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Cybersecurity Interview Questions Part -2.pdf
The document covers top cyber security interview questions, including topics such as hashing vs. salting, SSL vs. HTTPS, and brute force attacks. It also explains key concepts like risk, vulnerability, white hat vs. black hat hackers, phishing, cognitive cybersecurity, and compliance. Additionally, it highlights methods for risk assessment, system hardening, patch management, and SQL injection prevention.
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Cybersecurity Interview Questions Part -2.pdf
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- 3. www.infosectrain.com | sales@infosectrain.com03 1 Differentiate between Hashing & Salting? Interview Questions Hashing is a one-way technique; data is confined to a fixed-length value and is mainly used for authentication. Hashing Hashing requires an additional step called salting, which gives passwords that modify the generated hash value more excellent value. Salting
- 4. www.infosectrain.com | sales@infosectrain.com04 2 SSL vs. HTTPS: which one is more secure? Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure is what HTTPS stands for, and it is the fundamental Internet protocol used by websites on browsers. The secure variant of the HTTP protocol is HTTPS, and all data transferred using the protocol is entirely safe because it is encrypted. Secure socket layers are referred to as SSL. The encryption of the Internet security protocol is done by SSL, which is essentially a component of the HTTPS protocol. Data integrity, confidentiality, and availability to only authorized users are its responsibilities. 3 What is a Brute Force Attack? It is a hacking method that makes use of trial and error to break encryption keys, passwords, and login credentials. It is a straightforward but effective strategy for unauthorized access to user accounts, company systems, and networks. Until they discover the correct login information, the hacker tries a variety of usernames and passwords, frequently utilizing a computer to test a wide range of combinations. “Brute Force” refers to attacks that utilize excessive force to obtain user accounts. Despite being a tried-and-true type of hacking, brute force attacks continue to be a favorite among hackers.
- 5. 4 What doyou mean by risk, vulnerability, and threat in a network? Antivirus software detects, stops and removes viruses from a computer. After installation, most antivirus programs run in the background to provide real-time protection against Cyberattacks. www.infosectrain.com | sales@infosectrain.com 05 An organization’s risk profile changes as a result of internal and external environmental factors. It takes into account the possibility or potential of a harmful occurrence and the possible effects that event might have on your infrastructure. Risk Your surroundings and your assets have weak points, or vulnerabilities, making you more vulnerable to threats and higher risk. And unfortunately, a company may have thousands, sometimes even millions, of openness, and it is impossible to fix them all. Vulnerabilities
- 6. www.infosectrain.com | sales@infosectrain.com06 5 What do “white hat,” “black hat,” and “grey hat” hackers mean? Antivirus software detects, stops and removes viruses from a computer. After installation, most antivirus programs run in the background to provide real-time protection against Cyberattacks. The Cybersecurity landscape is disrupted by an endless stream of potential threats, ranging from Ransomware that locks up your systems and malware that inserts deadly executables into your software. All of these dangers search for a way in and a weakness in your environment that they may take advantage of. Threats assist authorities, businesses, security agencies, and individual users. They are typically employed by a company that requires them to monitor potential exposure locations. White hat hackers
- 7. 6 What isCognitive Cybersecurity? The concept of cognitive Cybersecurity is to use artificial intelligence to enhance digital security systems. AI in security is anticipated to significantly improve comprehensive security in systems currently exposed to various risks from hackers and other malicious attackers. are dishonest people who employ hacking techniques to get consumer data, business trade secrets, government secrets, and any other information they may use for harm. www.infosectrain.com | sales@infosectrain.com 07 Black hat hackers are unaware that security and hacking are rarely black-and-white issues. Grey hat hackers embrace a more complex world by combining “good” and “evil.” For just this reason, some people use them. Grey hat hackers
- 8. 7 What isa phishing attack and how can it be prevented? The fraudulent use of electronic communications to trick and exploit users is known as phishing. Phishing attacks aim to obtain private information such as usernames, passwords, credit card numbers, login credentials for networks, and more. Cyber attackers employ social engineering to trick victims into taking specified actions, including clicking on a harmful link or attachment or willingly disclosing sensitive information by assuming the identity of a trustworthy person or organization over the phone or via email. www.infosectrain.com | sales@infosectrain.com 08 Know what a phishing scam looks like. Don’t click on that link. Get free anti-phishing add-ons. Don’t provide your information to an untrusted website. Change passwords regularly Prevention tips:
- 9. www.infosectrain.com | sales@infosectrain.com09 8 How will you stay current on the latest Cybersecurity news? Follow security professionals’ blogs and news sites. 9 How do you define compliance in terms of Cybersecurity? Cybersecurity compliance is an organizational risk management strategy that complies with pre- established security controls and safeguards about the administrational procedures used to maintain data confidentiality. Determining and accomplishing IT goals as well as reducing threats through methods like vulnerability management, are all made easier with its assistance. Search social media for subjects relating to security. Examine advisory websites, and vulnerability alert feeds. Observe live Cybersecurity events
- 10. 10 What doesa Cybersecurity risk assessment require? Assessing the risks associated with assets that Cyberattacks might impact is known as Cybersecurity risk assessment. You have to recognize internal and external threats, determine how they might affect issues like data availability, confidentiality, and integrity, and calculate the costs associated with experiencing a Cybersecurity catastrophe. Using the information supplied, you can adjust your Cybersecurity and data protection controls to fit the actual level of risk tolerance for your organization. 11 What is BIOS? BIOS is a ROM chip found on all motherboards that allows you to access and configure your computer system at the most basic level. Phoenix is an excellent example of a BIOS manufacturer. 12 What is RDP or Remote Desktop Protocol? The Microsoft RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol) protocol was created to secure and encrypt application data transfers between client devices, users, and a virtual network server. www.infosectrain.com | sales@infosectrain.com 10
- 11. www.infosectrain.com | sales@infosectrain.com11 14 Differentiate between the Red team and the Blue team? An attacker who takes advantage of security gaps in a company is known as a” red team.” A defense that spots vulnerabilities and fixes them to prevent successful intrusions is known as the “blue team.” Red teams are offensive security specialists specializing in defending defenses and attacking systems. Defensive security experts on blue teams keep internal network 13 What are the many indicators of compromise (IOC) that organizations need to keep an eye on? Unusual Outbound Network Traffic HTML Response Sizes Geographical Irregularities Increases in Database Read Volume Log-In Red Flags Unexpected Patching of Systems
- 12. www.infosectrain.com | sales@infosectrain.com12 defenses up to date against all Cyberattacks and threats. To evaluate the efficacy of the network’s security, red teams simulate attacks against blue teams. These red and blue team exercises offer a comprehensive security approach that ensures substantial barriers while keeping an eye on changing threats. 15 Describe MITM attacks and how to avoid them? Use VPN Utilize powerful WEP/WPA encryption. Detect intrusions using IDS Require HTTPS Based on Public Key Pair Authentication The following procedures can help you avoid MITM attacks: Man-in-the-Middle” (MITM) attack occurs when a hacker inserts himself into the middle of a conversation between two people to acquire their data.
- 13. www.infosectrain.com | sales@infosectrain.com13 16 What is an ARP? The Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a communication protocol used to identify the link-layer address, like a MAC address, connected to a particular internet layer address, which is commonly an IPv4 address. An essential part of the Internet protocol suite is this mapping. RFC 826, which defines Internet Standard STD 37, defined ARP in 1982. Numerous network and data link layer technologies, including IPv4, Chaosnet, DECnet, and Xerox PARC Universal Packet, have been used to implement ARP. 17 Describe System hardening? System hardening generally refers to a collection of tools and approaches for managing vulnerabilities in an organization’s systems, applications, firmware, and other areas. System hardening reduces security risks by limiting potential attacks and shrinking the system’s attack surface. Database hardening Operating system hardening The following are the various types of system hardening:
- 14. www.infosectrain.com | sales@infosectrain.com14 18 Why is accessing free WiFi dangerous? Hackers are drawn to free WiFi hotspots for the same reasons that customers are; primarily, the lack of authentication needed to establish a network connection. As a result, the hacker has a fantastic opportunity to gain unrestricted access to unprotected devices connected to the same network. The capacity of the hacker to place himself between you and the connection point poses the biggest threat to the security of free WiFi. You communicate with the hacker, who would then pass the information to the hotspot rather than the hotspot directly. Application hardening Server hardening Network hardening
- 15. www.infosectrain.com | sales@infosectrain.com15 19 What is HIDS? Host-based intrusion detection system (HIDS) is a device that keeps track of activities on a computer system on which it has been placed to spot intrusions and misuse. Then it logs the actions and alerts the appropriate authorities. A HIDS can be compared to an agent that checks to see if anything or anyone, internal or external, has violated the system’s security policy. 20What is NIDS? An organization can monitor its cloud, on-premise, and hybrid systems for suspicious occurrences that can point to a compromise with the aid of a network-based intrusion detection system. This includes communications with unknown sources and destinations, port scanning, and policy infractions. 21 What is the difference between information protection and information assurance? Information assurance, or IA, ensures and controls the risks associated with sensitive data while it is being sent, processed, and stored. Data protection in the system’s integrity, availability, authenticity, non-repudiation, and confidentiality is the primary goal of information
- 16. www.infosectrain.com | sales@infosectrain.com16 22 How frequently should patch management be done? When a patch is released, it should be managed. When a patch for Windows is released, it should be installed on all devices no later than one month later. The same would be valid for network devices; patch them as soon as they are available. Patch management procedures should be followed. assurance. It includes physical approaches in addition to digital measures for data protection. On the other hand, information security is a practice that involves reducing information risks to secure information. Typically, it reduces the risk of data theft or other unlawful uses, as well as the destruction, discovery, modification, inspection, or recording of sensitive data. It entails taking steps to avoid such occurrences. Information security’s primary goal is to secure data while retaining its confidentiality, integrity, and availability against Cyberattacks and hackers.
- 17. www.infosectrain.com | sales@infosectrain.com17 23 What is SQL Injection, and how to prevent it? An injection attack known as SQL Injection (SQLi) enables the execution of malicious SQL commands. These commands manage a database server in front of a web application. SQL Injection vulnerabilities allow attackers to get around application security safeguards. The entire content of a SQL database can be retrieved by getting past authentication and authorization of a web page or online application. They can also add, alter, and delete records in the database using SQL Injection. Use prepared statements Use Stored Procedures Validate user input You can prevent SQL Injection attacks by using the following practices: