2. Introduction
According to the modern concept,
curriculum-does not mean only the
academic subjects, traditionally taught in
schools but it includes the sum total of
experiences that pupil receives through
the manifold activities that go on in the
school, in the classroom, library,
laboratory, workshop, play-grounds and
in the numerous informal contacts
between teachers and pupils. In this
sense, curriculum touches the life of the
students at all points and help in the
evolution of a balanced personality.
3. Meaning of curriculum
The term curriculum has been derived from
a Latin word 'Currere' which means a 'race
course' or a runway on which one runs to
reach a goal. Accordingly, a curriculum is the
instructional and the educative programme by
following which the pupils achieve their goals,
ideals and aspirations of life.
It is curriculum through which the general
aims of a school education receive concrete
expression.
Traditional concept-The traditional curriculum
was subject centered while the modern
curriculum is child and life-centered.
4. Definition of curriculum
Cunningham – “Curriculum is a tool in the hands of the
artist (teacher) to mould his material (pupils) according to
his ideas (aims and objectives) in his studio (school)”.
Morroe – “Curriculum includes all those activities which
are utilized by the school to attain the aims of education.
Froebel – “Curriculum should be conceived as an epitome
of the rounded whole of the knowledge and experience of
the human race.”
Crow and Crow – The curriculum includes all the learners’
experience in or outside school that are included in a
programme which has been devised to help him
developmentally, emotionally, socially, spiritually and
morally”.
T.P. Nunn-“The curriculum should be viewed as various
forms of activities that are grand expressions of human
sprit and that are of the greatest and most permanent
significance to the wide world”.
5. THE PRINCIPLE OF CHILD
CENTEREDNESS
Child learn from experience and activities.
Needs of the child are satisfied and interest
motivation is maintained.
Educational activity should be meaningfully
appropriate for the child for his all round
development.
Curriculum should be according to the needs,
interests, capability , capacity, aptitudes,
attitudes and abilities of the pupils of the
7. THE PRINCIPLE OF
COMMUNITY CENTERDNESS
Social needs and local needs of the
learner should be taken into account
Reflect the values of democracy,
ethos and main concerns of the
country.
He should understand member of the
community and try to solve them in a
systematic way.
Child should be in a position to face
challenges.
8. ACTIVITY PRINCIPLES
Curriculum must be full of activities.
Should be a collection of experiences of
practical activities, the student might learn
with his personal efforts and experience.
Child learn more from activities. It should
be connected with the child’s desires and
needs.
Content brought through achieves
because it creates interest and help in the
physical and natural growth of the child.
Activity range from play actives at the
primary level to creative and constructive
9. THE PRINCIPLE OF
INTEGRATION
Should integrate child’s activities and
needs, on the other hand, the needs
of 21st century should be there.
Cognitive, effective and psychomotor
objective and abilities.
Knowledge and experience.
Objectives and content.
Child activity and needs of the society.
10. FORWARD LOOKING
PRINCIPLE
Capability of adjustment in different
circumstances of life.
Equip him to face the challenges that
come in his future life.
Student may acquire to the ability to
study real aspect of any situation.
Quality of foresightedness.
11. CONSERVATIVE PRINCIPLE
Cultivate a sense of respect for his
traditions and culture.
To know his past culture and traditions.
Preserve the culture and traditions of the
past should be these to that it is
transmitted to next generation.
RENEWAL PRINCIPLE
• Renew the culture to suit the requirement
of the changing world.
12. MOTIVATION PRINCIPLE
Intrinsic motivation is needed for a
child to learn effectively.
Interest and motivation will be
developed of the child finds that the
subjects in the curriculum will satisfy it.
Therefore curriculum should be goal
directed.
13. MATURITY PRINCIPLE
The curriculum should be suited to the
mental and physical development of
the pupil.
15. THE PRESENCE OF
ELASTICITY, FLEXIBILITY AND
VARIETY
Should not be rigid but should be
flexible to suit the changing needs of
the people and the society
These should be precious to meet the
needs of pupil with different taste,
skills and intelligence.
Broad based.
16. THE PRICIPLE OF
COMPREHENSIVENESS
A verity of subject to satisfy a variety of
pupil of different communities should be
there. Besides, the curriculum should be
comprehensive to cater to the needs and
total development of the child.
17. THE PRINCIPLE OF BALANCE
Curriculum should maintain proper
balance between the direct and indirect
experiences.
18. THE PRINCIPLE OF UTILITY
Curriculum should be of practical use to
the pupil and hence should maintain
vocational and technical base. Emphasis
should be given to work experiences.
