes that communication applications are extending beyond enterprises to any device on any platform. While Steve Jobs previously said televisions are for turning your brain off, major companies like Cisco, LG and Samsung are entering the home telepresence market. Two-way communication capabilities on televisions could include uses like interactive reality shows, remote news reporting, and video conferencing. High-definition voice and video would provide high quality for these interactions. Standards and technologies have advanced to support transforming televisions into a new type of communication device.
The opening of London Heathrow Airport's new Terminal 5 by British Airways was plagued with problems handling baggage. On the first day, arriving passengers waited over an hour for their bags and some flights departed without luggage due to issues with the baggage handling system, including belts jamming. While planning accounted for processing 12,000 bags per hour, inexperienced staff and technical issues disrupted operations. The Department of Transportation called for resolving issues to limit passenger disruptions. British Airways responded by testing systems more thoroughly to prevent future problems.
The document discusses different types of adverbs in 3 categories:
1. Adverbs of manner which describe how something is done and are often formed by adding -ly to adjectives.
2. Adverbs of time, place, frequency which answer questions like when, where, how often.
3. Conjunctive adverbs which connect independent clauses and include words like however, consequently, otherwise.
Friedland Global Capital Stock Market ListingsRana S
Friedland Global Capital is a global financial services firm that assists privately-held companies worldwide in accessing foreign capital and obtaining stock market listings. It has offices in China, Singapore, Panama, and representatives in several other countries. The firm provides a full scope of services including advisory, financing, and listing services to help companies list on stock exchanges in Australia, Canada, Germany, Singapore, the UK, and the US. Listing provides ongoing access to foreign capital that can help growing companies expand.
This document provides tips and resources for content marketers to create and promote content effectively. It recommends asking questions about the audience and goals before starting, then looking at what other companies are doing well. It discusses whether to outsource content creation and provides resources for writing, graphics, and video. The document also stresses the importance of consistency through an editorial calendar and offers tools for managing content and tracking results.
This document discusses multi-agency situational awareness and alert implementation procedures. It outlines the typical vertical and horizontal integration of different agencies, and presents a management platform for collecting, transmitting, and controlling alert information. The document also discusses establishing a national Common Alerting Protocol (CAP) profile by defining the types of incidents covered, intended audiences, languages, geographic areas, and communication technologies used. It provides an example authority hierarchy register from the Philippines and information on the World Meteorological Organization's register of alerting authorities.
Securing data today and in the future - Oracle NYCUlf Mattsson
NYOUG - New York Oracle Users Group:
- Risks Associated with Cloud Computing
- Data Tokens in a Cloud Environment
- Data Tokenization at the Gateway Layer
- Data Tokenization at the Database Layer
- Risk Management and PCI
This document discusses how social media can bring people together by allowing them to share their emotions and communicate with others. It suggests social media may help humanity grow as a united group and gives an example of how social media was used to raise money for breast cancer research by spreading the message "I like it on the kitchen table".
Washington State University works internally and across the state with several partners to bring positive economic impact to our region. With a combined approach encompassing economic development, corporate relations, small business development centers, and commercialization, we strive to network, engage, connect, and catalyze investment.
The document describes research conducted by L. Torres, H. Gonzalez, J. Ojeda, and J. Monguet from the Barcelona Tech School of Engineers. The researchers conducted a virtual ethnography of Web 2.0 tools and environments. They observed participants' use of blogs, communities, and other tools. Based on their findings, they developed a descriptive model of a personal learning environment within Web 2.0.
The document discusses the Lord's Prayer and its meaning. It explores the different names of God and their significance. It analyzes each line of the Lord's Prayer, discussing concepts like glorifying God, trusting in Him for daily needs, confessing and forgiving sins, and avoiding temptation. The overall message is that believers should make the principles of the Lord's Prayer central to how they live their lives and relate to God.
Whether you need something off-the-shelf, a small modification, or built-to-spec, AMREL will meet your requirements.
-Over 80% of the products AMREL sells are customized
-We are the only solution provider that extends manufacturer’s guarantees to modifications
-Low volume orders, low NRE – No problem
The document discusses the history and development of high-definition television (HDTV) from the 1930s to present day. It covers early HD systems with 240 lines of resolution in the 1930s-1950s, the global development of HD standards in the 1950s-1970s including systems in Germany and the Soviet Union, and Japan's development of the first consumer HD system in 1969. It then discusses the introduction and adoption of HDTV in the United States from the 1980s-1990s and the establishment of the Grand Alliance standard in 1994. Finally, it lists the many HDTV broadcast and cable channels available today globally.
Digital television transmission converts analog television signals into digital bits to avoid deterioration during transmission. Digital signals do not weaken over long distances and allow for exact reproduction of pictures and sound quality regardless of the broadcast. High definition television uses larger frame sizes like 1280x720 or 1920x1080 pixels compared to standard definition, providing two to five times larger images. Frame rate is measured in frames per second and different aspect ratios allow for wider or taller displays. Digital compression techniques like MPEG-2 and H.264 are used to reduce the large file sizes of uncompressed high definition video.
The 1390A Series HDMI distribution amplifiers from Audio Authority distribute one HDMI source signal to multiple displays. They are available in models that provide 2, 4, or 8 outputs. They support HDMI 1.3 standards including resolutions up to 1080p/60 and audio formats like Dolby and DTS. Distances up to 50 feet can be achieved between the amplifier and displays with high quality cables.
This document provides an overview of ZeeVee's products for distributing HD video over existing coaxial cable. It discusses digital modulation technology, design examples for various commercial applications, and tips for calculating cable loss and configuring ZeeVee encoders and modulators. The ZeeVee product line includes single-channel ZvBoxes for small installations, and multi-channel HDbridge systems for larger headends supporting dozens of simultaneous channels over a single coax cable network.
The document is a user manual for the AJA HD10MD3 HDTV HD to SDI Down Converter. It provides an overview of the product's features which include broadcast-quality HD to SD down conversion, dual-rate HD-SDI/SDI input and output, support for various HD and SD input formats, and external dipswitch configuration. It also includes a block diagram showing the device's signal processing components.
Belden provides a comprehensive portfolio of audio, video, networking, and fiber optic cabling and connectivity solutions. Their product offering includes traditional AV cabling as well as solutions for newer technologies like HDBaseT, HDMI, and AV over IP. Belden's cabling products are available through their network of distributors nationwide and are supported by technical services to ensure successful system planning and deployment.
This document provides definitions and guidance to help understand different technologies:
1) It includes a glossary of terms defining various devices, technologies, TV and radio services, and formats alphabetically.
2) For each question in the accompanying questionnaire, it lists the relevant terms and provides instructions on how to identify if you have access to certain technologies.
3) Examples of how to check what TV services you subscribe to, what type of TV you have, and whether your devices support certain features are given to help answer questions from the questionnaire.
This document provides a history of television standards and the evolution from standard definition to high definition television. It discusses technologies like VHS, DVD, Blu-Ray and various television standards including NTSC, PAL, and ATSC. The document outlines the specifications and components of HDTV including higher resolution, wider aspect ratio, digital surround sound, and integration with computers. It describes differences between progressive and interlaced scanning as well as technical details of ATSC standards for HDTV.
The HVR-M35E is Sony's flagship HDV VTR that supports native progressive recording of HDV formats. It supports playback and recording of HDV 1080i, 720p, DVCAM, and DV formats. The VTR has dual cassette slots that accept both standard and mini cassettes, an HD/SD-SDI output, and can playback 4 channels of audio. It provides flexibility through multi-format support and conversion between HD and SD formats.
Is The Television The Next Two Way Communication Tool March3John Gallagher
This document discusses the potential for televisions to become the next major two-way communication tool. It notes that communication applications are extending beyond enterprises to any device on any platform. While Steve Jobs previously said televisions are for turning your brain off, major companies like Cisco, LG and Samsung are entering the home telepresence market. Two-way communication capabilities on televisions could include uses like interactive reality shows, remote news reporting, and video conferencing. High-definition voice and video would provide high quality for these interactions. Standards and technologies have advanced to support transforming televisions into a new type of communication device.
The opening of London Heathrow Airport's new Terminal 5 by British Airways was plagued with problems handling baggage. On the first day, arriving passengers waited over an hour for their bags and some flights departed without luggage due to issues with the baggage handling system, including belts jamming. While planning accounted for processing 12,000 bags per hour, inexperienced staff and technical issues disrupted operations. The Department of Transportation called for resolving issues to limit passenger disruptions. British Airways responded by testing systems more thoroughly to prevent future problems.
The document discusses different types of adverbs in 3 categories:
1. Adverbs of manner which describe how something is done and are often formed by adding -ly to adjectives.
2. Adverbs of time, place, frequency which answer questions like when, where, how often.
3. Conjunctive adverbs which connect independent clauses and include words like however, consequently, otherwise.
Friedland Global Capital Stock Market ListingsRana S
Friedland Global Capital is a global financial services firm that assists privately-held companies worldwide in accessing foreign capital and obtaining stock market listings. It has offices in China, Singapore, Panama, and representatives in several other countries. The firm provides a full scope of services including advisory, financing, and listing services to help companies list on stock exchanges in Australia, Canada, Germany, Singapore, the UK, and the US. Listing provides ongoing access to foreign capital that can help growing companies expand.
This document provides tips and resources for content marketers to create and promote content effectively. It recommends asking questions about the audience and goals before starting, then looking at what other companies are doing well. It discusses whether to outsource content creation and provides resources for writing, graphics, and video. The document also stresses the importance of consistency through an editorial calendar and offers tools for managing content and tracking results.
This document discusses multi-agency situational awareness and alert implementation procedures. It outlines the typical vertical and horizontal integration of different agencies, and presents a management platform for collecting, transmitting, and controlling alert information. The document also discusses establishing a national Common Alerting Protocol (CAP) profile by defining the types of incidents covered, intended audiences, languages, geographic areas, and communication technologies used. It provides an example authority hierarchy register from the Philippines and information on the World Meteorological Organization's register of alerting authorities.
Securing data today and in the future - Oracle NYCUlf Mattsson
NYOUG - New York Oracle Users Group:
- Risks Associated with Cloud Computing
- Data Tokens in a Cloud Environment
- Data Tokenization at the Gateway Layer
- Data Tokenization at the Database Layer
- Risk Management and PCI
This document discusses how social media can bring people together by allowing them to share their emotions and communicate with others. It suggests social media may help humanity grow as a united group and gives an example of how social media was used to raise money for breast cancer research by spreading the message "I like it on the kitchen table".
Washington State University works internally and across the state with several partners to bring positive economic impact to our region. With a combined approach encompassing economic development, corporate relations, small business development centers, and commercialization, we strive to network, engage, connect, and catalyze investment.
The document describes research conducted by L. Torres, H. Gonzalez, J. Ojeda, and J. Monguet from the Barcelona Tech School of Engineers. The researchers conducted a virtual ethnography of Web 2.0 tools and environments. They observed participants' use of blogs, communities, and other tools. Based on their findings, they developed a descriptive model of a personal learning environment within Web 2.0.
The document discusses the Lord's Prayer and its meaning. It explores the different names of God and their significance. It analyzes each line of the Lord's Prayer, discussing concepts like glorifying God, trusting in Him for daily needs, confessing and forgiving sins, and avoiding temptation. The overall message is that believers should make the principles of the Lord's Prayer central to how they live their lives and relate to God.
Whether you need something off-the-shelf, a small modification, or built-to-spec, AMREL will meet your requirements.
-Over 80% of the products AMREL sells are customized
-We are the only solution provider that extends manufacturer’s guarantees to modifications
-Low volume orders, low NRE – No problem
This document provides the grading criteria for a Hatchet RAFT writing assignment. It will be graded on a 30 point scale. Students must include their name and hour at the top of the paper. They must clearly identify the RAFT elements at the beginning. The writing must be at least 3/4 to a full page and cite a specific quote with a page number from the text. Proper conventions and neat writing are also graded.
This document provides a summary of upcoming community events and volunteer opportunities in the local area from May 26th to June 23rd, as well as information about military family assistance resources on Fort Drum. Key dates and events mentioned include Memorial Day commemorations on May 28th, the USO & American Legion Riders Bike Rally on June 2nd, and the Fort Drum Riverfest from June 21st-23rd. Contact information is provided for various family support programs on base.
This document provides an overview of high-definition television (HDTV) including what makes it different from standard TV, the various HDTV formats and resolutions, common terminology, and the types of programming and equipment needed to view HDTV. It explains that HDTV has significantly higher resolution than standard TV, can be displayed in progressive or interlaced scan modes, and uses a widescreen 16:9 aspect ratio. Various HDTV and audio/video connection standards are described. Consumer viewing options include integrated or external HD receivers and choosing between widescreen or standard screen HDTV displays.
This document provides an overview of high-definition television (HDTV) including what makes it different from standard TV, the various HDTV formats and resolutions, key terminology, and the types of programming and equipment needed to view HDTV. It explains that HDTV has much higher resolution than standard TV, can be displayed in progressive or interlaced scan modes, and uses a widescreen 16:9 aspect ratio. Major networks and cable channels are offering more HDTV programming. Viewers need an HDTV or HD-ready TV along with a set-top receiver and antenna or subscription to view HDTV.
Polycom ® Video Communications H.264 and Pro-Motion ™ : The ...Videoguy
Polycom provides video conferencing systems that deliver the highest quality video through cutting edge technologies like H.264 video compression and Pro-Motion. H.264 allows for better video quality at half the bit rate of previous standards. Pro-Motion preserves both video fields for smoother motion and higher resolution. Polycom systems automatically choose the best algorithm to optimize quality based on bandwidth and scene type. Polycom continues to advance video technologies to provide the best experience.
Technical fundmentals in film or video productionSabir Haque
Understand various technologies involved around Broadcast Media & Film making
Familiarity with Compression and Video File formats
Analyze the workflow for a video production
This guide book prepared by Dolby, Harmonic and TDG offers a detailed examination of the technological innovations and standards that are defining UHD video and audio, as well as a realistic assessment of the market dynamics that will determine the pace at which UHD matures and diffuses.
High Definition Video Conferencing and the Ohio K-12 Network ...Videoguy
This document discusses high definition video conferencing and provides guidance to members of the Ohio K-12 video network on implementing HD technology. It outlines the benefits of HD such as improved picture quality and better motion handling. However, it also notes limitations including limited installed base, higher bandwidth needs, and increased costs. The document provides considerations for evaluating if HD is right for a given network and lists several manufacturers that offer HD video conferencing products.
The document summarizes 4K display technology. It discusses the history of 4K, including the first 4K camera in 2003 and support for 4K videos on YouTube in 2010. It describes the motivation for 4K as providing higher resolution than 1080p for closer viewing distances. The document outlines key specifications for 4K including its resolution of 4096x2160 pixels, recording standards, and the recommended REC. 2020 color space. It notes that while 4K technology provides higher quality images, the displays and content are still expensive to produce compared to 1080p.
The document summarizes 4K display technology. It discusses the history of 4K, including the first 4K camera in 2003 and support for 4K videos on YouTube in 2010. It describes the motivation for 4K as providing higher resolution than 1080p for closer viewing distances. The document outlines key specifications for 4K including its resolution of 4096x2160 pixels, recording standards, and the recommended REC. 2020 color space. It notes that while 4K technology provides higher quality images, the displays and content are still expensive to produce compared to 1080p.
The document summarizes 4K display technology. It discusses the history of 4K, including the first 4K camera in 2003 and support for 4K videos on YouTube in 2010. It describes the motivation for 4K as providing higher resolution than 1080p for closer viewing distances. The document outlines key specifications for 4K including its resolution of 4096x2160 pixels, recording standards, and the recommended REC. 2020 color space. It notes that while 4K technology provides higher quality images, the displays and content are still expensive to produce compared to 1080p.
This document discusses video production basics, including definitions of HD formats like 720p and 1080p/i, considerations around progressive vs. interlaced scanning, common HD frame rates, reasons for shooting in 24p, and an overview of digital video files and codecs. Key points are that 720p has a resolution of 1280x720 and 1080p/i has 1920x1080, progressive scanning is simpler but networks may require interlaced, and 24p is used for film-like quality or when transferring to film.
The document discusses display technology including 4K and 8K resolutions. It provides details on 4K specifications, the difference between UHD and 4K, the REC. 2020 color standard, frame rates and digital representation. It also discusses factors like viewing distance, growth of 4K, and whether 4K TVs are future proof. The challenges of 8K technology are also summarized along with references used.
Lighting up Lync Video - Network PreparationIVCi, LLC
The document discusses technical requirements and best practices for supporting video in Lync 2013 desktop and mobile clients as well as Lync room systems. It provides details on video codecs, resolutions, bandwidth requirements, and conferencing views in Lync 2013. It also covers capacity planning considerations and tools for controlling and limiting video bandwidth usage through conferencing policies.
This document contains technical information and descriptions about a World Cup sting produced for ITV Sport, including a brief description of the visual elements in the sting and the techniques used to create it, such as animation, visual effects, and color rendering. It also provides technical metadata about the video format, screen ratio, resolution, frame rate, and compression used. Key terms related to motion graphics, video compositing, and other technical aspects are defined in a glossary.
The document discusses challenges and recommendations for delivering 4K and virtual reality content. It begins by defining key terms like resolution, codecs, formats, and encoding for 4K and VR. It then examines use cases for delivering 360-degree VR videos and live 4K experiences. Challenges include high bandwidth requirements, ensuring low latency and quality for VR, and achieving resilient ingest for live streams. The document recommends techniques like tiled encoding for VR and using Akamai's media services for live 4K delivery to address these challenges. It emphasizes that new technologies are emerging in over-the-top media before traditional broadcast.
HTML 5 supports live streaming via codecs like H.264 and H.265. It allows media players to be coded directly into HTML 5. The document provides an overview of streaming and broadcasting technologies, including formats like HLS, RTMP, and WebRTC. Diagrams compare image sizes, video quality dimensions, and network layers involved in streaming.
Polycom provides video conferencing systems that use H.264 and Pro-Motion video compression technologies to deliver high quality video. H.264 allows for better video quality at half the bit rate of previous standards. Pro-Motion preserves both video fields for smoother motion. Polycom systems can choose between the standards to optimize video quality for the connection bandwidth and scene content.
The document discusses 4K Ultra High Definition TV solutions, including:
- Defining 4K as 3840 x 2160 progressive with a frame rate of 50-59.94 Hz and 4:2:2 color sampling
- ATEME's Titan Live software solution for 4K live encoding and contribution using H.264 and distribution using HEVC
- Examples of Titan Live being used to deliver live 4K coverage of the 2014 FIFA World Cup over DVB-T2 and DVB-S2 networks
High Definition Video Conferencing End-to-endVideoguy
The document discusses high definition video conferencing, including what HD is, its benefits over current video standards, and Polycom's HD video conferencing solutions. Polycom offers HD-ready multipoint control units that support HD. They will deliver new HD-capable endpoints in 2006 with HD cameras and codecs. Polycom also provides an HD upgrade for current VSX 8000 users and aims to be the leader in end-to-end HD video conferencing solutions.
HDTV provides higher quality digital video broadcasts compared to analog television. It offers improved resolution, reduced noise and ghosting, and additional audio/data services. HDTV transitioned from analog to digital broadcasts and its adoption is growing. Key aspects include higher pixel counts, different display technologies like plasma and DLP, and higher frame rates that reduce motion blur compared to standard definition. HDTV connectivity requires components that support digital signals and higher resolutions. Its impact includes increased spending on equipment and production quality.
This paper proposes an adaptive energy management policy for wireless video streaming between a battery-powered client and server. It models the energy consumption of the server and client based on factors like CPU frequency, transmission power, and channel bandwidth. The paper formulates an optimization problem to assign optimal energy to each video frame. This maximizes system lifetime while meeting a minimum video quality requirement. Experimental results show the proposed policy increases overall system lifetime by 20% on average.
Microsoft PowerPoint - WirelessCluster_PresVideoguy
This document analyzes delays in unicast video streaming over IEEE 802.11 WLAN networks. It describes conducting an experiment using a testbed with a Darwin Streaming Server and WLAN probe to capture packets. The analysis found that video bitrate variations, packetization scheme, bandwidth load, and frame-based nature of video all impacted mean delay. Bursts of packets from video frames caused per-packet delay to increase in a sawtooth pattern. Increasing uplink load was also found to affect delay variations.
Proxy Cache Management for Fine-Grained Scalable Video StreamingVideoguy
This document proposes a novel video caching framework that uses MPEG-4 Fine-Grained Scalable (FGS) video with post-encoding rate control to achieve low-cost and fine-grained rate adaptation. The framework allows clients to have heterogeneous bandwidths and enables adaptive control of backbone bandwidth consumption. It examines issues in caching FGS videos, such as determining the optimal portion to cache (in terms of length and rate) and optimal streaming rate to clients. Simulation results show it significantly reduces transmission costs compared to non-adaptive caching while providing flexible utility to heterogeneous clients with low computational overhead.
The document compares Microsoft Windows Media and the Adobe Flash Platform for streaming media. It discusses key differences like user experience, workflows, and playback reach. Flash offers more flexibility in creative expression, richer interactions, and wider device playback than Windows Media. It also has a 98% install base, making it easier for viewers to watch streams without extra software. The document outlines workflows for experience design, programming, broadcasting, production, and more using Flash tools versus Microsoft alternatives.
Free-riding Resilient Video Streaming in Peer-to-Peer NetworksVideoguy
This document summarizes a PhD thesis about free-riding resilient video streaming in peer-to-peer networks. The thesis contains research on two approaches: tree-based live streaming and swarm-based video-on-demand. For tree-based live streaming, the thesis presents the Orchard algorithm for constructing and maintaining trees to distribute video in a peer-to-peer network. It analyzes attacks on Orchard like free-riding and evaluates Orchard's performance under different conditions through experiments. For swarm-based video-on-demand, the thesis introduces the Give-to-Get approach for distributing video files and compares it to other peer-to-peer protocols. It evaluates Give-to-Get's performance in experiments
BT has developed Fastnets technology to improve video streaming. It avoids start-up delays and picture freezing during congestion. Fastnets streams multiple encoded versions of the video at different data rates and seamlessly switches between them based on available bandwidth to maintain quality without pausing. This allows for near-instant start times and reduces bandwidth usage by up to 30%. Fastnets provides a high-quality video streaming solution for both mobile and IPTV applications.
This document summarizes recent research on video streaming over Bluetooth networks. It discusses three key areas: intermediate protocols, quality of service (QoS) control, and media compression. For intermediate protocols, it evaluates streaming via HCI, L2CAP, and IP layers and their tradeoffs. For QoS control, it describes how error control mechanisms like link layer FEC, retransmission, and error concealment can improve video quality over Bluetooth. It also discusses congestion control. For media compression, it notes the importance of compression to achieve efficiency over limited Bluetooth bandwidths.
The document discusses video streaming, including definitions and concepts. It covers topics such as the difference between streaming and downloading, common streaming categories like live and on-demand, protocols used for streaming like RTSP and RTP, and the development process for creating streaming video including content planning, capturing, editing, encoding, and integrating with servers.
Inlet Technologies offers a live video streaming solution called Spinnaker that uses Intel Xeon processors with quad-core technology. Spinnaker can encode live video streams into multiple formats and resolutions simultaneously. This allows content to be delivered optimally to various devices. Spinnaker is a flexible, scalable solution that can increase broadcast capacity cost-effectively while maintaining high video quality.
Considerations for Creating Streamed Video Content over 3G ...Videoguy
The document discusses considerations for creating video content that can be streamed over mobile networks with restricted bandwidth like 3G-324M. It covers topics like video basics, codecs, profiles and levels, video streaming techniques, guidelines for authoring mobile-friendly content, and tools for analyzing video streams. The goal is to help content creators optimize video quality for low-bandwidth mobile viewing.
ADVANCES IN CHANNEL-ADAPTIVE VIDEO STREAMINGVideoguy
This document summarizes recent advances in channel-adaptive video streaming. It reviews adaptive media playout at the client to reduce latency, rate-distortion optimized packet scheduling to determine the best packet to send, and channel-adaptive packet dependency control to improve error robustness and reduce latency. It also discusses challenges for wireless video streaming and different wireless streaming architectures.
Impact of FEC Overhead on Scalable Video StreamingVideoguy
The document discusses the impact of forward error correction (FEC) overhead on scalable video streaming. It aims to address uncertainty about the benefits of FEC and provide insight into how FEC overhead affects scalable video performance. The motivation section explains that FEC is often used for streaming to overcome packet loss without retransmission. However, previous studies have reported conflicting results on the benefits of FEC. The background section provides details on media-independent FEC schemes.
The document proposes a cost-effective solution for video streaming and rich media applications using Vela's RapidAccess video server combined with iQstor's iQ1200 SATA storage system. The integrated encoding, decoding and video serving capabilities of RapidAccess are paired with the scalable storage and virtualization features of the iQ1200 SATA storage array to provide a robust yet affordable infrastructure for applications such as video on demand, corporate training and distance learning.
This document provides information on streaming video into Second Life, including:
- The basic prerequisites for streaming video include being the landowner, using QuickTime format videos, and having the video hosted on a web server.
- There are three main ways to stream video: establishing movie playback, streaming live video, and broadcasting from Second Life.
- Streaming live video or broadcasting involves using software like QuickTime Broadcaster or Windows Media Encoder to capture the video stream and send it to a hosting server, then entering that URL in Second Life.
XStream Live 2 is a live video encoding and streaming software that allows users to broadcast high quality HD video at low bitrates. It supports various video formats and streaming servers. The software provides high quality H.264 encoding with proprietary technology. It is designed for live event streaming, IPTV, and other video distribution uses.
The document provides instructions for setting up a homemade videoconference streaming solution using Windows Media software. The solution involves installing Windows Media Encoder and Administrator on a server and configuring the software to receive a video stream from a videoconferencing terminal. The streaming server then broadcasts the stream in real-time to clients who can view it using media player software. The solution provides a low-cost way to stream videoconferences but has limitations such as only supporting one conference stream at a time.
This document describes iStream Live 2 software for live streaming video to iPhones and iPads. It allows streaming of SD or HD video over HTTP from a variety of video sources. Key features include support for all major CDNs, encoding of H.264 video and AAC audio for high quality at low bitrates, and integration with existing Windows streaming systems. It provides better quality streaming than other encoders at lower bandwidth requirements.
Glow: Video streaming training guide - FirefoxVideoguy
This document provides a guide to using Glow video streaming. It includes tutorials on setting up video streaming by adding the Video Streaming Management web part, uploading video clips, viewing clips, editing clip information, and deleting clips. The guide also discusses how video streaming can be used to support learning and teaching, such as adding videos to lessons.
1. HIGH-DEFINITION: THE EVOLUTION OF VIDEO
CONFERENCING
This white paper defines high-definition (HD) and
Technology Brief how it relates to the video conferencing industry
today. HD video conferencing standards,
requirements, resolutions and formats are
Polycom, Inc. discussed, as well as the benefits of HD video
4750 Willow Road conferencing in key industries today such as
Pleasanton, CA 94588 telemedicine, government and distance learning.
Readers of this HD video conferencing brief will be
1.800.POLYCOM
well-informed and will be able to clearly determine
when and how to implement HD video conferencing
in their organization.
2. High-Definition: The Evolution of Video Conferencing
TABLE OF CONTENTS
HIGH-DEFINITION: THE EVOLUTION OF VIDEO CONFERENCING .......................................... 3
What is High-Definition Video?................................................................................................ 3
What Are the Standards for High-Definition Video Conferencing? .................................... 4
How Does HD Video Conferencing Compare to HD Television? ...................................... 5
What Are the Requirements for High-Definition Video Conferencing? ............................. 5
What Are the Benefits of High-Definition Video Conferencing? ......................................... 6
Polycom, Inc. 4750 Willow Road, Pleasanton, CA 94588. 1.800.POLYCOM www.polycom.com Page 2 of 6
3. High-Definition: The Evolution of Video Conferencing
HIGH-DEFINITION: THE EVOLUTION OF VIDEO CONFERENCING
WHAT IS HIGH-DEFINITION VIDEO?
We are all familiar with standard-definition (SD) analog television. It is the television (TV) we have known
and watched for decades. NTSC TV (used in North America and a few other parts of the world) displays
pictures consisting of 525 lines of resolution at 30 frames per second. PAL TV (used in the rest of the
world) displays 625 lines of resolution at 24 frames per second. Still pictures are first drawn on all the
odd numbered resolution lines; after that, the same picture information is drawn from the even numbered
lines. Given there are two frames painted on the monitor, this is referred to as 50/60 fields per second.
This odd/even drawing pattern is called interlacing, which was developed to conserve transmission
bandwidth (the data rate capacity of a given network connection). This resolution is referred to as 480i,
and it provides 240 unique lines of picture information. The bandwidth required for SD at home is 45-90
Mbps.
For small video monitors (less than 27 inches), standard-definition television looks reasonably sharp and
smooth. However, as screens increase beyond 27 inches, it is easy to see degradation in picture quality
with the 480i format. Jagged lines, blurry outlines, washed-out colors, visual noise, and choppy
movements may be noticed.
The progressive scan format is an alternative to interlacing that improves picture quality on larger
screens. Progressive scanning combines 480 unique lines of picture information into one picture frame
and corrects picture quality automatically. Progressive scanning reduces jagged pictures and smoothes
movement on larger monitors. For standard-definition television, this resolution is known as 480p.
True high-definition video displays picture resolutions of 1080i or 720p. Resolutions other than these are
not truly high-definition.
Of the many formats available, the following six are considered true high-definition formats.
Format Frames per second Aspect Ratio
720p 24 16:9
720p 30 16:9
720p 60 16:9
1080i 30 16:9
1080p 24 16:9
1080p 30 16:9
Polycom, Inc. 4750 Willow Road, Pleasanton, CA 94588. 1.800.POLYCOM www.polycom.com Page 3 of 6
4. High-Definition: The Evolution of Video Conferencing
The high-definition formats provide more visual information than any standard-definition format. If the
screen resolutions are converted to pixels, it is easy to see that the high-definition formats can provide at
a minimum up to four times more visual information than the 480i format. The following table gives the
screen resolution in pixels for the common formats and aspect ratios.
Format Pixels (16:9 ratio) Pixels (4:3 ratio)
1080p 2,073,600 (1920 X 1080) 1,576,800 (1460 X 1080)
1080i 1,036,800 (1920 X 540) 788,400 (1460 X 540)
720p 921,600 (1280 X 720) 691,200 (960 X 720)
480p 412,800 (860 X 480) 307,200 (640 X 480)
480i 206,400 (860 X 240) 153,600 (640 X 240)
To understand this visually, think of the television screen as a computer monitor. Imagine what would
happen to the quality of a 640 X 240 (480i equivalent) low-resolution digital picture if stretched across a
42-inch screen. The image would be distorted due to not enough picture information being available to
provide a high quality view of the low-resolution picture. The increased pixel count inherent in the high-
definition formats provides better picture quality and makes viewing images on larger screens clearer and
easier to watch. In video conferencing, this enhances the overall viewing experience and eliminates
meeting fatigue. Colors are also more vibrant and realistic, and movements are sharp and smooth.
WHAT ARE THE STANDARDS FOR HIGH-DEFINITION VIDEO CONFERENCING?
Before high-definition encoding/decoding, video conferencing data was encoded based on the Common
Interchange Format (CIF). Video standards, known as H.261 and H.263, were developed by the
International Telecommunications Union – Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T). With the
H.261 standard, only the QCIF and CIF formats were defined. The Quarter CIF (QCIF) format was
applied for conferences at only the lowest data rates (64 Kbps and below) and is rarely used today. Once
the H.263 standard was released, more formats (4CIF and 16CIF) were introduced with “full resolution”
being defined as 16CIF. Due to the computational and bandwidth limits at the time these standards were
adopted, the common resolution used for full motion video conferencing continued to be CIF to 4CIF.
The following table shows corresponding format resolutions for the H.261 and H.263 standards for NTSC
(North American) and PAL (European) video signals. The resolutions listed below represent 4:3 aspect
ratios.
Format Frames Per Second Resolution - NTSC Resolution - PAL
QCIF 30 176 X 120 176 X 144
CIF 30 352 X 240 352 X 288
4CIF 30 708 X 480 708 X 576
16CIF 30 1408 X 960 1408 X 1152
The ITU-T has recently adopted new standards for video compression, the process through which a
complete video file is reduced in size so it can be transmitted more economically over a smaller network
connection (lower data rate / bandwidth). For high-definition video conferencing, the ITU-T now
recommends the H.264 video standard which provides superior quality at relatively low data transfer
rates. H.264 is now a mandatory standard for HD-DVD (high-definition DVD), as well as for broadcast,
cable, video conferencing, and consumer electronics products. The following table shows the SD and HD
resolutions introduced in the H.264 standard.
Polycom, Inc. 4750 Willow Road, Pleasanton, CA 94588. 1.800.POLYCOM www.polycom.com Page 4 of 6
5. High-Definition: The Evolution of Video Conferencing
Format Frames per second Resolution (16:9) SD/HD
1080p 24,30 1920 X 1080 HD
720p 24,30,60 1280 X 720 HD
480p 24,30,60 860 X 480 SD
The H.264 profile is an ideal fit for video conferencing. Although it requires more processing power than
the previous H.26x algorithms, most video conferencing systems produced in 2004 and beyond include
H.264. It provides good video transfer and low-latency encoding and decoding that result in smoother,
more natural video flow. In fact, H.264 is twice as efficient as H.263, resulting in twice the video quality at
any given line rate. In addition, some enhanced H.264 profiles include error concealment algorithms for
interactive video that adjust video handling automatically to operate smoothly and provide a higher quality
experience even within an overtaxed, unstable or error-prone network.
The H.264 encoding standard provides greater flexibility and a common ground for interoperability across
manufacturers. Unlike the H.263 standard which allowed a wide range of possible variations, the H.264
standard encompasses far fewer compression techniques. This should make integration of video
conferencing equipment from multiple vendors more realistic without a significant loss in video quality.
HOW DOES HD VIDEO CONFERENCING COMPARE TO HD TELEVISION?
High-definition television is a one-way broadcast. Television networks transmit (broadcast) video in one
direction. High-definition video conferencing is a two-way, interactive process that transmits audio and
video data in real-time, back and forth across a network. To achieve high-definition video conferencing, all
endpoints in the conference must be high-definition enabled.
High-definition television broadcasts achieve consistent signal quality, whereas video conferencing quality
can be compromised due to the large amounts of data transmitted over the network. Processing delays,
known as latency, can occur due to the encoding/decoding process and the time it takes to transmit large
blocks of data over the network. Excessive latency increases the chances of people talking over each
other and increases the likelihood that video may not stay in synch with the audio. While higher latency is
typically most noticeable from an audio perspective, poor audio can severely reduce the overall quality of
the entire video conferencing experience.
WHAT ARE THE REQUIREMENTS FOR HIGH-DEFINITION VIDEO CONFERENCING?
High-definition video conferencing requires that all endpoints be HD-compatible in order for any of the
video conference participants to take advantage of the high-definition video experience. In addition to
having endpoints with high-definition data compression, an important consideration in achieving top-
quality video conferencing is network bandwidth. A data transfer rate of 1 Mbps is the minimum
requirement for high-definition interactive video conferencing. For optimal results, data transfer rates at or
above 2 Mbps are recommended to allow incremental bandwidth for premium audio and additional
content sharing devices such as PC input, DVD’s or high-resolution document cameras. Quality of
Service (QoS) for the network is a must to ensure consistent performance for the duration of video
conferencing calls.
To capture high-resolution images, a camera that supports true high-definition (minimum 720p) in the
16:9 format is required. Ideally, the camera should come from the same manufacturer as the video
conferencing endpoint. This will ensure that the camera and endpoint have been optimized for providing
the best end-to-end high-definition video conferencing experience.
High-definition video monitors (LCD, Plasma, or DLP) must also support a minimum of 720p horizontal
lines of resolution. Additionally, the monitors should offer connectors that enable optimal high-definition
Polycom, Inc. 4750 Willow Road, Pleasanton, CA 94588. 1.800.POLYCOM www.polycom.com Page 5 of 6