1) The document provides information about physics concepts related to electric current and resistors, including definitions of current, resistance, Ohm's Law, and Kirchhoff's rules.
2) Formulas are given for calculating current, resistance, power, and equivalent resistance for resistors connected in series and parallel.
3) Examples are included to demonstrate applying the concepts and formulas to calculate values like current, resistance, and power in electric circuits.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang prinsip Pascal dan sistem hidraulik. Prinsip Pascal menyatakan bahwa tekanan yang dikenakan pada cecair akan dipindahkan secara seragam ke semua arah di dalam bekas tertutup. Sistem hidraulik menggunakan prinsip ini untuk memindahkan dan memantapkan daya melalui cecair hidraulik. Beberapa contoh soalan dan latihan penyelesaian masalah juga diberikan untuk mema
Dokumen tersebut memberikan informasi mengenai komponen elektronik LED dan perintang. Ia menjelaskan ciri-ciri dan cara kerja LED serta empat warnanya. Dokumen ini juga menyenaraikan jenis perintang dan cara membaca kod warna perintang untuk mengenalpasti nilai rintangannya. Ia juga menerangkan cara menggunakan reostat dan meter upaya dalam litar elektronik.
Dokumen ini membandingkan penilaian, pentaksiran, dan peperiksaan. Penilaian adalah proses mendapatkan maklumat untuk membuat keputusan, pentaksiran adalah proses mengumpul maklumat tentang pelajar oleh guru, dan peperiksaan adalah alat untuk mengukur prestasi pelajar. Dokumen ini juga memberikan contoh-contoh penilaian, pentaksiran, dan peperiksaan seperti latihan, lembaran kerja, dan u
1. Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang dua jenis bekalan elektrik, yaitu arus terus dan arus ulang alik.
2. Arus terus mempunyai magnitudo yang tetap sedangkan arus ulang alik magnitudonya berubah-ubah.
3. Dokumen tersebut juga menjelaskan konsep-konsep dasar seperti frekuensi, voltan puncak, voltan rms, dan cara mengukur parameter-parameter gelombang listrik.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang konsep keseimbangan daya dalam fisika, termasuk definisi keseimbangan daya, metode menghitung daya paduan, dan contoh soalan latihan. Dokumen ini menjelaskan bahwa suatu objek dalam keseimbangan daya apabila daya paduan yang bertindak padanya adalah nol, dan mendemonstrasikan cara menghitung daya paduan menggunakan metode segitiga dan segiempat.
Mengaplikasikan Prinsip Sistem Hidraulik dalam Kehidupan SeharianMohd Shukri Suib
Tiga kalimat ringkasan dari dokumen tersebut:
Dokumen tersebut menjelaskan prinsip Pascal dalam pemindahan tekanan cecair secara merata dan contoh-contoh aplikasinya dalam sistem hidraulik seperti jek, brek mobil dan stereng kuasa. Prinsip ini melibatkan pemindahan tekanan yang sama dari omboh kecil ke omboh besar melalui cecair tanpa perubahan tekanan.
Jadual Kadar Harga Elektrik 2011 (JKH (E) 2011) memberi panduan penggunaan kadar harga untuk kerja-kerja elektrik seperti pendawaian, peralatan suis, peti agihan, dan peralatan pencahayaan. Ia juga menyediakan contoh perkiraan kos untuk kerja-kerja elektrik di luar Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur dengan mengambil kira tambahan peratusan mengikut lokasi.
This document outlines the key concepts and learning outcomes for a circuit theory course, including:
1) Explaining DC circuits using concepts like EMF, internal resistance, and potential dividers.
2) Analyzing DC circuits using Kirchhoff's laws to solve problems involving resistors, capacitors, and energy stored.
3) Describing resistance at a microscopic level and defining related concepts like resistivity and conductance.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang prinsip Pascal dan sistem hidraulik. Prinsip Pascal menyatakan bahwa tekanan yang dikenakan pada cecair akan dipindahkan secara seragam ke semua arah di dalam bekas tertutup. Sistem hidraulik menggunakan prinsip ini untuk memindahkan dan memantapkan daya melalui cecair hidraulik. Beberapa contoh soalan dan latihan penyelesaian masalah juga diberikan untuk mema
Dokumen tersebut memberikan informasi mengenai komponen elektronik LED dan perintang. Ia menjelaskan ciri-ciri dan cara kerja LED serta empat warnanya. Dokumen ini juga menyenaraikan jenis perintang dan cara membaca kod warna perintang untuk mengenalpasti nilai rintangannya. Ia juga menerangkan cara menggunakan reostat dan meter upaya dalam litar elektronik.
Dokumen ini membandingkan penilaian, pentaksiran, dan peperiksaan. Penilaian adalah proses mendapatkan maklumat untuk membuat keputusan, pentaksiran adalah proses mengumpul maklumat tentang pelajar oleh guru, dan peperiksaan adalah alat untuk mengukur prestasi pelajar. Dokumen ini juga memberikan contoh-contoh penilaian, pentaksiran, dan peperiksaan seperti latihan, lembaran kerja, dan u
1. Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang dua jenis bekalan elektrik, yaitu arus terus dan arus ulang alik.
2. Arus terus mempunyai magnitudo yang tetap sedangkan arus ulang alik magnitudonya berubah-ubah.
3. Dokumen tersebut juga menjelaskan konsep-konsep dasar seperti frekuensi, voltan puncak, voltan rms, dan cara mengukur parameter-parameter gelombang listrik.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang konsep keseimbangan daya dalam fisika, termasuk definisi keseimbangan daya, metode menghitung daya paduan, dan contoh soalan latihan. Dokumen ini menjelaskan bahwa suatu objek dalam keseimbangan daya apabila daya paduan yang bertindak padanya adalah nol, dan mendemonstrasikan cara menghitung daya paduan menggunakan metode segitiga dan segiempat.
Mengaplikasikan Prinsip Sistem Hidraulik dalam Kehidupan SeharianMohd Shukri Suib
Tiga kalimat ringkasan dari dokumen tersebut:
Dokumen tersebut menjelaskan prinsip Pascal dalam pemindahan tekanan cecair secara merata dan contoh-contoh aplikasinya dalam sistem hidraulik seperti jek, brek mobil dan stereng kuasa. Prinsip ini melibatkan pemindahan tekanan yang sama dari omboh kecil ke omboh besar melalui cecair tanpa perubahan tekanan.
Jadual Kadar Harga Elektrik 2011 (JKH (E) 2011) memberi panduan penggunaan kadar harga untuk kerja-kerja elektrik seperti pendawaian, peralatan suis, peti agihan, dan peralatan pencahayaan. Ia juga menyediakan contoh perkiraan kos untuk kerja-kerja elektrik di luar Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur dengan mengambil kira tambahan peratusan mengikut lokasi.
This document outlines the key concepts and learning outcomes for a circuit theory course, including:
1) Explaining DC circuits using concepts like EMF, internal resistance, and potential dividers.
2) Analyzing DC circuits using Kirchhoff's laws to solve problems involving resistors, capacitors, and energy stored.
3) Describing resistance at a microscopic level and defining related concepts like resistivity and conductance.
This document outlines the key concepts and learning outcomes for a circuit theory course, including:
1) Explaining DC circuits using concepts such as EMF, internal resistance, and potential dividers.
2) Analyzing DC circuits using Kirchhoff's laws to solve problems involving resistors, capacitors, and energy stored.
3) Describing resistance at a microscopic level and defining related concepts like resistivity and conductance.
This document outlines the key concepts and learning outcomes for a circuit theory course, including:
1) Explaining DC circuits using concepts like EMF, internal resistance, and potential dividers.
2) Analyzing DC circuits using Kirchhoff's laws to solve problems involving resistors, capacitors, and energy stored.
3) Describing resistance at a microscopic level and defining related concepts like resistivity and conductance.
This document outlines the key concepts and learning outcomes for a circuit theory course, including:
1) Explaining DC circuits using concepts like EMF, internal resistance, and potential dividers.
2) Analyzing DC circuits using Kirchhoff's laws to solve problems involving resistors, capacitors, and energy stored.
3) Describing resistance at a microscopic level and defining related concepts like resistivity and conductance.
This document outlines the key concepts and learning outcomes for a circuit theory course, including:
1) Explaining DC circuits using concepts like EMF, internal resistance, and potential dividers.
2) Analyzing DC circuits using Kirchhoff's laws to solve problems involving resistors, capacitors, and energy stored.
3) Giving a microscopic description of resistance in wires using concepts like resistivity and conductivity.
4) Covering related practical work using equipment like voltmeters and capacitors.
1) The document discusses DC fundamentals and circuits, covering topics like charge, current, voltage, power, energy, Ohm's law, and Kirchhoff's laws. It also covers basic circuit analysis using these principles.
2) Key concepts discussed include the definitions of current, voltage, resistance, and time constants. Kirchhoff's laws and Ohm's law are also summarized.
3) Examples are provided to demonstrate using these principles to solve circuits for unknown currents and voltages. Circuit analysis techniques like mesh current analysis and nodal voltage analysis are also mentioned.
- Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measures the impedance of electrical circuits and chemical systems as a function of frequency. It provides more detailed information than DC techniques alone.
- Impedance replaces resistance as a more general parameter that accounts for frequency-dependent behavior of circuit elements like capacitors and inductors. It is defined as the ratio of voltage to current.
- EIS experiments involve applying a small AC potential over a range of frequencies and measuring the current response. The impedance is calculated from these measurements and plotted on Nyquist and Bode plots for analysis.
- Equivalent circuit models consisting of electrical components like resistors and capacitors are used to model electrochemical systems and interpret EIS data
This PPT is made for class 10 students. It covers all the topics of CBSE curriculum. An interactive inforgraphic based demonstration for better understanding. Do ask questions for any confusion.
This document provides an introduction to basic electrical concepts including charge, current, voltage, resistors, and capacitors. It defines each concept, provides examples and analogies to explain them, and discusses how components such as resistors and capacitors are constructed and operate in electrical circuits. Key points covered include that charge is carried by electrons and protons, current is the flow of electrons, voltage is needed to push charge through a circuit, and resistors and capacitors can store and control the flow of electric charge and energy.
This document provides an introduction to key concepts related to electricity including charge, current, voltage, circuits, and circuit elements. It defines charge as the fundamental electric quantity carried by electrons and protons. Current is defined as the rate of flow of electrons through a conductor. Voltage is the potential difference required to move charge between two points. Analogies are provided between electric circuits and water flow. Key circuit elements like resistors and capacitors are introduced along with their symbols, units of measurement, and functions. Formulas for resistance, capacitance, and their characteristics are also outlined.
This document provides an introduction to basic electrical concepts including charge, current, voltage, resistors, and capacitors. It defines each concept, provides analogy examples, and explains measurement units. Key points include: charge is carried by electrons and protons; current is the rate of electron flow; voltage is the potential difference required to move charge; resistors limit current and dissipate power as heat; capacitors store electric potential energy and their capacitance depends on plate area, separation, and dielectric material. Diagrams and examples are provided to illustrate circuit connections and component operations.
- The document provides an overview of key concepts related to electric current and circuits, including Ohm's law, resistance, current, voltage, power, and Kirchhoff's laws.
- It defines key terms, formulas, and units such as amps, volts, ohms, watts, and explains relationships like current being directly proportional to voltage and inversely proportional to resistance.
- Examples are given of circuit calculations and different ways circuits can be connected, such as series and parallel, and how this affects equivalent resistance.
The document discusses Ohm's law, series and parallel circuits, and DC sources. It provides examples of calculating current, voltage, resistance and power in different circuit configurations. It also describes types of batteries including lead acid and solar cells. Internal resistance of cells is defined as opposition to current flow within the cell itself. Key factors that determine internal resistance are the surface area and distance between electrodes.
CBSE Class 10th Sample eBook, which helps you to understand the chapter in easy way also downaload sample papers and previous year papers and practice to solve the question on time. Download at www.misostudy.com.
Here are the key steps to solve series-parallel circuits:
1) Identify series and parallel sections
2) Use series/parallel rules within each section
3) Connect the sections using KVL and KCL
Let me know if any part of the process is unclear! Solving complex circuits takes practice.
These slides explain the topics mentioned in Chapter 1, part (a) of the course EE110-Basic Electrical and Electronics Engineering, prescribed for non-circuit branches of engineering at JSS Science & Technology University, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, Mysuru, India
1. The document discusses electricity, including electric charge, current, potential difference, and circuits. It defines key terms and concepts and provides examples of calculations.
2. Series and parallel circuits are analyzed and compared. Equations for current, voltage, and resistance in each type of circuit are provided.
3. The relationship between potential difference and current is explored through Ohm's Law. Factors that affect resistance are also described.
Lesson 2 - Ohm's Law and Resisitive Circuits 2.pptxJohnLarryCorpuz1
This document provides an overview of a lecture on Ohm's Law and resistive circuits. It introduces key concepts like Ohm's Law, power, energy, series and parallel resistive circuits. The objectives are to understand and apply Ohm's Law, define units of power and energy, calculate energy and power, recognize different circuit connections, and solve circuits to find currents and voltages. Example problems are provided and worked through on topics like series, parallel and series-parallel resistive circuits.
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically youngSérgio Sacani
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...Leonel Morgado
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
The cost of acquiring information by natural selectionCarl Bergstrom
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
PPT on Direct Seeded Rice presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdfSelcen Ozturkcan
Ozturkcan, S., Berndt, A., & Angelakis, A. (2024). Mending clothing to support sustainable fashion. Presented at the 31st Annual Conference by the Consortium for International Marketing Research (CIMaR), 10-13 Jun 2024, University of Gävle, Sweden.
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
The technology uses reclaimed CO₂ as the dyeing medium in a closed loop process. When pressurized, CO₂ becomes supercritical (SC-CO₂). In this state CO₂ has a very high solvent power, allowing the dye to dissolve easily.
3. Main ReferenceMain Reference
• Raymond A. Serway & John W. Jewett, Jr., Physics for
Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics, 9th Edition,
Brooks/Cole, 2014.
4. Electric Current
• The average current Iavg is equal to the
charge that passes through A per unit
time:
• The instantaneous current I as the limit of
the average current as ∆t → 0:
• The SI unit of current is the ampere (A): 1 A = 1 C/s1 A = 1 C/s
5. Microscopic Model of Current
• The total charge ∆Q in this segment is
• The average current in the conductor is
• where q is the charge, n is number of charge, vd is called the
drift speed - the speed of the charge, A is crossectional area.
7. Example
• The 12-gauge copper wire in a typical residential building has
a cross-sectional area of 3.31 x 1026
m2
. It carries a constant
current of 10.0 A. What is the drift speed of the electrons in
the wire? Assume each copper atom contributes one free
electron to the current. The density of copper is 8.92 g/cm3
.
8. Solution
• Use the molar mass and the density of copper to find the
volume of 1 mole of copper:
• The drift speed and substitute for the electron density:
9. Resistance
• Because current is
• Then, the current density, J:
• where the constant of proportionality σ is called the
conductivityconductivity.
Ohm’s law:
““For many materials (including most metals), the ratio ofFor many materials (including most metals), the ratio of
the current density to the electric field is a constantthe current density to the electric field is a constant σσ
that is independent of the electric field producing thethat is independent of the electric field producing the
current.”current.”
11. Color Coding for Resistors
• Most electric circuits use circuit elements called resistors to
control the current in the various parts of the circuit.
The inverse of conductivity is resistivity, ρ:
where ρ has the units
ohm meters (ohm meters (ΩΩ m).m).
12. Color Coding for Resistors
BlackBlack
BrownBrown
RedRed
OrangeOrange
YellowYellow
GreenGreen
BlueBlue
VioledVioled
GreyGrey
WhiteWhite
13. • The first band is yellow = 4, so the first digit is 4
• The second band is violet = 7, so the second digit
is 7
• The third band is red = 2, so the multiplier is 102
• Resistor value is, R = (47 x 102
± 5%) Ω.
Color Coding for Resistors
14. Quiz
• Answer: (b)
• Answer: (b)
If voltage increases, then I is
increase exponentially,exponentially, so R
is decrease.
A = πr2
IfIf rr && ll doubled,doubled, AA increase 4x whileincrease 4x while ll onlyonly
2x, then2x, then RR is decrease.is decrease.
15. The Resistance of Nichrome Wire
Example:
The radius of 22-gauge Nichrome wire is 0.32 mm.
• (A) Calculate the resistance per unit length of
this wire.
• (B) If a potential difference of 10 V is maintained
across a 1.0-m length of the Nichrome wire,
what is the current in the wire?
16. Solution
• (A) The resistance per unit lengthThe resistance per unit length:
• (B) TThe current in the wirehe current in the wire:
17. Electrical Power
• The electric potential energy of the system decreases as the
charge Q passes through the resistor:
• Power P, representing the rate at which energy is delivered to
the resistor, is
• SI unit of power is the watt (W).
18. Quiz
• For the two lightbulbs shown in Figure 27.13, rank the
current values at points a through f from greatest to
least.
Answer:
• IIaa = I= Ibb > I> Icc = I= Idd > I> Iee = I= Iff
19. Example
Power in an Electric HeaterPower in an Electric Heater
• An electric heater is constructed by applying a potential
difference of 120 V across a Nichrome wire that has a total
resistance of 8.00 V. Find the current carried by the wire and
the power rating of the heater.
ANSWER:
20. Example
Linking Electricity and
Thermodynamics
• An immersion heater must increase the temperature of 1.50
kg of water from 10.0°C to 50.0°C in 10.0 min while operating
at 110 V.
• (A) What is the required resistance of the heater?
• (B) Estimate the cost of heating the water.
21. Solution (A)
• An immersion heater must increase the temperature of 1.50
kg of water from 10.0°C to 50.0°C in 10.0 min while operating
at 110 V.
• (A) What is the required resistance of the heater?
22. Solution (B)
• An immersion heater must increase the temperature of 1.50
kg of water from 10.0°C to 50.0°C in 10.0 min while operating
at 110 V.
• (B) Estimate the cost of heating the water.
• If price of electric energy is 11¢ per kilowatt-hour:
23. Resistors inResistors in Series & ParallelSeries & Parallel
RReqeq: Equivalent resistance: Equivalent resistance
Parallel:Parallel:
SeriesSeries
ParallelParallel
24. Quiz
Answer: (b)
II == VV//RR11 (switch closed)(switch closed)
II == VV/(/(RR11++RR22) (switch open)) (switch open)
Then,Then,
II is decrease when switch openis decrease when switch open
25. Quiz
• a
Answer: (a)
RReqeq is smaller/decrease in parallel connection,is smaller/decrease in parallel connection,
so, currentso, current II will be increaseswill be increases..
31. Kirchhoff’s Rules
Kirchhoff’s rules:
Currents directed into the junction are rule as +Currents directed into the junction are rule as +II,,
whereas currents directed out of a junction are -whereas currents directed out of a junction are -II..
32. Kirchhoff’s Second Rules
• Charges move from the high-potentialCharges move from the high-potential
end of a resistor toward the low-end of a resistor toward the low-
potential endpotential end, a resistor is traversed in
the direction of the current, the
potential differencepotential difference: ∆V = -IR.
• If a resistor is traversed in the direction
opposite the current: ∆V = +IR.
• If a source of emf is traversed in the
direction of the emf (from negative to
positive): ∆V = +ε.
• If a source of emf is traversed in the
direction opposite of the emf (from
positive to negative): ∆V = -ε.