1. Resources For Education At
Secondary Higher Secondary Level
Submitted to
Dr. Jagannath K. Dange
Asst, Prof.
Dept. of Education
Kuvempu University Submitted by
Bhavya. R
II Year., III Sem
Dept. of Education
Kuvempu University
2. INDEX
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NO
CONTENT
1. Introduction, Meaning
2. Cctv is used for variety of purposes, Types of cctv
3. Importance of cctv
4. Schools need an eye beyond cctv for cameras safety of students
5. Are your children safe? Checklist of parents, way forward
6. Application of cctv in school governance, state and territory surveillance
act s include
7. To record or not to record
8. Benefits of cctv
9. conclusion
3. Introduction
closed circuit
television (CCTV)
CCTV stands for Closed
Circuit Television, it is
called this as unlike
television it is not openly
transmitted, it is built
within a “closed circuit”. A
modern cctv System
consists of CCTV cameras,
CCTV Recorder (Digital
Video Recorder, or DVR for
short), a display monitor
and of course all these
need to be connected
together using cabling and
accessories.
4. Meaning
Closed-circuit television (CCTV), also known as
video surveillance, is the use of video cameras
to transmit a signal to a specific place, on a
limited set of monitors.
Definition:
A private television system involving one or
more cameras connected to one or more
monitors for security, surveillance, law
enforcement, and general purpose monitoring
applications. Unlike public broadcast TV, CCTV is
a closed system in intended for private use.
5. CCTV is commonly used for a variety
of purposes, including
• Providing security to schools
• Maintaining perimeter security.
• Monitoring traffic.
• Obtaining a visual record of human activity
7. Importance of CCTV
• Nowadays crime has been increasing in a fast
mode.
• The need of security system depends on the
mode of work like commercially you want or
for your home school you need security.
• CCTV cameras come in several modes like
recording only, recording with sound effect,
hidden CCTV cameras and so on.
8. • CCTV camera security system is available in market
in different costs.
• The hidden functionally of CCTV camera is very
useful where you want to check any ones attitude
or behavior and especially when he or she does
not know about it.
• CCTV camera security systems are not for secure
your home only rather you can use this in your
Office era or school or your shop.
• Sound effect of CCTV is more important to record
the voice.
• The visibility of CCTV is also helpful to avoid crime
several times.
9. Schools need an eye beyond CCTV
cameras for safety of students
The Central Board of
Secondary Education
(CBSE) issued a notice
to all affiliated schools
this week enlisting
guidelines to ensure a
child’s safety on school
premises.
11. 2. Tightening protocol
We do not let our
students leave unless it is
with a person holding a
valid parent ID card, or
with people who have
been authorized by the
parents,” said SK
Bhattacharya, secretary
of Delhi’s Bal Bharati
Public School and
president of the School
Action Committee.
One of the directives
and suggestions that
have come from most
law enforcement
agencies is verification of
staff to check for criminal
records.
12. Are your children safe?
Checklist for parents
• Did the guard at the gate ask for
identification when you visited
the school? Were you asked to
enter your details in a register
before entering the premises,
and did the guard cross check
that the information entered
matched your ID?
• Has the school conducted any
police verification on all staff,
before hiring them, teaching and
non-teaching?
• Do schools have CCTV cameras
installed in corridors, classrooms,
playgrounds eliminating as many
blind spots as possible?
13. • Do the junior and senior
students have to cross
paths often? Or do they
function in separate wings
of the school?
• Are there separate
washrooms for staff and
students? Is there a
female guard stationed at
the students’ washroom?
• Do school buses drop
kids and pick them up
from within the school
campus?
14. Way forward
• “One of the first things is to get parents more
involved in the school. Principals also need to be
empowered in management because they are
usually more sensitive to the issues. Teachers
are the best medium to reach students and
hence they need to be properly trained and
sensitised,” said Kanoongo of NCPCR.
Monitoring remains crucial. “District education
officers need to be empowered and given access
to private schools as well,” he added.
16. • According to Squelch and Squelch “A safe school
may be defined as one that is free of danger and
possible harm; a place in which staff and students
can work, teach and learn without fear of
intimidation, harassment, humiliation and
violence. Therefore, a safe school is one that is
physically and psychologically safe.”
• The use of this technology can enhance the
perception of safety amongst students and staff,
can protect school property against acts of
vandalism and can aid in the identification of
perpetrators of crimes and anti-social behaviour
17. State and territory surveillance acts
include
• Workplace Surveillance Act 2005 (NSW);
• Listening and Surveillance Devices Act 1972
(SA);
• Listening Devices Act 1991 (Tas);
• Surveillance Devices (Workplace Privacy) Act
2006 (Vic);
• Surveillance Devices Act 1998 (WA); and
• Workplace Privacy Act 2011 (ACT).
18. To record or not to record
• Will the use of surveillance technologies further
enhance the feeling of well-being and safety in
the school or will they support or propagate a
‘big brother is watching you’ mentality?
• How will all members of the school community
be informed/consulted about the installation
and use of the technologies?
• Under what circumstances will surveillance
information be provided to third parties such as
the police or others?
19. Benefits of cctv to schools
• Deter Crime & Reduce Break-ins:
• Prevent Vandalism:
• Protect Vehicles:
• Eliminate Unauthorized Intruders:
• Keep an Eye on Remote Entrances/Exits & Off
Limit Areas
• Watch Busy Corridors
• Monitor Bathroom Entrance:
20. School Safety
• Deter Sex Offenders
• Prevent Bullying
• Aide in Emergency Evacuation
School Monitoring
• Visitor Monitoring
• Student Monitoring
• Provide Peace of Mind to Parents
21. • Use of CCTV surveillance in schools
• Statutory requirements
• Proper control and management
• Use and misuse of CCTV surveillance
• The future?
• Diversity of opinion
22. Conclusion
The use of surveillance technology such as
CCTV in schools is an ever-increasing picture and
one that must be monitored carefully in the
future, as the technology provides more
potential ways in which it can be employed by
schools. ATL is confident that the policy and
guidance it now has for members provides a
sound, informative and useful grounding on the
use of CCTV in schools, but it is also certain that
this support will have to be expanded in the
future, to address further a rapidly developing
aspect of its members' professional lives.
25. Introduction
A projector or image
projector is an optical device
that projects an image (or
moving images) onto a surface,
commonly a projection screen.
Most projectors create an
image by shining a light
through a small transparent
lens, but some newer types of
projectors can project the
image directly, by using lasers.
A virtual retinal display, or
retinal projector, is a projector
that projects an image directly
on the retina instead of using
an external projection screen.
26. • The most common type of projector used today is
called a video projector.
• The first carousel slide projector was patented on
May 11, 1965 by a man named David Hansen.
• The digital projector we know today was created
by Gene Dolgoff in 1984, although he came up
with the concept for it in 1968.
•
27. Meaning
A projector is an output device that can take
images generated by a computer or Blu-ray player
and reproduce them onto a screen, wall, or other
surface. Typically, the surface projected onto is
large, flat, and lightly colored. For example, you
could use a projector to show a presentation on a
large screen so that everyone in the room can see
it. Projectors can produce either still (slides) or
moving images (videos). A projector is often about
the size of a toaster and weighs only a few pounds.
28. Definition
• A projector is a device that uses light and lenses to take an
image and project a magnified image onto a larger screen
or wall. Projectors can magnify still or moving images
depending on how they are built. The image must be
shone through a sealed tube or frame when passing
through the lenses to maintain focus.
Effects:
• The projector sends the lighted image through at least
two lenses - one concave and one convex - to focus the
image and then magnify it out to the screen. Because it is
several lenses fused into one, a Fresnel lens can
sometimes work by itself (though the image can be
inverted).
29. Types:
Overhead and slide projectors are among the
projectors that shine light through a still image and
uses its lenses to project a larger image onto the
screen. A film or video projector sends moving
pictures across the light beam to play a movie in
the same way.
Features:
The one, and most important, feature shared by
almost all projectors is the ability to adjust the
lenses and thus focus the projected image to get a
clear picture (depending on the projector's
proximity to the screen).
30. Function
Most projectors use a straight tube or frame that
sends the image in one direction. An
overhead projector, however, first shines the
image upward and then bounces it off a mirror to
send it in a forward direction.
Benefits
Still and video projectors are used by both
business and educational institutions to showcase
important presentations and videos. Movie
theaters to this day use projectors to show films
on a large screen
31. School Uses for LCD Projector
• Lectures
• Video
• Quizzes and Attendance
• Webcasts and Webinars
• Demonstrations
32. Advantages
• Largest possible picture.
• Smaller images a great option also
• Low cost.
• Space saving
• Easy to install
33. Limitations
• Dark room often required
• Maintenance required
• Installation can be more involved
• Rainbow artifacts
• Separate audio system required
34. Conclusion
Overall Projectors very useful in teaching
learning process in schools. It helps teachers
to teach effectively in the classroom so many
companies introduce many projectors with
different functions, high quality, warranty.
Now many universities colleges schools also
implement projectors. Teachers have to learn
the use of projectors in their classroom
teaching.
35. INDEX
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CONTENT
1. Introduction
2. Definition
3. The Importance of Teleconferencing in Education
4. Best Tool to Apply Teleconferencing in Education
5. Top 8 Benefits of Video Conferencing in Education
6. Why Choose Talks Meetings?
7. Advantages of Teleconferencing, Disadvantages of Teleconferencing
36. Introduction
A teleconference or teleseminar is the live
exchange and mass articulation
of information among several persons and
machines remote from one another but
linked by a telecommunications system.
Terms such as audio conferencing, telephone
conferencing and phone conferencing are
also sometimes used to refer to
teleconferencing.
37. Definition
A meeting is typically headed by a chairperson, and its
deliberations are recorded in a written form called minutes.
Under corporate legislation, two main types of meetings are
general meetings and special or extraordinary meetings.
Such meetings must have a minimum number of members
(called quorum) present to make the legally operative.
Decisions (called resolutions) are made on the basis of
number of votes the assenting and dissenting parties can
muster. Under the doctrine of collective responsibility,
decisions taken at these meetings bind all members whether
present or not. However, a dissenting minority may apply to
a court to have an already adopted resolution set aside if it
is deemed illegal, iniquitous, or ultra vires.
38. The Importance of Teleconferencing
in Education
• Remote Learning
• No Need to Go on Field
Trip
• Attend Class from Home
• Strengthen Exchanges
among Schools
• Invite Experts to the Class
Wherever They Are
39. Best Tool to Apply Teleconferencing in
Education
• There are many teleconferencing services for education
out there, making it difficult for schools to choose one
that will meet their needs. We spent a few days looking
for teleconferencing services that will best suit your
educational needs. During our search, we found
that ezTalks Cloud Meeting is well worth consideration
and for good reasons.
• This video teleconferencing service out there to enable
schools to deliver top quality remote learning experience
to their students, invite experts to do online
presentations for their students from anywhere in the
world, gather teachers on a same page to attend teaching
training and exchange teaching experience record online
class for after-class playback.
40. Top 8 Benefits of Video Conferencing
in Education
• 1. Video Conferencing
Connects Different
Schools for
Collaboration.
41. Why Choose Talks Meetings?
• Free for up to 100
Participants
• Fluent Group
Video/Audio/IM Chat
• Screen Sharing and
Annotation
• White Board and
Collaboration
• Record and Playback
42. 2. Video Conferencing Lets Student Learning with No
Out
3.Video Conferencing Enables to Record Lessons for
Review
4.Video Conferencing Empowers to Chat with Expert
Face to Face
5. Video Conferencing Makes Out-of-Class Learning
Easier
6.Video Conferencing Helps Connect Teachers to
Parents Closely
7. Video Conferencing Lets Students Experience A
Virtual School Trip
8. Video Conferencing Reduces the Cost for Education
43. Advantages of Teleconferencing
• Saves Time
• Save on Travel
Expenses
• Efficient Record
Keeping
• Cut Conference Costs
• Encourage Productivity
• Reliability
• Easy & Free Online
Meetings
44. Disadvantages of Teleconferencing
• Prone to Technical Challenges
• Less Effective Nonverbal Communication
• Space Limitations
• Discourages Team Dynamics
• Eliminate Informal Interactions
• Affect Professionalism –
45. Conclusion
The above are teleconferencing advantages and
disadvantages. As we know, teleconferencing is undoubtedly
one of the most common ways of holding meetings in the
modern world. This means of communication is preferred by
companies for different reasons. Most of the advantages of
teleconferencing are very easy to see, especially when other
options of holding meetings are put into context, while the
limitations are sometimes not so easy to see.
In general, there are many advantages and disadvantages
of teleconferencing that can arise, depending on the specific
context of those involved and it is not possible to highlight
all of them. For the large part, however, the points covered
here apply to most teleconferencing situations.
47. INDEX
SL
NO
CONYENT
1. EDUCATIONAL BROADCAST THROUGH RADIO
2. HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
3. Characteristics of Radio
4. INDIAN SCENE, School Broadcasts
5. Management,
6. EQUIPMENT FOR RADIO PROGRAMME PRODUCTION
7. UNIVERSITY BROADCAST
8. STAGES OF RADIO PROGRAMME PRODUCTION
48. EDUCATIONAL BROADCAST THROUGH
RADIO
Radio is a powerful mass
medium used in education for
disseminating
information, imparting instruction
and giving entertainment. It serves
with equal ease in both developed
and developing countries. It
spreads information to a greater
group of population thereby
saving time, energy, money and
man-power in an effective way.
Radio is a simple and cheap
medium readily available as a
small toy. Now small and handy
49. HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
In United Kingdom, education was taken up
through radio just after two years of starting of
broadcasting in 1922 with initiation of British
Broadcasting Company. This company became
British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) after 5
years. Then educational radio was controlled by
an Educational Council. Twenty local radio
stations are now in operation in England, each
of them broadcasting locally devised
programmes.
50. Characteristics of Radio
• Listener/s: A person or a group of people who form
the target audience of
• radio programmes.
• Broadcaster: a person who presents or announces
programmes over radio
• for the public.
• Broadcasting: any communication or transmission
of any message or signal
• to the public through electronic apparatus.
51. Continue…
• Tuning into radio: You have to switch on your radio
and tune into the station
• you want to listen to.
• Live broadcast: It means a programme being
broadcast directly without
• any pre-recording or the sounds made at the moment
of broadcast.
• Pre-recorded programme: The programme recorded
on magnetic tape,
• phonographic discs or compact disc for broadcasting it
later.
• Script : The written copy of the words to be spoken
during a radio programme.
52. INDIAN SCENE
• Radio came to India through amateurs with educational
purpose first in1923 in a small way and after four years it
could find its root here. In India, then it was used for
educational purposes in almost all the possible fields. Being
the only instrument to reach to masses in this country for a
long time, its educational role was exploited thoroughly. All
India Radio was a government medium and had the
opportunity of covering the entire Country. It has been
mostly used for developmental activities after
independence. As such All India Radio has an objective to
broadcast education with information and entertainment. So
in most of its broadcasts the educational element used to be
there. While the accent of all the programmes whether for
the general listener, or specific groups like farmers, women,
53. School Broadcasts
School Broadcast Programmes are meant for
formal educations like secondary schools, primary
schools and programmes for teachers’ education.
Then in non-formal category broadcasts for adults,
neo-literate, farmers etc are also included.
Secondary School Broadcasts are mostly syllabus
oriented, covering textbooks taking local needs into
consideration in regional languages. They work as a
supplement to the curriculum and cover subjects
like English, Sanskrit, Science, Social Studies;
Mathematics etc. giving updated information
thereby enriching the knowledge.
54. Management
Each of the educational broadcast unit of
radio station consists of a staff group of one
Producers/Programme Executive, an Assistant
Editor/Script Writer, a Production Assistant and
one or two Presenters/Compeers as per the
requirement. They are all qualified teachers with
advance training in educational broadcast. The
staffs have to update their knowledge by
attending both in-service and outside trainings
in different places regularly.
55. EQUIPMENT FOR RADIO
PROGRAMME PRODUCTION
• THE CONSOLE
• Programme circuits
• Monitoring circuits
• Control circuits
• MICROPHONE
• TURNTABLE
• COMPACT DISCS AND RECORDS
• AUDIOTAPE
• MUSIC AND SOUND EFFECTS
56. Agencies Involved
• Central Institute of Educational Technology (CIET)
• National Council of Educational Research and
Training (NCERT)
• State Institute of Educational Technology (SIET)
• State Council of Educational Research & Training
(SCERT),
• Vigvan Vidhi: A 13 episode serial on development
of science and scientific temper was first
broadcast in Hindi, and then followed with 16
other Indian language.
57. CHEERS (Children’s Enrichment
Experiment through Radio)
CHEER Programme was meant for pre-school
children of socially deprived classes studying
in Anganwadis in the age group of 3-6 years. It
was carried out in four states viz Andhra
Pradesh, Orissa, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh
respectively from Visakhapatnam, Cuttack,
Rohtak and Lucknow for a year starting from
2nd October 1992. It was a joint venture of All
India Radio, Department of Women and Child
Development and National Council of
Educational Research and Training (NCERT).
58. UNIVERSITY BROADCAST
• YuvaVani programme, a forum was given to a larger
percentage of listeners between the age group 15 to 35
years.
• Formal University Programme was broadcast from Delhi in
1966 for one hour daily on week days. It came because of
the
startingofCorrespondencecoursesby University of Delhi in
1961.
• Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar University for a long time. It was the
only source of contacting lakhs of students admitted in
different branches of Correspondence courses.Indira Gandhi
National Open University (IGNOU) has been using the radio
for its educational broadcasts from select stations of All
India Radio (AIR).
59. Interactive Radio Counseling (IRC)
All India Radio started this” Phone In”
programme on an experimental basis sometimes
in 1979 at their Cuttack station to be followed at
Pune and Delhi within next 10 years. IGNOU has
initiated ‘live’ radio counseling sessions through
various stations of AIR in bigger way and the
response was found to be very encouraging.
Apart from its registered students, many others
such as parents, potential future students and
the general public listen and interact actively
during these broadcasts.
60. STAGES OF RADIO PROGRAMME
PRODUCTION
• PRE-PRODUCTION
• PRODUCTION
• POST PRODUCTION
DIFFERENT RADIO PROGRAMMES:
• NEWS AND SPORTS
• DOCUMENTARIES AND FEATURES
• TALK PROGRAMMES (INTERVIEWS)
61. Advantages of Radio
• Radio is one of the media which covers huge population.
• Radio can be enjoyed at home, in office, while driving car
and can be enjoyed any where.
• Radio channels varies from region to region, hence you can
listen radio in your regional language.
• Like other entertainment media, Radio is also favourite of
large number of population.
• You can advertise your product on radio and the rate of
advertisement is usually lower than other medium of
communication.
• Important information or news can be easily spread on
radio.
• For local market radio is one of the powerful medium of
communication.
62. Disadvantages of Radio
• Only an audio medium for communication.
• During bad weather you cannot listen radio
properly. Often unclear and is affected by
weather.
• You need to adjust frequency properly.
• Less and limited radio channels are available
compared to other communication medium.
63. Radio for Educational Purposes in
India
• The School Broadcast Project was commissioned in 1937 to
focus on elementary school students.
• Adult education and community development project (Radio
Forum: 1956), served residents of 144 villages in the vicinity of
Poona, Maharastra state, which were the main beneficiaries.
• Farm and Home Broadcast Project, which commenced
operation in 1966, targeted farmers and those living in rural
towns and villages.
• University broadcast project, launched in 1965, targeted
university students.
• Language Learning Programme, launched in 1979-80, provided
instruction in Hindi as a first language to school aged children.
• IGNOU-AIR (All India Radio) was launched in January 1992 in
collaboration with IGNOU, AIR stations of Mumbai, Hyderabad
and Shillong. IGNOU-AIR broadcasts IGNOU educational
programmes to serve students enrolled in both open and
conventional universities.
• IGNOU-AIR Interactive Radio Counselling, launched in 1998,
targets university students enrolled in both conventional and
open programmes of study.
• Gyan-Vani, India’s first exclusive educational FM radio network,
was launched in 2001 to serve a target audience of university
students enrolled in both conventional and open programmes
of study.
64. • IGNOU-AIR (All India Radio) was launched in
January 1992 in collaboration with IGNOU, AIR
stations of Mumbai, Hyderabad and Shillong.
IGNOU-AIR broadcasts IGNOU educational
programmes to serve students enrolled in both
open and conventional universities.
• IGNOU-AIR Interactive Radio Counselling,
launched in 1998, targets university students
enrolled in both conventional and open
programmes of study.
• Gyan-Vani, India’s first exclusive educational FM
radio network, was launched in 2001 to serve a
target audience of university students enrolled in
both conventional and open programmes of study.
65. Gyan Vani: Current realities and
future direction
• The Gyan Vani educational FM radio network,
which was launched in 2001, will eventually
comprise of 40 Stations linking various cities and
towns across India. Gyan Vani will broadcast
approximately 43,800 hours of educational
programming per year. Currently, six FM radio
stations are now operating at Allahabad,
Bangalore, Coimbatore, Lucknow,
Vishakhapatanam, and Bhopal. Gyan Vani’s
radio network is slated to expand in phases,
thus incrementally expanding its educational
reach to all parts of the country.
66. Gyan Vani: A cooperative model
• Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan
• Primary and Secondary Education
• Adult education
• Technical and vocational education
• Higher education
• Distance education
• Extension education
• Indian ministries such as Agriculture, Environment,
Health, Women and Child Welfare, Science and
Technology, etc.
• NGOs
• United Nation agencies
67. Conclusion
Radio has made a comeback and clearly it
influences the lives of people of all ages in many
ways. Radio enhances learning and provides
information on various issues critical for making daily
decisions. It can even be used for entertainment
purposes. And because it does not have the visual
distractions of television, which requires one’s eyes
and ears to both be engaged, low-cost educational
programming can form an informational/ educational
background that can complement household, manual,
and academic work. In short, radio can complement
more traditional forms of educational delivery.
