The document discusses the use of splines in SolidWorks product design. It explains that splines are useful for modeling shapes that cannot be defined by simple lines or arcs. Splines allow for smoother edges compared to a series of arcs. The document outlines the different types of splines available in SolidWorks, including 2D sketch splines, 3D sketch splines, and splines on surfaces. It demonstrates how to create and manipulate splines, applying tangency and curvature constraints. Using splines in conjunction with surfaces is also described.
AutoCAD is a software used to create 2D and 3D drawings for mechanical, civil, electrical, and architectural engineering. It offers drawing, annotation, and modeling tools. The document outlines 4 levels of AutoCAD skills - basics include tools for drawing lines and shapes; intermediate includes layers, groups, and blocks; advanced includes 3D modeling and rendering capabilities.
This presentation provides an overview of AutoCAD software. It introduces AutoCAD as 2D and 3D computer-aided design software developed by Autodesk. The presentation outlines AutoCAD's history and versions. It describes the AutoCAD interface and coordinate system. It also summarizes several common 2D commands in AutoCAD and careers that involve using AutoCAD software.
This document provides an overview of basic commands and functions in AutoCAD including tools for drawing, modifying objects, and zooming. It discusses commands for drawing layers, using object snaps for accurate placement, and modifying objects using commands like copy, mirror, offset, and array. The document also explains modifying commands for editing objects such as erase, move, rotate, scale, trim, extend, break, chamfer, and fillet. Finally, it discusses zoom tools for navigating drawings.
The document describes modeling a pair of vise grips in NX 8.5 software. Each component was modeled separately based on measurements then assembled. Finite element analysis was conducted by applying a 10lb load to test for displacements and stresses. NX proved successful for modeling but had some limitations for movable assemblies. The summary provides a high-level overview of the key details and goals described in the document.
DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.24714.21447
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337063134_BLENDER_TUTORIAL_CREATING_SWEEP_SIMILAR_LIKE_SOLIDWORKS_3D_CAD_SYSTEM
Geometry / Bevel Object The Bevel Object controls the cross section of the extruded curve. The Bevel Object can only be another curve both 2D or 3D, and opened or closed. Editing the handles and control points of the Bevel Object will cause the original Object to change shape. https://docs.blender.org/manual/en/2.79/modeling/curves/properties/geometry.html
The document describes the modeling and finite element analysis of needle nose pliers using NX 8.5 software. Individual parts of the pliers including the jaws, handles, link, grip and screw were modeled separately using sketches and extrusion/sweep tools. The parts were then assembled using fit, touch align and other constraints. A finite element mesh was generated and boundary conditions were applied to simulate a 10 pound load on the handles. The results, including displacements, stresses and strains, were displayed to evaluate the pliers design.
Drawing is the art of representing ideas through systematic lines on paper. There are two main types of drawings: artistic drawings which represent objects through an artist's imagination, and engineering drawings which represent engineering objects like buildings and machines. Engineering drawings can be created through freehand drawing, instrumental drawing using tools, or computer-aided drawing (CAD) using software like AutoCAD. AutoCAD is a commercial CAD software application first released in 1982 that is used to create, modify, and analyze 2D and 3D models.
This document provides a training manual for using sketches in Unigraphics NX 1.0. It begins with an overview of sketching in Unigraphics NX and the general procedure for using sketches. It then covers the basics of creating a sketch, including naming the sketch, creating sketch geometry like lines and arcs, and adding constraints. It demonstrates how to extrude a sketch into a solid feature and edit the sketch to update the solid.
AutoCAD is a software used to create 2D and 3D drawings for mechanical, civil, electrical, and architectural engineering. It offers drawing, annotation, and modeling tools. The document outlines 4 levels of AutoCAD skills - basics include tools for drawing lines and shapes; intermediate includes layers, groups, and blocks; advanced includes 3D modeling and rendering capabilities.
This presentation provides an overview of AutoCAD software. It introduces AutoCAD as 2D and 3D computer-aided design software developed by Autodesk. The presentation outlines AutoCAD's history and versions. It describes the AutoCAD interface and coordinate system. It also summarizes several common 2D commands in AutoCAD and careers that involve using AutoCAD software.
This document provides an overview of basic commands and functions in AutoCAD including tools for drawing, modifying objects, and zooming. It discusses commands for drawing layers, using object snaps for accurate placement, and modifying objects using commands like copy, mirror, offset, and array. The document also explains modifying commands for editing objects such as erase, move, rotate, scale, trim, extend, break, chamfer, and fillet. Finally, it discusses zoom tools for navigating drawings.
The document describes modeling a pair of vise grips in NX 8.5 software. Each component was modeled separately based on measurements then assembled. Finite element analysis was conducted by applying a 10lb load to test for displacements and stresses. NX proved successful for modeling but had some limitations for movable assemblies. The summary provides a high-level overview of the key details and goals described in the document.
DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.24714.21447
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337063134_BLENDER_TUTORIAL_CREATING_SWEEP_SIMILAR_LIKE_SOLIDWORKS_3D_CAD_SYSTEM
Geometry / Bevel Object The Bevel Object controls the cross section of the extruded curve. The Bevel Object can only be another curve both 2D or 3D, and opened or closed. Editing the handles and control points of the Bevel Object will cause the original Object to change shape. https://docs.blender.org/manual/en/2.79/modeling/curves/properties/geometry.html
The document describes the modeling and finite element analysis of needle nose pliers using NX 8.5 software. Individual parts of the pliers including the jaws, handles, link, grip and screw were modeled separately using sketches and extrusion/sweep tools. The parts were then assembled using fit, touch align and other constraints. A finite element mesh was generated and boundary conditions were applied to simulate a 10 pound load on the handles. The results, including displacements, stresses and strains, were displayed to evaluate the pliers design.
Drawing is the art of representing ideas through systematic lines on paper. There are two main types of drawings: artistic drawings which represent objects through an artist's imagination, and engineering drawings which represent engineering objects like buildings and machines. Engineering drawings can be created through freehand drawing, instrumental drawing using tools, or computer-aided drawing (CAD) using software like AutoCAD. AutoCAD is a commercial CAD software application first released in 1982 that is used to create, modify, and analyze 2D and 3D models.
This document provides a training manual for using sketches in Unigraphics NX 1.0. It begins with an overview of sketching in Unigraphics NX and the general procedure for using sketches. It then covers the basics of creating a sketch, including naming the sketch, creating sketch geometry like lines and arcs, and adding constraints. It demonstrates how to extrude a sketch into a solid feature and edit the sketch to update the solid.
This document contains 31 questions and answers related to CATIA V5. Some of the key topics covered include:
- The file extension for CATIA sketcher files is .catpart
- Construction elements assist in sketching profiles in the sketcher workbench
- Three dimensions (major axis, minor axis, distance from origin) are required to constrain an ellipse
- The color codes for ISO-constrained, under-constrained, and over-constrained elements are green, white, and magenta respectively
This document describes how to create a moveable set of mounting holes for a component in a 3D modeling program. It involves:
1) Creating a sketch on the mounting surface with construction lines forming a geometric figure like a trapezoid for hole placement.
2) Applying dimensions to locate the hole pattern relative to edges.
3) Extruding the holes from the sketch.
4) Mating the component to the bracket using the holes.
5) Adjusting the sketch dimensions allows easily moving and rotating the component on the bracket.
The document provides information about AutoCAD software. It discusses that AutoCAD is 2D and 3D modeling software developed by Autodesk for computer-aided design. Key details include that AutoCAD was first launched in 1982 and allows for drafting and annotations. The document also provides various commands and shortcuts used in AutoCAD.
This document provides information on various commands in AutoCAD, including how to fix the X and Y axes, use splines to create smooth curves, manage layers and properties, create geometric shapes like circles and polygons, trim and offset lines, use arrays to duplicate objects, and undo previous commands. Key commands covered are UCSICON, SPLINE, LAYER, DONUT, FILLET, XL, RAY, ELLIPSE, RECTANGLE, CIRCLE, POLYGON, TRIM, OFFSET, ARRAY, OOPS, POLYLINE, SKETCH, MLINE, EXTEND, EXPLODE, OSNAP, COPY, STRETCH, and UNDO.
This document discusses using value in contour drawings to add focal points. It explains that adding detailed shading and contour lines with attention to line weight can create a full composition while also focusing the viewer's attention on an important area. Examples are provided of drawings that use value in a small area, like a face or arm, to draw the eye while still providing background information through contour lines. Students will be asked to draw a still life using contour lines for composition and details, and then select a small area to add value and emphasis through shading rather than just contours.
This document contains 31 questions and answers related to CATIA V5. Some of the key topics covered include:
- The file extension for CATIA sketcher files is .catpart
- Construction elements assist in sketching profiles in the sketcher workbench
- Three dimensions (major axis, minor axis, distance from origin) are required to constrain an ellipse
- The color codes for ISO-constrained, under-constrained, and over-constrained elements are green, white, and magenta respectively
This document outlines a six-week industrial training report on AutoCAD. It discusses the history and latest version of AutoCAD, the AutoCAD interface and coordinate system, and lists common 2D and 3D commands. Benefits of AutoCAD include the ability to quickly create accurate designs and easily modify or transfer them, saving time over hand drafting. An example design of a vehicle side view is also mentioned.
AutoCAD is a 2D and 3D CAD software application developed and sold by Autodesk. It was initially released in 1982 and is used for mechanical, civil, architectural, and other design projects. AutoCAD provides tools for drafting and design work including lines, circles, arcs, polygons, splines, regions, and more. It is widely used in industries like architecture, engineering, and construction.
This document provides an overview of CATIA software and its modules. It discusses the sketcher, part design, wireframe and surface design modules. For each module, it describes the key tools and functions. For sketcher, it outlines the profile, constraint, and other toolbars. For part design, it discusses the sketch-based features, dress-up features, and transformation features toolbars. It then provides details on creating wireframe elements and surfaces in the wireframe and surface design module.
This document provides an overview and introduction to AutoCAD. It outlines the benefits of AutoCAD, including its ability to create accurate 2D and 3D designs. The document discusses AutoCAD's history and development by Autodesk. It also covers the different versions of AutoCAD released since 1982. The AutoCAD interface and common commands are described. The document concludes with an overview of the course, which will cover topics like dimensions, circles, page setup, plotting, and 3D modeling in AutoCAD.
This chapter introduces basic solid modeling concepts in ANSYS such as extruding, revolving, and sweeping a 2D cross-section to create a 3D solid using DesignModeler. Three tutorials are provided to demonstrate extruding an L-shaped cross-section to create an extruded solid, revolving the same L-shape to create a solid of revolution, and sweeping a circular cross-section along a semi-circular path to create a swept solid. The chapter also outlines additional sketching and modeling tools available in DesignModeler.
In these days 3D modeling reaches its mainstream popularity. It is wildly used in both gaming and movie environment as well as in science and engineering sectors.
The document discusses the basic drawing objects in AutoCAD including lines, circles, rectangles, arcs, splines, polygons, regions, and ellipses. It provides details on how to use the line, circle, and rectangle drawing tools, describing the different methods to select points and specify dimensions to create each object type. Lines are the simplest object and can be used as construction lines to build other parts of the drawing.
Every engineer communicates with a common language called "Engineering Drawings". The technique of producing engineering drawings is DRAFTING. AutoCAD is used as a defacto standard for Drafting worldwide.
The course explores the latest tools and techniques of the software package covering all draw commands and options, editing, dimensioning, hatching, and plotting techniques available with AutoCAD Training. The textbook, helps in advancing the frontiers of the software, takes the user across a wide spectrum of engineering solutions through progressive examples, comprehensive illustrations, and detailed exercises, thereby making it an ideal solution for both the novice and the advanced user.
This document provides an introduction to AutoCAD software. It discusses that AutoCAD is 2D and 3D modeling software developed by Autodesk. The latest version of AutoCAD is 2018. It describes the AutoCAD screen and interface, how the software works using a coordinate system, and some common 2D commands like lines, arcs, and circles. It also discusses isometric views, hatching, and benefits of using AutoCAD like creating designs quickly and accurately.
SolidWorks is a 3D CAD and CAE program used for design and engineering. It was created in 1993 by Jon Hirschtick who used winnings from card counting at casinos to fund the development by a team of engineers. The goal was to make 3D CAD technology more accessible and affordable. SolidWorks is now owned by Dassault Systèmes and new versions are released annually with additional features and capabilities. Some key things that can be done in SolidWorks include 3D modeling and CAD, simulation, visualization, product data management, and electrical design. The interface contains menus, toolbars, and commands to create sketches and features and assemble parts.
DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.28908.51841
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337062937_BLENDER_TUTORIAL_SWEEP_ROUND_SHAPES
- Blender is the free and open source 3D creation suite. It supports the entirety of the 3D pipeline—modeling, rigging, animation, simulation, rendering, compositing and motion tracking, even video editing and game creation. https://www.blender.org/. - Blender software. 2.79b Version. About, License & Development. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328677236_Blender_software_279b_Version_About_License_Development - Modern accessible application of the system Blender in 3D design practice. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/312033613_Modern_accessible_application_of_the_system_Blender_in_3D_design_practice
KPC/ME 6th Semester/ How to approach a Autocad 2D drawing/Ms.Smriti BhakatKingstonPolytechnic
A knuckle joint is a mechanical joint that connects two rods under tension and allows for a small amount of flexibility. It consists of a single eye, double eye or fork, and a knuckle pin that connects the eyes. Knuckle joints are commonly used in applications like roof trusses, bridges, roller chains, jib cranes, and tractors where a tensile load is present and a small degree of angular movement is required.
An exploded view drawing shows how objects are assembled by depicting the individual parts as if they have been separated but in their correct positions relative to one another. The document provides examples of exploded view drawings of a desk and trinket box that make clear the assembly process by illustrating each component and where it fits in relation to the others. Creating an exploded view involves redrawing the components of an object as if they have been blown apart while maintaining the accurate alignment of each part.
Sketchup basic course by Eng. Khalid A. Mterkhalid mter
This document provides an overview and learning objectives for a course on building 3D models in Google SketchUp. It will teach students how to use SketchUp's tools to create and modify 2D and 3D geometry, including the line, circle, rectangle, arc, and polygon tools. It will also cover more advanced tools like push/pull to add volume, follow me to create paths, and array/rotate tools to duplicate objects. The document includes step-by-step examples of creating a simple doghouse model and modifying geometry. Upon completing the course, students will be able to proficiently use SketchUp's modeling tools.
a spline is a flexible strip used to produce a smooth curve through a designated set of points.
Polynomial sections are fitted so that the curve passes through each control point, Resulting curve is said to interpolate the set of control points.
This document discusses different types of geometric modeling methods including wireframe, surface, and solid modeling. Wireframe modeling uses points and lines to define objects but does not represent actual surfaces or volumes. Surface modeling defines the outer surfaces of an object. Solid modeling precisely defines the enclosed volume of an object using its faces, edges, and vertices. Constructive solid geometry and boundary representation are two common solid modeling techniques. CSG uses Boolean operations to combine primitive shapes, while boundary representation precisely defines the boundaries and topology of a model.
This document contains 31 questions and answers related to CATIA V5. Some of the key topics covered include:
- The file extension for CATIA sketcher files is .catpart
- Construction elements assist in sketching profiles in the sketcher workbench
- Three dimensions (major axis, minor axis, distance from origin) are required to constrain an ellipse
- The color codes for ISO-constrained, under-constrained, and over-constrained elements are green, white, and magenta respectively
This document describes how to create a moveable set of mounting holes for a component in a 3D modeling program. It involves:
1) Creating a sketch on the mounting surface with construction lines forming a geometric figure like a trapezoid for hole placement.
2) Applying dimensions to locate the hole pattern relative to edges.
3) Extruding the holes from the sketch.
4) Mating the component to the bracket using the holes.
5) Adjusting the sketch dimensions allows easily moving and rotating the component on the bracket.
The document provides information about AutoCAD software. It discusses that AutoCAD is 2D and 3D modeling software developed by Autodesk for computer-aided design. Key details include that AutoCAD was first launched in 1982 and allows for drafting and annotations. The document also provides various commands and shortcuts used in AutoCAD.
This document provides information on various commands in AutoCAD, including how to fix the X and Y axes, use splines to create smooth curves, manage layers and properties, create geometric shapes like circles and polygons, trim and offset lines, use arrays to duplicate objects, and undo previous commands. Key commands covered are UCSICON, SPLINE, LAYER, DONUT, FILLET, XL, RAY, ELLIPSE, RECTANGLE, CIRCLE, POLYGON, TRIM, OFFSET, ARRAY, OOPS, POLYLINE, SKETCH, MLINE, EXTEND, EXPLODE, OSNAP, COPY, STRETCH, and UNDO.
This document discusses using value in contour drawings to add focal points. It explains that adding detailed shading and contour lines with attention to line weight can create a full composition while also focusing the viewer's attention on an important area. Examples are provided of drawings that use value in a small area, like a face or arm, to draw the eye while still providing background information through contour lines. Students will be asked to draw a still life using contour lines for composition and details, and then select a small area to add value and emphasis through shading rather than just contours.
This document contains 31 questions and answers related to CATIA V5. Some of the key topics covered include:
- The file extension for CATIA sketcher files is .catpart
- Construction elements assist in sketching profiles in the sketcher workbench
- Three dimensions (major axis, minor axis, distance from origin) are required to constrain an ellipse
- The color codes for ISO-constrained, under-constrained, and over-constrained elements are green, white, and magenta respectively
This document outlines a six-week industrial training report on AutoCAD. It discusses the history and latest version of AutoCAD, the AutoCAD interface and coordinate system, and lists common 2D and 3D commands. Benefits of AutoCAD include the ability to quickly create accurate designs and easily modify or transfer them, saving time over hand drafting. An example design of a vehicle side view is also mentioned.
AutoCAD is a 2D and 3D CAD software application developed and sold by Autodesk. It was initially released in 1982 and is used for mechanical, civil, architectural, and other design projects. AutoCAD provides tools for drafting and design work including lines, circles, arcs, polygons, splines, regions, and more. It is widely used in industries like architecture, engineering, and construction.
This document provides an overview of CATIA software and its modules. It discusses the sketcher, part design, wireframe and surface design modules. For each module, it describes the key tools and functions. For sketcher, it outlines the profile, constraint, and other toolbars. For part design, it discusses the sketch-based features, dress-up features, and transformation features toolbars. It then provides details on creating wireframe elements and surfaces in the wireframe and surface design module.
This document provides an overview and introduction to AutoCAD. It outlines the benefits of AutoCAD, including its ability to create accurate 2D and 3D designs. The document discusses AutoCAD's history and development by Autodesk. It also covers the different versions of AutoCAD released since 1982. The AutoCAD interface and common commands are described. The document concludes with an overview of the course, which will cover topics like dimensions, circles, page setup, plotting, and 3D modeling in AutoCAD.
This chapter introduces basic solid modeling concepts in ANSYS such as extruding, revolving, and sweeping a 2D cross-section to create a 3D solid using DesignModeler. Three tutorials are provided to demonstrate extruding an L-shaped cross-section to create an extruded solid, revolving the same L-shape to create a solid of revolution, and sweeping a circular cross-section along a semi-circular path to create a swept solid. The chapter also outlines additional sketching and modeling tools available in DesignModeler.
In these days 3D modeling reaches its mainstream popularity. It is wildly used in both gaming and movie environment as well as in science and engineering sectors.
The document discusses the basic drawing objects in AutoCAD including lines, circles, rectangles, arcs, splines, polygons, regions, and ellipses. It provides details on how to use the line, circle, and rectangle drawing tools, describing the different methods to select points and specify dimensions to create each object type. Lines are the simplest object and can be used as construction lines to build other parts of the drawing.
Every engineer communicates with a common language called "Engineering Drawings". The technique of producing engineering drawings is DRAFTING. AutoCAD is used as a defacto standard for Drafting worldwide.
The course explores the latest tools and techniques of the software package covering all draw commands and options, editing, dimensioning, hatching, and plotting techniques available with AutoCAD Training. The textbook, helps in advancing the frontiers of the software, takes the user across a wide spectrum of engineering solutions through progressive examples, comprehensive illustrations, and detailed exercises, thereby making it an ideal solution for both the novice and the advanced user.
This document provides an introduction to AutoCAD software. It discusses that AutoCAD is 2D and 3D modeling software developed by Autodesk. The latest version of AutoCAD is 2018. It describes the AutoCAD screen and interface, how the software works using a coordinate system, and some common 2D commands like lines, arcs, and circles. It also discusses isometric views, hatching, and benefits of using AutoCAD like creating designs quickly and accurately.
SolidWorks is a 3D CAD and CAE program used for design and engineering. It was created in 1993 by Jon Hirschtick who used winnings from card counting at casinos to fund the development by a team of engineers. The goal was to make 3D CAD technology more accessible and affordable. SolidWorks is now owned by Dassault Systèmes and new versions are released annually with additional features and capabilities. Some key things that can be done in SolidWorks include 3D modeling and CAD, simulation, visualization, product data management, and electrical design. The interface contains menus, toolbars, and commands to create sketches and features and assemble parts.
DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.28908.51841
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337062937_BLENDER_TUTORIAL_SWEEP_ROUND_SHAPES
- Blender is the free and open source 3D creation suite. It supports the entirety of the 3D pipeline—modeling, rigging, animation, simulation, rendering, compositing and motion tracking, even video editing and game creation. https://www.blender.org/. - Blender software. 2.79b Version. About, License & Development. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328677236_Blender_software_279b_Version_About_License_Development - Modern accessible application of the system Blender in 3D design practice. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/312033613_Modern_accessible_application_of_the_system_Blender_in_3D_design_practice
KPC/ME 6th Semester/ How to approach a Autocad 2D drawing/Ms.Smriti BhakatKingstonPolytechnic
A knuckle joint is a mechanical joint that connects two rods under tension and allows for a small amount of flexibility. It consists of a single eye, double eye or fork, and a knuckle pin that connects the eyes. Knuckle joints are commonly used in applications like roof trusses, bridges, roller chains, jib cranes, and tractors where a tensile load is present and a small degree of angular movement is required.
An exploded view drawing shows how objects are assembled by depicting the individual parts as if they have been separated but in their correct positions relative to one another. The document provides examples of exploded view drawings of a desk and trinket box that make clear the assembly process by illustrating each component and where it fits in relation to the others. Creating an exploded view involves redrawing the components of an object as if they have been blown apart while maintaining the accurate alignment of each part.
Sketchup basic course by Eng. Khalid A. Mterkhalid mter
This document provides an overview and learning objectives for a course on building 3D models in Google SketchUp. It will teach students how to use SketchUp's tools to create and modify 2D and 3D geometry, including the line, circle, rectangle, arc, and polygon tools. It will also cover more advanced tools like push/pull to add volume, follow me to create paths, and array/rotate tools to duplicate objects. The document includes step-by-step examples of creating a simple doghouse model and modifying geometry. Upon completing the course, students will be able to proficiently use SketchUp's modeling tools.
a spline is a flexible strip used to produce a smooth curve through a designated set of points.
Polynomial sections are fitted so that the curve passes through each control point, Resulting curve is said to interpolate the set of control points.
This document discusses different types of geometric modeling methods including wireframe, surface, and solid modeling. Wireframe modeling uses points and lines to define objects but does not represent actual surfaces or volumes. Surface modeling defines the outer surfaces of an object. Solid modeling precisely defines the enclosed volume of an object using its faces, edges, and vertices. Constructive solid geometry and boundary representation are two common solid modeling techniques. CSG uses Boolean operations to combine primitive shapes, while boundary representation precisely defines the boundaries and topology of a model.
This document discusses different types of geometric modeling methods including wireframe, surface, and solid modeling. Wireframe modeling uses points and lines to define objects but does not represent actual surfaces or volumes. Surface modeling defines the outer surfaces of an object. Solid modeling precisely defines the enclosed volume of an object using its faces, edges, and vertices. Constructive solid geometry and boundary representation are two common solid modeling techniques. CSG uses Boolean operations to combine primitive shapes, while boundary representation stores topological information about faces, edges, and vertices. Feature-based modeling allows shapes to be created through operations like extruding, revolving, sweeping, and filling.
This document proposes a method for drawing in 3D using view-dependent silhouette strokes that can represent uncertainty and occlusion. It discusses previous work on 3D drawing that was limited to specific interfaces or primitives. The proposed approach models silhouette strokes as 3D curves with associated surfaces, and renders them from different viewpoints while managing occlusion. An interface allows drawing lines and silhouettes in empty space or on objects. Applications include illustration, annotation, and guided 3D design. Future work includes handling tubular objects and real-world testing in teaching anatomy.
The document discusses geometric modeling which plays a crucial role in CAD/CAM/CAE systems. It describes three main types of geometric modeling: wireframe, surface, and solid modeling. Wireframe modeling uses lines and curves to represent an object, while surface modeling uses surfaces like planes. Solid modeling generates the most complete representation and provides all information for engineering analysis and manufacturing. The document also covers curve representation techniques, order of continuity between curves, and cubic spline modeling which uses piecewise cubic polynomials to smoothly join data points.
The document discusses geometric modeling which plays a crucial role in CAD/CAM/CAE systems. It describes three main types of geometric modeling: wireframe, surface, and solid modeling. Wireframe modeling uses lines and curves to represent an object, surface modeling uses surfaces like planes, and solid modeling creates a complete 3D representation of an object. Parametric curves and issues of continuity between curves are also covered. Cubic spline curves are discussed as an example of synthetic curves used in surface modeling.
The document discusses common 2D and 3D CAD commands. In 2D CAD, commands allow users to draw grids, shapes, layers, and perform actions like zooming, copying, rotating, scaling, and mirroring objects. 3D CAD allows creating wireframe, surface rendered, and photorealistic models and performing operations like combining, subtracting, and adding shapes. Key benefits of 3D CAD include producing realistic designs and orthographic views quickly without needing physical models.
The document discusses techniques for enhancing 2D civil engineering designs and presentations by bringing them into 3D using Civil 3D. It covers creating 3D workspaces and views, adjusting visual styles, turning off unnecessary links and lines, adding materials, trees and other objects, inserting cameras and creating walkthroughs and movies. It also provides steps for importing the Civil 3D design into 3DS Max for further 3D rendering and visualization.
The document outlines a 10 day AutoCAD training workshop. Day 1 covers getting started with AutoCAD including the interface, coordinate systems, and basic drawing commands. Day 2 focuses on precision tools like object snaps. Day 3 is on editing objects. Day 4 covers layers and advanced objects. Day 5 discusses additional editing tools. Day 6 is about text and annotations. Day 7 is for practice. Day 8 has a test. Day 9 introduces 3D modeling basics. Day 10 covers creating solids and surfaces from 2D objects. The workshop aims to teach students how to use AutoCAD for 2D drawing and 3D modeling.
The document provides details on enhancements made in Creo Parametric 3.0. It lists over 100 enhancements organized by product extension and functional area. Key enhancements include improved workflows for measuring, dynamic dimensioning in 2D and 3D drawings, new blending tools, multi-level subdivision, and expanded NC programming capabilities such as new toolpaths for chamfer/round milling and improved roughing strategies.
This document provides an overview of geometric constructions and CAD editing tools for sketching. It describes how to locate points, draw lines, construct angles and polygons. It also explains how to use CAD tools like extend, trim, fillet, chamfer, mirror, move, rotate, repeat, offset, and apply constraints. Examples are given for each tool and there are practice assignments involving sketching geometric shapes and applying various constraints and modifications.
All physical objects have 3D boundaries that define their shape. Surface modeling uses points, lines, and faces to define these boundaries mathematically. There are several types of surfaces, including plane, ruled, revolved, and freeform surfaces. Revolved surfaces are created by rotating a profile around an axis, generating surfaces like cylinders and cones. Curves and surfaces are essential for modeling complex shapes encountered in engineering designs.
This document provides an overview of computer-aided design (CAD) software and the basics of using AutoCAD. It discusses what CAD is, the benefits of using CAD like accuracy and productivity. It then describes the main parts of the AutoCAD interface and basic drawing tools. The document outlines how to set up a drawing by choosing units, scale, and limits. It provides step-by-step instructions for basic drawing techniques like drawing a box using lines and offsets. It also covers modifying drawings using commands like trim, extend, and fillet. Finally, it discusses strategies for laying out a basic floor plan and dividing it into sections. In summary, the document serves as an introduction to the CAD software AutoCAD and provides found
Unit 2-ME8691 & COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN AND MANUFACTURINGMohanumar S
This document discusses different geometric modeling techniques. It describes wireframe modeling where object edges are represented by lines. Surface modeling uses techniques like patches to represent curved surfaces. Solid modeling represents objects as solids to avoid misinterpretation. Constructive solid geometry and boundary representation are two common solid modeling techniques. CSG uses primitives and Boolean operations while boundary representation uses edges, vertices and faces to define boundaries.
The document discusses geometric modeling which is the foundation of computer-aided design (CAD). It describes the different types of geometric models including graphical models, curve models, surface models, and solid models. Graphical models include wireframe models and can be graphically deficient. Curve models must satisfy boundary conditions at start and end points. When curves are joined, they can have C0, C1 or C2 continuity depending on matching of points, tangents or curvature. The document provides examples of each type of continuity for composite curves.
The document provides details on the design and assembly of a kids' kick scooter using Autodesk Inventor software. It includes summaries of the key steps: part designs were created using 2D sketches, extrusion, fillets, holes, and other tools; parts were assembled using mating and constraints; presentations and animations were created; and 2D projections including drawings, dimensions, and balloons were generated. The summary concludes the report provides an overview of complex design generation, assembly, and design constraints using Inventor.
Curves play a significant role in CAD modeling, especially for generating wireframe models. There are three main types of computer-aided design models: wireframe, surface, and solid. Wireframe models use only points and curves to represent an object in the simplest form. Curves can be classified as analytical, interpolated, or approximated. Analytical curves have fixed mathematical equations, interpolated curves pass through given data points in a fixed form, and approximated curves provide the most flexibility in complex shape creation. Parametric equations are preferred over non-parametric equations for representing curves in CAD programs. Common analytical curves include lines, circles, ellipses, parabolas, and hyperbolas. Interpolated curves can
solidworks vs mytools utilities featuresshezperera97
The document describes myCADtools, a software add-on for SOLIDWORKS. It provides over 30 utilities to enhance SOLIDWORKS functionality. Some key utilities described are SelectMaterial for applying materials to parts, CurveEquation for creating curves from mathematical equations, DriveAssembly for animating assemblies based on dimensions, and AssemblyBoard for automatically generating exploded views and bills of materials from assemblies. The utilities aim to improve efficiency, standardization, and communication compared to using SOLIDWORKS alone.
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This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Curves from beginning to end
1. Curves from Beginning to End Mark Biasotti SolidWorks Corporation Product Definition – New Concepts January 22 nd 2008
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3. Splines: Can live with them, can live without them! What are they good for and why do we use them?
4. Splines: Can live with them, can live without them My Goal: By the end of this presentation I hope to transform your feelings about splines from this… To This
5. Why use Splines? When shape can not be described by line, arc, ellipse etc. (or it takes many of them in series to accomplish) Series of arcs Single Spline
6. Why use Splines? Single Spline results in smoother overall edge verses series of arcs. Series of arcs Single Spline C1 C2
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9. 2D verses 3D Sketch 4 degrees of freedom vs. Six Degrees of freedom
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11. The 2D spline Curvature Comb (Show Curvature) point of inflection Control Polygon Handle Spline point handle widgets Shadow Spline position
This is our agenda for today. I want to use our time familiarizing you with the type of curves that are available in SolidWorks, then get into depth with 2D and 3D sketch splines. With 2D and 3D splines, I’ll show you how to create them, modify them and constrain them and then eventually, how to use them in advanced modeling features.
Why is there such a line of demarcation between, say, lines and arcs and Splines? I submit that although they can be parametrically controlled and constrained, there is stylist judgment that is called for when creating them. I’m not saying that you need to be an artist, but rather you do need to understand how to create splines to conform to the designer’s intent. More often than not the hardest aspect of this is to achieve smoothness or what mathematicians call “fairness.” Because there are many more variables to splines for defining and changing their shape, this makes them more complex than there arc and line counterparts.
My goal for this presentation is elevate your fears with sketch spline geometry by familiarize you with it, and get you comfortable using them.
Why not just use a series of arcs and lines to describe a spline; wouldn’t it be easier and get the same basic effect?
At first they might appear to be the same, but when these curves are used in creating a surface model, the differences become notable. When Show Curvature is displayed on the geometry their abrupt change of curvature is evident. This occurs when two arcs are connected together, because their default tangent connection does not necessarily mean that the curvature on each arc is equal where they meet. This discontinuity shows up in polished or shiny surfaces, especially white, black and chrome materials. In in order to overcome this discontinuity, Surface modeling techniques focus on replacing these series of arcs with one continuous spline that mimics a series of concave and convex arcs, yet allows for small differences that result in continuity and that translates thru to the surface that is created from the spline.
Let’s look at a familiar example. Many of today’s leading designs are deceivingly simple. They look like simple prismatic shapes but, in fact, they are not. Take the iPhone for example. It can be described as a thin brick, that can be modeled by simply extruding and adding radii to; however, this not the case. Look at the way that the reflections wrap around the corners. If it were just a brick with radiuses applied, the corners reflections would not flow so smoothly as reflections and light passed over them.
Lets get familiar with the concept of curvature continuity. Here we compare the way the upper left corner of this letter “C” is treated given the following connection possibilities: C0 = a simple connection but no tangency i.e. an edge C1 = Surface boundaries share Common edge with tangency but the curvature (and rate of) is not equal. C2 = a curve continuous connection where the curvature is equal where the two faces meet (but not necessarily the rate of which can suddenly change) C3 (or better) a curve continuous connection in which the curvature is not only equal but the rate is gradual between them. This specified degree is suitable for Class A applications i.e. automotive, aero where scrutiny to aesthetics and functional flow are paramount. Most consumer product design applications do not require this.
Almost all aspects of the 2D and 3D sketch are identical except when it comes to spatial freedom. 2D sketches are restricted to only planar faces or reference planes, therefore you have, in essence, 4 degrees of freedom. 3DSketch geometry can be placed anywhere in 3D space, and therefore has 6 degrees of freedom. Although vastly more flexible for today’s consumer product shapes, this added flexibility can make them harder to define and control in 3D space.
Let’s review the kind of curve geometry methods we have available to us in SolidWorks. 2D Sketch Spline – 2D and 3D sketch Splines are distinguished between whether you can apply them on a plane or face or anywhere in 3D space. Project Curve – You can take 2D sketch geometry and project it normal to it’s sketch plane onto a surface or face. Project Curve by 2 – There is a “2 and ½ D” method that has existed for a while that allows you to define two 2D sketches in opposing planes and then subsequently use the two sketches to project a 3D curve into 3D space. Spline on Surface (known in the industry as COS – curve on surface) is a 3D sketch spline that adheres itself (and makes constrains to) to a face or surface as you draw it. Curve thru XYZ Points – There is also a method to use 3D points either from a excel like table of coordinates or defining the points on existing 3D geometry. This is a popular method to take point data from a flow analysis package like ANSYS, for say, a turbine blade, and get those leading edge curves into SolidWorks to create surfaces from. Face Curves Tools>Sketch Tools>Face Curves gives the user the ability to convert a face or surface into a grid of curves. This grid, in its U and V directions can be defined by the user in the Property manager. Convert Entity and Offset Entity is a spline utility that can, in the case of Convert Entity, can project a existing edge or edges into a 2D sketch or in the case of 3D, simply copy the edges into the current 3D sketch. In the case of Offset, it does similarly, but offsets the result by a user given value. The Fit Spline , (Tools>Spline Tools>Fit Spline) like Convert and Offset, is spline utility that can “fit” a spline over existing sketch geometry whether that be a series of arcs and lines or even a 2D or 3D sketch spline. The difference thou, with this powerful command, is that you can adjust the tolerance of the solution. So in the case of a series of arc and lines connected together, you can fit a spline over them, adjust for a loose tolerance and thereby make a curve continuous spline. This is handy if you want continuity, but want to drive the sketch with simple arc dimensions. Intersection Curve can also be created as a result of 2 surfaces, or a surface and plane, that intersect. Finally, there is a Helix Curve that is essential for creating threads and springs and Parabolas for creating optical solutions. Split Lines are considered by some to be a curve. They take current faces and split them in two thereby creating an edge that can be use like other SW curve geometry.
Let’s look at the 2D sketch spline in depth, and get familiar with it and its various options. When sketching a 2D spline, you can define it by dragging out a series of points. Alternatively, you can sketch a 2D spline by defining a series of Polygon control points, know as a “Control Cage.” Once the initial spline shape is sketch, the user can then fine-tune it’s shape using spline control handles and their widgets. With the “Show Curvature” displayed, you can analyze the rate of curvature change or “smoothness”. A handy “ghosting” effect is built into all SolidWorks sketch geometry that helps the user reference the last change they make to the sketch by comparing the previous position with the relative current move of the spline shape.
The spline control handles are made up of a vector widget that is used to change the direction (or angle) of the spline at that point. The arrow shaped widget at the end is used to change the magnitude of tangency. Since SW2007, in the case of interim spline points, you can pull these handles asymmetrically, similar to Bezier splines found in Adobe Illustrator. This makes defining complex profiles much easier with without the need to create an excessive number of points. The ball at the end of the widget is for changing both the vector angle and the magnitude at once. Of course, if you desire symmetrical control, you can hold down the <Alt> key on your keyboard and pull the Magnitude (or combined) widget, and both sides of the interim spline point will be equally influence.
Whenever the spline is selected, it’s PropertyManager panel is available to make changes and adjustments to it’s various aspects. The first two options, For Construction and Show Curvature are duplicate controls for toggling the spline between geometry and construction geometry and for showing the curvature comb respectively. Maintain Internal Continuity is on by default and it attempts to maintain a more “Fair” or smooth solution. If you are striving for smooth curvatures, it is best to keep it checked. Raised Degree is an option that allows for users to create continuity beyond C2. I doesn’t necessarily mean that your curve will be C3 or higher, but only allows for the user to adjust the spline to a higher rate of curvature. The next part of the PM panel is for making adjustments to the spline. The Tangent Driving option when checked (unchecked by default) allows for maintaining the tangent angle of the spline’s point regardless of where your move the point. With it off (default) when moving spline points, the spline’s point re-parameterizes as you drag the splines endpoint to new locations. It is best illustrated by creating a 3 point spline (try this yourself) and then drag one of it’s endpoints with it both enabled and disabled. The next three buttons are important for reiterating the spline’s shape. Reset This Handle removes any user defined vector or magnitude changes and resets it to its most “relax” and “Fair” condition. Reset All Handles is similar to the above but affects all handles of the spline at once. Relax Spline is a important command that relaxes the shape of the spline, and like Handle Resets, helps to make the spline more smooth. It is sometimes also necessary when switching from Polygon Control back to point control editing. This is necessary because Polygon Control editing does not re-parameterize the interim splines points dynamically. This is evident, after Control Polygon editing, when you try to move the interim spline point close to an adjacent spline point and you experience excessive knotting.
Let’s do a review in SolidWorks of what we just learned. We will: Create a 2D spline Explore the handles and how they affect the spline Explore the various PM options Show Curvature
Often times we need to “trace” splines over a image of the design intent like this razor sketch. An affect method for creating splines, is to do the following: Create the initial spline (using spline point creation method or Control Polygon method) using a few points as possible. Create points at areas where the shape’s peaks and valleys (or convex or concave apexes) and if necessary at the areas of inflection (where curve goes from concave to convex.) Constrain and adjust the start and end points of the splines. Now move the interim spline points and change there vector widgets to better mimic the initial design intent of the curve in the design sketch. Up to this point, we have on changed the tangent magnitude of any of the interim point handles. Continue to a move the points and adjust the vector widget handles. Now, turn on show curvature and carefully adjust the tangent magnitudes of the interim spline point handles holding down the <Alt> key (symmetrically) Once you’ve gotten this far, you should be pretty close. Now use asymmetrical control of the tangent magnitude handles by pulling them individually. If tangent driving is on, you can adjust the angle numerically in the spline’s PropertyManager. It should be noted that you can also dimension the tangent weight of the handle as well as it’s angle. I would not generally advise this except in the case where you want to specify draft angle at the beginning and end of the spline or need to drive the spline emphatically by an equation or simply need to lock it down at time of final release of a design.
As mentioned before, starting with SW2007 users can now control spline interim points asymmetrically. This allows for reduction of the amount of points the user needs to specify. (I come from an ID background and some of my favorite programs are Adobe Illustrator and PhotoShop. I love splines in these programs and how you can asymmetrically weight either sides of the spline point. It makes defining shapes really easy. I really wanted these in SW, but our programmers initially had a tough time figuring out how to do this. After all we use NURBS and although Bezier splines, in which Illustrator uses, are a subset of NURBS, it still would present problems with internal continuity etc. I turned out that many ID/SW users that I interviewed in 2004 and 2005 felt the same way that I did. Well, finally our developers found a way and got them into 2007.) Lets take a look…
With Degree Raising, the user can make a 5th degree spline (default is cubic). This option gives the spline the flexibility to generate a C3 curve, even thou we don’t have a C3 constraint. Raising the degree generally makes a 2 point spline easier to manipulate. You can make it C3 by adjusting the magnitude or control polygon handles. Let’s take a look at an example…
There is a somewhat undiscoverable, but very useful 3D sketch constrain called “Tangent Face” which eliminates the need for references curves on faces that you are trying to constrain tangent or equal curvature with. You can make a tangent face constrain (as well as a Curvature Equal constrain) if you pick both the spline, edge of the face that the spline is connected to, and then the face. With these three selected, you will get the choice to make it tangent to the face and/or Curvature Equal to the face. What this type of constraint affords the user is the ability to, after the constrain is applied, freely slide around the curve on its edge while maintaining tangency to the face. *(in order to view these videos, you will need to visit www.techsmith.com and download their video codec.)
The Proportional option is handy if you want to maintain the shape of a multi point spline yet drive it by it’s end points. In the following example, let look at how you can use this option to create a swept surface.
Before moving on to 3D sketch splines, let’s review the other curve creation types available. Again, an effective method for creating 3D curves from 2D sketches is to use Insert>Curve>Projected. If you have created two 2D sketches in different planes or faces, you can combine them to project a 3D curve.
Curves created thru XYZ points allow the user to input a table of 3D coordinates and create a single curve from it. There are also a number of macros that have been written by users to take a text or .ibl file that contains a number of curves and create them automatically in a single command. (Search the SW forums for these macros.)
Curve thru Reference Points is similar to Curve thru X,Y,Z points except that instead of proving SolidWorks with a table of 3D coordinate values, the users specifies existing 3D points to create the curve. Both of these curve creation techniques are limited in that once the curve is created, you can not adjust it and you can not assign vector angle or magnitude values to it. The work around is to convert it to a 3D sketch using Convert Entities and then perform a Simplify Spline (select 3D sketch spline and RMB and select Simplify Spline) on it to convert it to a SolidWorks 3D sketch spline that then can be edited.
Face Curves (Tools>Sketch Tools>Face Curves) are another curve type that allows users to create a grid network of 3D sketch splines on a face or surface that correspond to the UV of the surface. This is a way of analyzing the mesh of a surface, persistently without having to edit that surface feature.
You can create curves that are the intersection of two intersecting faces or surfaces, or a surface/face and a plane.
Fit spline is a powerful utility that allows the user to “Fit” a spline over existing 2D or 3D sketch geometry, and adjust it’s tolerance to that underlying geometry. This is a useful function when users want to create analytical (arcs and lines) sketch geometry, yet want it to result in a smooth and continuous curve. An yes, you can add dimension to your lines and arcs, and drive the Fit spline parametrically.
Convert and Offsetting Entities converts existing model edges and faces into the 2D sketch plane. Currently only Convert Entities is available in 3D sketches and not Offset. Composite Curve is a curve utility for gathering up a contiguous set of edges into one curve feature. Recent enhancements in 3D sketch combined with Convert Entity make it a more useful method than Composite curve because they essentially both do the same thing. (One caveat is that Composite curve is slightly more robust because in some cases converted 3D sketches overdefine or dangle when dramatic changes are made in parent features.)
Helix, is of course, useful and necessary when creating paths to create springs and sweep a cut or add material for a thread. Helix has been enhanced of the last few releases to be able to variably change the pitch and diameter as well as tapering.
Let look a simple application of a 2D sketch spline and how to use it to build a bridge curve* for a surface. In this will look at creating 4 different types of bridge curves using various methods: 2D sketch spline using Intersection Curve in a 2D plane 3D sketch spline for one vertex to another can =Curvature at the edges of those vertices. 3D sketch between the end of one projected curve and another 3D sketch connected freely between one edge to the other and a “Face Tangency” constraint is *Bridge curve is just a generic name for a spline that “bridges to existing surfaces.
When constraining to projected curves on surfaces or faces, we current (in 2008 SP2) have a problem with overdefining when constraining 3D sketch splines to them. This occurs because projected curves don’t meet the ends of the faces that they project to with sufficient accuracy that the 3D constraint-solver needs and it applies both a constraint to the end of the fore-shorten projected curve as well as the edge of the face causing an over-defined condition. If you zoom in very closely on the constraint, you will see this. It is best to convert them to a 3D sketch curve that will overcome this problem, or you can do the following: Go ahead and create your 3D sketch spline to the projected curve/s. When it goes over-constrained, zoom in on each end of the spline until you can notice the mis-match of the projected curve with the edge of the face. Simply delete the dual constrain to the edge (not to the end of the projected curve), and on either end if necessary, and this will remove the over-defined condition. You can now successfully add tangent and equal curvature constrains.
Lets take a look at a this simple shape, created from a single 3D sketch…
Remember that when creating and editing 3D sketch splines, you have 6 degrees of freedom verses 4 degrees in a 2D sketch so it should not be surprising that they are initially more difficult to work with. Let me show you some useful tools for controlling 3d splines using 3D sketch planes and the 3D sketch Triad….
Another viable method for creating and editing 3D sketch splines is to use a multi-window SolidWorks environment. This is very familiar to Alias and Rhino users because this is how they effectively interact with 3D curves. Let’s take a look at an example of how to do this in SolidWorks…
Now that we’ve covered the basics of how to create 2D and 3D splines, lets take a look at how they are used to create complex shapes… A point to be made here is that although you can use these interim curves to better define the Boundary surface, in some cases, you don’t need them. Try the Curve Influence option “Next Curve” in the First direction curve selection box to see how to “inflate” the boundary surface. You can also add a connector to better manage the flow of the surface as it moves around the corner. *(in order to view these videos, you will need to visit www.techsmith.com and download their video codec.)
3D sketches are very useful for creating reference surfaces (with a single 3D sketch) to control the fill feature as well as other surface features.
Again, 3D sketches are useful for not only as curves that define surfaces, but also as a quick way to create reference surface that then subsequently control the final surfaces. Let’s look at an example…
Creating one or two sketch splines in conjunction with the Fill Feature allow the user to create complex surface features. Let’s take a look…