ABSTRACT:
Zedoary (Curcuma Zedoaria) is a rhizomatous herb, with various active ingredients including curcumin, berberine, hydrastine, canadline, zingiberine, dihydrocurdione, some volatile oils, and resins. It is used orally in traditional medicine for systemic uses as stomachic, tonic, laxative, antifungal, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory as well as in treatment of some stomach and liver diseases, or applied locally as poultice for skin lesions and eyes. In this case report, two young adult female patients with cardiovascular disorders (hypotension and bradyarrhythmias), caused by ingestion of an extract of Zedoary (overdose) were described. The most patient clinical issues were discussed. One patient died 24 hours after Zedoary ingestion despite aggressive supportive care. Symptoms of the other patient were resolved after giving calcium gluconate 10% and pressor agent infusions in addition to external pacing. In conclusion, ingestion of extracts of Zedoary may lead to symptoms and signs similar to toxicity with calcium channel blockers. It is recommended that, in addition to pressor agent infusions, 10% calcium gluconate intravenously must be administered as a specific therapy.
White turmeric (Curcuma zeodaria) is a plant native to South Asia that is used for both medicinal and culinary purposes. It contains curcuminoids and terpenoids that provide anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer benefits. Traditionally, white turmeric has been used to treat digestive issues, respiratory disorders, inflammation, cancer, and diabetes. Further research is still needed to fully understand its mechanisms of action and safety profile when used as a treatment.
This document discusses herbal therapy in veterinary medicine. It defines alternative and complementary medicine and lists several types including acupuncture, chiropractic, physical therapy, homeopathy, botanical medicine, and holistic veterinary medicine. Several popular herbal supplements used in veterinary medicine are described such as ginkgo, St. John's wort, ginseng, garlic, echinacea, saw palmetto, evening primrose, goldenseal, cranberry, and valerian. The document outlines factors affecting herb quality and forms. It provides general guidelines for herbal use in animals including using standardized products and avoiding herbs with known toxicities.
Modernization of unani pharmacy revitalization and reforms (1)ABDUL LATIF
This document discusses the need to modernize Unani pharmacy in India. It notes that while Ayurveda has seen more commercial success internationally, Unani medicine has lagged behind. The document calls for reforms including redesigning pharmacy education syllabi, adopting modern pharmaceutical manufacturing practices, developing new dosage forms like tablets, and reviving traditional dosage forms like nabeez. Proper modernization of Unani pharmacy through reforms, innovations, and adoption of good practices can help strengthen the system and increase its effectiveness and market potential.
This document provides an overview of Ayurveda, the traditional Indian system of medicine, and its potential applications in veterinary practice. Some key points include:
- Ayurveda takes a holistic approach focusing on balancing the doshas, dhatus, malas and agni in the body. Diagnosis examines physical signs, questioning, and touch. Treatment includes purification therapies and alleviating imbalanced doshas.
- Many Indian herbs have been shown to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial and other beneficial properties for conditions like arthritis, skin infections, and parasites. Herbs discussed include ashwagandha, boswellia, shilajit, guggul, gymnema,
This document discusses standards and parameters for evaluating vati (Ayurvedic tablet) formulations in Indian systems of medicine. It outlines organoleptic, phytochemical, physical, pharmaceutical, and disintegration testing parameters. Key points include testing for heavy metals, microbes, pesticides, and aflatoxins. Tablet properties like hardness, friability, thickness, weight variation, drug content, and content uniformity are evaluated. The document emphasizes the importance of accurate dosage and quality control for Ayurvedic tablet formulations.
This presentation intends to introduce about ayurvedic tablets known as gutikas or vatis. The content is suitable for undergraduate pharmacy students and high school science learners. It focusses on preparation and standardization. This topic is part of herbal drug technology of B.Pharmacy PCI curriculum.
This document discusses Ghanavati Kalpana, a type of solidified extract tablet used in Ayurvedic medicine. It begins by introducing Bhaishajya Kalpana, the branch of Ayurveda dealing with dosage forms. It then defines Ghanavati as an extractive tablet made by evaporating water from herbal solutions to produce a thick sticky mass that is rolled into pills. The document aims to establish Ghanavati as a superior dosage form by comparing it to powder and tablet forms. It finds Ghanavati more potent due to its smaller particle size and higher concentration of active phyto-constituents. It concludes Ghanavati is superior to powders and tablets
White turmeric (Curcuma zeodaria) is a plant native to South Asia that is used for both medicinal and culinary purposes. It contains curcuminoids and terpenoids that provide anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer benefits. Traditionally, white turmeric has been used to treat digestive issues, respiratory disorders, inflammation, cancer, and diabetes. Further research is still needed to fully understand its mechanisms of action and safety profile when used as a treatment.
This document discusses herbal therapy in veterinary medicine. It defines alternative and complementary medicine and lists several types including acupuncture, chiropractic, physical therapy, homeopathy, botanical medicine, and holistic veterinary medicine. Several popular herbal supplements used in veterinary medicine are described such as ginkgo, St. John's wort, ginseng, garlic, echinacea, saw palmetto, evening primrose, goldenseal, cranberry, and valerian. The document outlines factors affecting herb quality and forms. It provides general guidelines for herbal use in animals including using standardized products and avoiding herbs with known toxicities.
Modernization of unani pharmacy revitalization and reforms (1)ABDUL LATIF
This document discusses the need to modernize Unani pharmacy in India. It notes that while Ayurveda has seen more commercial success internationally, Unani medicine has lagged behind. The document calls for reforms including redesigning pharmacy education syllabi, adopting modern pharmaceutical manufacturing practices, developing new dosage forms like tablets, and reviving traditional dosage forms like nabeez. Proper modernization of Unani pharmacy through reforms, innovations, and adoption of good practices can help strengthen the system and increase its effectiveness and market potential.
This document provides an overview of Ayurveda, the traditional Indian system of medicine, and its potential applications in veterinary practice. Some key points include:
- Ayurveda takes a holistic approach focusing on balancing the doshas, dhatus, malas and agni in the body. Diagnosis examines physical signs, questioning, and touch. Treatment includes purification therapies and alleviating imbalanced doshas.
- Many Indian herbs have been shown to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial and other beneficial properties for conditions like arthritis, skin infections, and parasites. Herbs discussed include ashwagandha, boswellia, shilajit, guggul, gymnema,
This document discusses standards and parameters for evaluating vati (Ayurvedic tablet) formulations in Indian systems of medicine. It outlines organoleptic, phytochemical, physical, pharmaceutical, and disintegration testing parameters. Key points include testing for heavy metals, microbes, pesticides, and aflatoxins. Tablet properties like hardness, friability, thickness, weight variation, drug content, and content uniformity are evaluated. The document emphasizes the importance of accurate dosage and quality control for Ayurvedic tablet formulations.
This presentation intends to introduce about ayurvedic tablets known as gutikas or vatis. The content is suitable for undergraduate pharmacy students and high school science learners. It focusses on preparation and standardization. This topic is part of herbal drug technology of B.Pharmacy PCI curriculum.
This document discusses Ghanavati Kalpana, a type of solidified extract tablet used in Ayurvedic medicine. It begins by introducing Bhaishajya Kalpana, the branch of Ayurveda dealing with dosage forms. It then defines Ghanavati as an extractive tablet made by evaporating water from herbal solutions to produce a thick sticky mass that is rolled into pills. The document aims to establish Ghanavati as a superior dosage form by comparing it to powder and tablet forms. It finds Ghanavati more potent due to its smaller particle size and higher concentration of active phyto-constituents. It concludes Ghanavati is superior to powders and tablets
The document discusses the benefits and risks of traditional herbal medicine. It notes that while herbal medicines are more affordable and their natural ingredients may cause fewer side effects than pharmaceutical drugs, their dosages are not standardized and long term use or high dosages could potentially damage organs. It emphasizes that herbal medicines should be used preventatively, not to treat diseases, and that consumption should be stopped if symptoms don't improve after a few days. The document also warns that herbal medicines could interact negatively with other drugs and their safety has not been proven through clinical trials in the same way as pharmaceutical medicines. Overall, it suggests that while herbal medicines have some benefits, they also carry risks and should be consumed carefully and not as a
Ayurveda uses many medicinal herbs and spices in its treatment and preparations. Turmeric is one such spice with many medicinal properties and has been immensely praised in Ayurveda for its the medicinal, healing qualities. Turmeric finds its place in almost all Ayurvedic preparations related to liver and skin disorders. In this presentation you will learn about effects of turmeric on liver, skin, wounds, respiratory system & more.
to download this presentation form this link
https://mohmmed-ink.blogspot.com/2020/11/herbal-medicine.html
herbal medicine in Gaza .. use and side effect
this work first was done by a medic student in the islamic University .... because its a good work i shared it . and i never asked for the permission .... sorry
but this link will lead to the original one...
http://www.slideshare.net/FaToOoMaa/final-herbal-medicine
Arid And Semi Arid zone Mediinal Plants A Presentation By Mr Allah Dad Khan ...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
New arid zone Mediinal Plants A Presentation By Mr Allah Dad Khan Short training Course on "Medicinal and Aromatic Plants , Boon for Enterprise development March 24th to 26th March 2017 at PFI Peshawar
From ancient medical knowledge to the modern drug development in indiaBeena Negi
FROM ANCIENT MEDICAL KNOWLEDGE TO THE MODERN DRUG DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA, Traditional System of Medicine, Modern System of Medicine, Drugs Developed
in India
Swertia Chiretta, an important medicinal plant from Nepal, is being offered at 100 tons for $550/kg in Kathmandu. It contains phytochemicals like amarogentin, mangiferin, and swertiamarin that have anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and other therapeutic effects. It grows between 1200-3000m in the Himalayas and is used extensively in traditional South Asian and Chinese medicine to treat conditions like diabetes, fever, and liver problems. The whole plant is used and available cut into pieces weighing 60-80kg packed in jute sacks.
This document discusses herbal medicine in Cambodia. It provides background on the history and origins of herbal medicine, noting its use dating back 60,000 years. It outlines different forms of herbalism from China, India, and the West that have influenced Cambodia. Herbal medicine in Cambodia is administered based on "hot" and "cold" notions to balance the body and can involve plants, animals, or microorganisms. While herbal medicine is effective and accessible, it lacks regulation and standardized training for practitioners in Cambodia. The document concludes that herbal medicine should continue its use, but needs better governance to ensure safety.
Formulation development of ayurvedic medicinesSwati Wadhawan
The document discusses Ayurvedic formulations including Arishtas, Avalehas, Churnas, and Gutikas. It provides examples of common Ayurvedic medicines like Jirakadyarishta and Amritadi churna. It outlines the ingredients, manufacturing process, quality parameters for testing, therapeutic uses and dosages of these Ayurvedic formulations. Classical Ayurvedic formulations are prepared according to texts like Charaka Samhita while proprietary medicines are developed by companies. The quality of finished products is evaluated using organoleptic, physical, chemical and microbiological parameters.
The branch of herbal medicine that describes the potentials and limitations of herbal drugs in the treatment of human diseases and should be practiced by physicians trained in herbalism.
This document discusses Ayurvedic herbal formulations. It begins by providing background on Ayurveda, including its key principles of balancing the doshas (vata, pitta, kapha) and elements (air, fire, water, earth, space). It then categorizes Ayurvedic formulations into solid, semisolid, and liquid dosage forms. Several examples are provided for each type of formulation, including pills, powders, tablets, oils, plasters, and more. The document emphasizes the importance of formulations in making herbs compatible and increasing their shelf life. It provides details on evaluating formulations through taxonomic, organoleptic, microscopic, and other testing.
Living healthy is the prime motto of this era but increased use of antibiotics and immuno- suppressive drugs, sedentary life, the quality of life get affected. Many kalpas have been described in Rasashastra for the conservation of immunity, physical and pshycological state of the body. In the field Rasayana, Gandhaka holds top after Parada. It possess ‘Katu’ rasa, ‘Ushna’ virya and Pachaka karma. Sudha Gandhaka when consume for many days with suitable adjuvant will provide good eye sight and improves jataragni. It is a good Rasyana also. Acharya Charaka has described Rasayana as a means to promote vigor and health which is mainly virilific and promotive of vitality. In the eighth chapter of Rasatarangini mentions 10 Gandhaka Kalpas. By judicious use of these kalpas, the person attains divyadrishti (sharp eye sight), suvarna kaya (golden radiance in the body), virya (high virility) and shaurya (physical strength) even in aged persons, vajra kaya (sturdy body), cures vali and palita roga (hair fall and hair greying), and also cures many of the chronic Kaphaja, Vataja and Pittaja rogas.
A study on current marketed formulation of unani medicine used in the treatme...pharmaindexing
This document discusses a study on current Unani formulations used to treat diabetes (Zayabetus). It begins by providing background on Unani medicine and defining the two types of diabetes. It then describes several popular Unani formulations used for diabetes treatment, including Diab-Eaze, Dolabi tablets, Herbo Diabecon, Gurmar capsules, Neem capsules, and Fenugreek capsules. For each formulation, it provides the ingredients, indications, dosage, and other details. The document aims to analyze commonly used Unani medications for diabetes and their compositions.
Herbs can be used for both culinary and medicinal purposes. Herbal medicine originated from early humans using plants to treat illnesses. Garlic and ginger have a long history of use in traditional Chinese, Ayurvedic, and other medicines to treat various conditions. Modern research has found that garlic contains compounds like allicin that have anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory effects. Ginkgo biloba extract contains flavonoids and terpenoids that may have cognitive benefits and antioxidant properties. Herbs like garlic, ginger, ginkgo biloba and others continue to be areas of research interest for their potential health benefits.
Herbal medicine
Posted on กุมภาพันธ์ 4, 2013 by nichpk
PowerPoint handout for Drug in daily life for accountancy and Management student (international).
: Herbal medicine
Download link :Herbal medicine
This document provides an overview of various traditional Indian systems of medicine, including Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani, and Homeopathy. It describes the origins, basic principles, diagnosis methods, and treatment approaches of each system. Ayurveda is the oldest and is based on balancing the doshas (vata, pitta, kapha). Siddha originated in Tamil culture and also uses the concepts of triguna. Unani originated in Greece and is based on humoral pathology. Homeopathy was developed by Samuel Hahnemann and uses the principle of treating like with like. Each system makes use of herbal and mineral medicines alongside other therapies.
Phytomedicine uses medicinal plants for healthcare and differs from traditional Chinese medicine by not combining herbs with acupuncture. Phytomedicine is rooted in scientific research on plant extracts and their active compounds. The Central Drug Research Institute in India developed an enriched extract of Bacopa monniera called BESEB that contains standardized levels of bacosides shown to improve memory, focus, and stress. BESEB works by increasing nitric oxide and neurotransmitters in the brain. It is recommended to take one BESEB capsule twice daily for at least three months to significantly benefit memory, attention, and anxiety.
This document provides information on herbs and herbal medicine. It defines an herb as any plant used for flavoring, food, medicine or perfume. It describes ways to identify herbs based on flower color, growing conditions, texture and root system. The document discusses herbal medicine as the oldest and most widely used medical system, and explains that many modern drugs are derived from plants. It compares herbal medicine to allopathic or modern medicine, noting herbs' safety, cultural acceptance and fewer side effects, while also acknowledging potential risks if not used properly.
ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF HABBATUS SAUDA (Nigella sativa L.):...NimahAlnemari1
Modern research has proven many benefits that can be obtained from the substances contained in habbatus sauda (Bamusa & Hujaj, 2011). N. sativa L. can be used as a pharmacological remedy or as a food additive, with many beneficial effects including antibacterial activity. Commonly, N. sativa L. has been used in the Middle East, Northern Africa, and India for centuries to treat asthma, cough, bronchitis, headache, rheumatism, fever, influenza and eczema, and they are frequently used as a condiment in bread and other dishes
The document summarizes the actions, medicinal uses, side effects, doses, chemistry, functions, toxicity, and drug interactions of four different herbs: Hawthorn, Garlic, Ginger, and Milk Thistle. Hawthorn has cardio-protective properties and is traditionally used for heart problems. Garlic has lipid-lowering and antihypertensive effects and is used to treat infections and prevent cancer/stroke. Ginger has anti-inflammatory and digestive properties and is used for motion sickness and arthritis. Milk Thistle supports liver regeneration and is used for liver damage from toxins, alcohol, or fatty liver.
The document discusses the benefits and risks of traditional herbal medicine. It notes that while herbal medicines are more affordable and their natural ingredients may cause fewer side effects than pharmaceutical drugs, their dosages are not standardized and long term use or high dosages could potentially damage organs. It emphasizes that herbal medicines should be used preventatively, not to treat diseases, and that consumption should be stopped if symptoms don't improve after a few days. The document also warns that herbal medicines could interact negatively with other drugs and their safety has not been proven through clinical trials in the same way as pharmaceutical medicines. Overall, it suggests that while herbal medicines have some benefits, they also carry risks and should be consumed carefully and not as a
Ayurveda uses many medicinal herbs and spices in its treatment and preparations. Turmeric is one such spice with many medicinal properties and has been immensely praised in Ayurveda for its the medicinal, healing qualities. Turmeric finds its place in almost all Ayurvedic preparations related to liver and skin disorders. In this presentation you will learn about effects of turmeric on liver, skin, wounds, respiratory system & more.
to download this presentation form this link
https://mohmmed-ink.blogspot.com/2020/11/herbal-medicine.html
herbal medicine in Gaza .. use and side effect
this work first was done by a medic student in the islamic University .... because its a good work i shared it . and i never asked for the permission .... sorry
but this link will lead to the original one...
http://www.slideshare.net/FaToOoMaa/final-herbal-medicine
Arid And Semi Arid zone Mediinal Plants A Presentation By Mr Allah Dad Khan ...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
New arid zone Mediinal Plants A Presentation By Mr Allah Dad Khan Short training Course on "Medicinal and Aromatic Plants , Boon for Enterprise development March 24th to 26th March 2017 at PFI Peshawar
From ancient medical knowledge to the modern drug development in indiaBeena Negi
FROM ANCIENT MEDICAL KNOWLEDGE TO THE MODERN DRUG DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA, Traditional System of Medicine, Modern System of Medicine, Drugs Developed
in India
Swertia Chiretta, an important medicinal plant from Nepal, is being offered at 100 tons for $550/kg in Kathmandu. It contains phytochemicals like amarogentin, mangiferin, and swertiamarin that have anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and other therapeutic effects. It grows between 1200-3000m in the Himalayas and is used extensively in traditional South Asian and Chinese medicine to treat conditions like diabetes, fever, and liver problems. The whole plant is used and available cut into pieces weighing 60-80kg packed in jute sacks.
This document discusses herbal medicine in Cambodia. It provides background on the history and origins of herbal medicine, noting its use dating back 60,000 years. It outlines different forms of herbalism from China, India, and the West that have influenced Cambodia. Herbal medicine in Cambodia is administered based on "hot" and "cold" notions to balance the body and can involve plants, animals, or microorganisms. While herbal medicine is effective and accessible, it lacks regulation and standardized training for practitioners in Cambodia. The document concludes that herbal medicine should continue its use, but needs better governance to ensure safety.
Formulation development of ayurvedic medicinesSwati Wadhawan
The document discusses Ayurvedic formulations including Arishtas, Avalehas, Churnas, and Gutikas. It provides examples of common Ayurvedic medicines like Jirakadyarishta and Amritadi churna. It outlines the ingredients, manufacturing process, quality parameters for testing, therapeutic uses and dosages of these Ayurvedic formulations. Classical Ayurvedic formulations are prepared according to texts like Charaka Samhita while proprietary medicines are developed by companies. The quality of finished products is evaluated using organoleptic, physical, chemical and microbiological parameters.
The branch of herbal medicine that describes the potentials and limitations of herbal drugs in the treatment of human diseases and should be practiced by physicians trained in herbalism.
This document discusses Ayurvedic herbal formulations. It begins by providing background on Ayurveda, including its key principles of balancing the doshas (vata, pitta, kapha) and elements (air, fire, water, earth, space). It then categorizes Ayurvedic formulations into solid, semisolid, and liquid dosage forms. Several examples are provided for each type of formulation, including pills, powders, tablets, oils, plasters, and more. The document emphasizes the importance of formulations in making herbs compatible and increasing their shelf life. It provides details on evaluating formulations through taxonomic, organoleptic, microscopic, and other testing.
Living healthy is the prime motto of this era but increased use of antibiotics and immuno- suppressive drugs, sedentary life, the quality of life get affected. Many kalpas have been described in Rasashastra for the conservation of immunity, physical and pshycological state of the body. In the field Rasayana, Gandhaka holds top after Parada. It possess ‘Katu’ rasa, ‘Ushna’ virya and Pachaka karma. Sudha Gandhaka when consume for many days with suitable adjuvant will provide good eye sight and improves jataragni. It is a good Rasyana also. Acharya Charaka has described Rasayana as a means to promote vigor and health which is mainly virilific and promotive of vitality. In the eighth chapter of Rasatarangini mentions 10 Gandhaka Kalpas. By judicious use of these kalpas, the person attains divyadrishti (sharp eye sight), suvarna kaya (golden radiance in the body), virya (high virility) and shaurya (physical strength) even in aged persons, vajra kaya (sturdy body), cures vali and palita roga (hair fall and hair greying), and also cures many of the chronic Kaphaja, Vataja and Pittaja rogas.
A study on current marketed formulation of unani medicine used in the treatme...pharmaindexing
This document discusses a study on current Unani formulations used to treat diabetes (Zayabetus). It begins by providing background on Unani medicine and defining the two types of diabetes. It then describes several popular Unani formulations used for diabetes treatment, including Diab-Eaze, Dolabi tablets, Herbo Diabecon, Gurmar capsules, Neem capsules, and Fenugreek capsules. For each formulation, it provides the ingredients, indications, dosage, and other details. The document aims to analyze commonly used Unani medications for diabetes and their compositions.
Herbs can be used for both culinary and medicinal purposes. Herbal medicine originated from early humans using plants to treat illnesses. Garlic and ginger have a long history of use in traditional Chinese, Ayurvedic, and other medicines to treat various conditions. Modern research has found that garlic contains compounds like allicin that have anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory effects. Ginkgo biloba extract contains flavonoids and terpenoids that may have cognitive benefits and antioxidant properties. Herbs like garlic, ginger, ginkgo biloba and others continue to be areas of research interest for their potential health benefits.
Herbal medicine
Posted on กุมภาพันธ์ 4, 2013 by nichpk
PowerPoint handout for Drug in daily life for accountancy and Management student (international).
: Herbal medicine
Download link :Herbal medicine
This document provides an overview of various traditional Indian systems of medicine, including Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani, and Homeopathy. It describes the origins, basic principles, diagnosis methods, and treatment approaches of each system. Ayurveda is the oldest and is based on balancing the doshas (vata, pitta, kapha). Siddha originated in Tamil culture and also uses the concepts of triguna. Unani originated in Greece and is based on humoral pathology. Homeopathy was developed by Samuel Hahnemann and uses the principle of treating like with like. Each system makes use of herbal and mineral medicines alongside other therapies.
Phytomedicine uses medicinal plants for healthcare and differs from traditional Chinese medicine by not combining herbs with acupuncture. Phytomedicine is rooted in scientific research on plant extracts and their active compounds. The Central Drug Research Institute in India developed an enriched extract of Bacopa monniera called BESEB that contains standardized levels of bacosides shown to improve memory, focus, and stress. BESEB works by increasing nitric oxide and neurotransmitters in the brain. It is recommended to take one BESEB capsule twice daily for at least three months to significantly benefit memory, attention, and anxiety.
This document provides information on herbs and herbal medicine. It defines an herb as any plant used for flavoring, food, medicine or perfume. It describes ways to identify herbs based on flower color, growing conditions, texture and root system. The document discusses herbal medicine as the oldest and most widely used medical system, and explains that many modern drugs are derived from plants. It compares herbal medicine to allopathic or modern medicine, noting herbs' safety, cultural acceptance and fewer side effects, while also acknowledging potential risks if not used properly.
ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF HABBATUS SAUDA (Nigella sativa L.):...NimahAlnemari1
Modern research has proven many benefits that can be obtained from the substances contained in habbatus sauda (Bamusa & Hujaj, 2011). N. sativa L. can be used as a pharmacological remedy or as a food additive, with many beneficial effects including antibacterial activity. Commonly, N. sativa L. has been used in the Middle East, Northern Africa, and India for centuries to treat asthma, cough, bronchitis, headache, rheumatism, fever, influenza and eczema, and they are frequently used as a condiment in bread and other dishes
The document summarizes the actions, medicinal uses, side effects, doses, chemistry, functions, toxicity, and drug interactions of four different herbs: Hawthorn, Garlic, Ginger, and Milk Thistle. Hawthorn has cardio-protective properties and is traditionally used for heart problems. Garlic has lipid-lowering and antihypertensive effects and is used to treat infections and prevent cancer/stroke. Ginger has anti-inflammatory and digestive properties and is used for motion sickness and arthritis. Milk Thistle supports liver regeneration and is used for liver damage from toxins, alcohol, or fatty liver.
Kanker serviks adalah tumor ganas di leher rahim yang dapat menyebar ke organ lain dan menyebabkan kematian. Penyakit ini disebabkan oleh infeksi Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) dan merupakan penyebab kematian nomor satu bagi perempuan di Indonesia. Deteksi dini melalui tes IVA setiap 5 tahun dan vaksinasi HPV dapat mencegah kanker serviks.
This document provides information on turmeric production including the plant characteristics, propagation through presprouting and transplanting, growing in containers or soil, fertilization, harvesting, and marketing. Key aspects covered are that turmeric requires warm temperatures and 4-6 months to mature, presprouting improves yields, and regular fertilization and watering are important for high turmeric production. The document also outlines some culinary and medicinal uses of turmeric.
This document discusses ergot alkaloids, which are compounds produced by a fungus that grows on rye and other grains. It causes ergotism or "St. Anthony's fire" in humans. The fungus produces compounds that act on receptors like dopamine, serotonin, and alpha-adrenergic receptors. Ergot alkaloids are used to treat migraines by constricting blood vessels and stimulating uterine muscles. They are also used to prevent postpartum hemorrhage. Compounds derived from ergot alkaloids include LSD, ergotamine, methysergide, and bromocriptine.
Turmeric is commonly used as a spice in cooking and has many potential health benefits. It contains curcumin and other curcuminoids that act as powerful antioxidants and may help treat arthritis, cancer, liver and heart conditions. Curcumin can reduce inflammation, break down amyloid plaques associated with Alzheimer's, and help treat depression by modulating neurotransmitters. Turmeric is generally well tolerated but high doses may cause side effects like bleeding risk when combined with blood thinners or hypoglycemia. More research is still needed on its mechanisms and effectiveness for various diseases.
This document summarizes a study of CEO succession events among the largest 100 U.S. corporations between 2005-2015. The study analyzed executives who were passed over for the CEO role ("succession losers") and their subsequent careers. It found that 74% of passed over executives left their companies, with 30% eventually becoming CEOs elsewhere. However, companies led by succession losers saw average stock price declines of 13% over 3 years, compared to gains for companies whose CEO selections remained unchanged. The findings suggest that boards generally identify the most qualified CEO candidates, though differences between internal and external hires complicate comparisons.
This document discusses the classification of natural products. It describes how natural substances can be classified based on their source and whether they have undergone processing. Crude drugs are described as natural substances that have only undergone collection and drying. Various methods for classifying crude drugs are outlined, including morphological, taxonomic, pharmacological, chemical, and chemo-taxonomic approaches. Specific examples of carbohydrates, glycosides, alkaloids, and other chemical groups are provided to illustrate chemical classification of natural products.
This document summarizes a presentation on nephroprotective plants. It discusses how nephrotoxicity can damage the kidneys and outlines several plants that may help protect the kidneys, including ginger, black cumin, ginseng, and papaya. Each plant is described in terms of its traditional uses and active chemical constituents that have shown nephroprotective effects in studies. The conclusion states that while several plants studied have demonstrated nephroprotective activity, more scientific evidence is still needed to validate claims about other plants' potential kidney protective effects.
Study of Medicinal Plant of Bangladesh ( lab).pptxANIMELOVERS52
The document discusses the study of medicinal plants in Bangladesh and provides details on four plants: Punarnava, Sarpagandha, Ulatkambal, and Nayantara. It describes the botanical name, chemical constituents, traditional medicinal properties and uses of each plant. More research is still needed to fully understand the pharmacological effects and proper dosage of these plants. Their use should be carefully monitored by healthcare professionals.
Pharmacovigilance is the science of monitoring the effects of pharmaceutical products after they have been licensed for use, especially in order to identify and evaluate previously unreported adverse reactions. Herbal medicines are traditionally viewed as safe due to their natural origins, but reports have shown several herbs can cause adverse reactions. Systematic pharmacovigilance of herbal medicines is needed to build a reliable understanding of their safety and inform guidelines for their safe use. Problems encountered include herbs containing undeclared drug ingredients, misidentification of plant species, and interactions between herbs and conventional drugs.
Nerium indicum, commonly known as karaveera, is a poisonous plant used in Ayurvedic medicine. It contains toxic compounds like oleandrin but is used to treat conditions like worms, itching, and skin diseases when processed properly. The plant grows widely in South Asia and its roots, leaves, and flowers are used medicinally after processing like swedana to remove toxicity. While it has therapeutic effects at proper doses, consuming large amounts can cause vomiting, diarrhea, and even death from cardiac failure. Both Ayurvedic and modern treatments focus on decontamination and supportive care in case of poisoning.
This document discusses the importance of pharmacovigilance for herbal medications. It notes that herbal medicines are widely used globally but can also cause adverse reactions. A systematic approach to monitoring the safety of herbal medicines is needed to understand their risks and benefits. The challenges include regulating herbal medicines, ensuring quality control, monitoring safety, and standardized identification of herbal ingredients. Pharmacovigilance practices can help evaluate potential adverse effects, identify safety issues, and promote the safe use of herbal therapies.
Natures way to Health produces and markets herbal health products originating from India. It has over 15 years of experience in human healthcare and has registered and distributed about 30 herbal products in Ukraine. The company aims to introduce more people to the benefits of herbal medicine, expand its business area and market share, and maintain high product quality. Its products address issues like cough, immunity, energy, stress, colds, kidneys, joints, bones, heart, and liver.
This document discusses the various sources of information used to develop homoeopathic materia medica. The primary source is provings conducted on healthy human volunteers, where symptoms experienced after ingesting substances are recorded. Other sources include empirical use in traditional medicine, the doctrine of signatures relating physical properties to symptoms, accidental discoveries, toxicological effects, and clinical observations of symptoms experienced by patients. Proving methodology aims to gather reliable symptom pictures through double-blind trials, with standardized preparation and screening of volunteers.
1) Herbal medicines are widely used globally but can cause adverse drug reactions. Pharmacovigilance, or monitoring the safety of medicines, is important for herbal drugs.
2) Challenges in herbal pharmacovigilance include regulation, quality control, and recording identities due to chemical complexity of herbs. Adverse reactions must be reported using forms submitted to regulatory authorities.
3) The WHO established guidelines for herbal pharmacovigilance to build safety information and protect public health. Improved monitoring can restore confidence in herbal medicines.
The document discusses oleandrin, the main toxic compound found in the plant Nerium oleander. It provides background on oleandrin's toxicity, structure, mechanism of action, and medical importance. While oleandrin is highly toxic and can be fatal, it is also under investigation for potential uses in cancer treatment and neuroprotection. However, its narrow therapeutic range and potential for drug interactions pose issues. The document also covers oleandrin's traditional uses in folk medicine, industrial applications, and current research developments regarding its medical potential.
Management of poison(Emergency Medicine)kalyan ram
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This document discusses antidiabetic drugs derived from natural sources. It begins by defining diabetes mellitus and describing its types and symptoms. It then discusses various plant-based treatments for diabetes from regions like India, including Gymnema sylvestre, Momordica charantia, Pterocarpus marsupium, Syzygium cumini, and Zingiber officinalis. It outlines mechanisms of action for herbal treatments and recent developments in plant-derived antidiabetic drugs. The document provides information on antidiabetic compounds and properties of several medicinal plants.
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The document summarizes the phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of a poly herbal formulation. It begins with an introduction to antioxidants and their importance. It then describes the objective to investigate the pharmacological screening of ethanol and aqueous extracts of the polyherbal drug to justify its use as an antioxidant. The document outlines the various materials, extraction methods, and assays used to evaluate the antioxidant activity including hydrogen peroxide scavenging, reducing power, nitric oxide scavenging, and DPPH free radical scavenging activities. The results of these assays on the ethanolic extract showed significant free radical scavenging and antioxidant activity. The conclusion states that the polyherbal formulation is a potential source of natural antioxidants that could
Herbs and herbal remedies have been used for centuries to treat various ailments. The document discusses the history of herbal medicine and examines some popular herbs such as garlic, St. John's wort, and ginkgo biloba. While herbal remedies can provide health benefits, it is important to check with a certified herbalist or doctor due to potential side effects and drug interactions. Locating a certified herbalist through organizations like NCCAM or Mayo Clinic can help ensure safe and effective use of herbal supplements.
Sex prediction using foramen magnum and occipital condyles computed tomograph...Usama Mohamed El-Barrany
Abstract
Sex determination is important in establishing the identity of an individual. The foramen magnum is an important landmark of the skull base. The present research aimed to study the value of foramen magnum measurements to determine sex using computed tomography (CT) among Sudanese individuals.
Foramen magnum CT scans of 400 Sudanese individuals (200 males and 200 females) aged 18 - 83 years were included in this study. Foramen magnum (length and width), right occipital condyle (length and width), left occipital condyle (length and width), minimum intercondylar distance, maximum bicondylar distance and maximum medial intercondylar distance were measured. All data were subjected to discriminant functions analysis.
All nine measurements were significantly higher in males than females. Among these measurements, the right condyle length, minimum intercondylar distance and foramen magnum width were able to determine sex in Sudanese individuals with an accuracy
rate of 83 %.
Keywords: Forensic Science, Forensic Anthropology,
Foramen Magnum, Computed Tomography, Discriminate Functional Analysis, Sudanese Population.
Blood biomarkers of smoking induced oxidative dna damage and oxidant-antioxidantUsama Mohamed El-Barrany
Abstract
Background: Smoking enhances oxidative stress by causing an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants in the body leading to deleterious effects on various tissues. 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is a predominant form and a biomarker of free radical-induced oxidative lesions. This study aimed to estimate blood 8-OHdG level as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage in active, passive as well as non-smokers and to assess its relation with lifestyle determinants as well as its effects on oxidant/antioxidant status.
Results: There were highly statistically significant higher levels of 8-OHdG, cotinine and malondialdehyde (MDA) and lower levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in active smokers compared to both passive and non-smokers with no similar findings between the latter groups. There were no significant associations between 8-OHdG level and smoking habits, age, exercise, tea and coffee consumption as well as body mass index (BMI) among the 3 studied groups.
Conclusion: Smoking may induce oxidative stress not only through increasing the production of oxygen free radicals but also through weakening of the antioxidant defense mechanisms. Further studies are required to reach a concurrence on the background of 8-OHdG level.
Keywords: Smoking, Oxidative, Stress, Antioxidant, 8-OHdG.
Effect of iv magnesium sulphate on atropine and oxime usage in acute organoph...Usama Mohamed El-Barrany
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Organophosphates are widely used in agriculture as pesticides, in industry as softening agents and additives to lubricants. They are also used as household chemicals, allowing many opportunities for acute poisoning, as well as for occupational use. Besides, organophosphates being nerve agents are used in military setting or in terrorist attacks.
Organophosphates self-poisoning is an important clinical problem in rural regions of the developing world, and kills an estimated 200 000 people every year. Unintentional poisoning kills far fewer people but is a problem in places where highly toxic organophosphates pesticides are available.
PATIENTS AND METHODS:
A comparative study in which IV magnesium sulphate was given in a dose of 1g/6 hrs for 24 hrs to 50 patients acutely intoxicated with organophosphate who are treated with atropine and oximes (group I) and compared to 50 patients who are not given IV magnesium sulphate who are treated with atropine and oximes then atropine use and oxime use in the two groups are compared.
RESULTS:
Comparison between the control and the group which took magnesium sulphate showed a statistical significant difference between the 2 groups in the atropine and the oxime use (p<0.05).
CONCLUSION:
Magnesium sulphate decreases atropine and oxime use in acute organophosphate toxicity. Such information may in turn guide clinical practice to the use of magnesium sulphate in acute organophosphate toxicity and so more studies should be done to confirm this findings.
Keywords: Magnesium sulphate – acute organophosphate toxicity- – atropine use-oxime use
Effect of intravenous magnesium sulphate on mortality rate in acute organopho...Usama Mohamed El-Barrany
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Organophosphates are widely used in agriculture as pesticides, in industry and as household chemicals, allowing many opportunities for acute poisoning, as well as for occupational use. Besides, organophosphates being nerve agents are used in military setting or in terrorist attacks
Fifty years after first use, we still do not know what the optimum treatment for organophosphate toxicity is. Small studies suggest benefit from new treatments such as magnesium sulphate, but much larger trials are needed. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of IV magnesium sulphate on mortality rate in acute organophosphate toxicity.
PATIENTS AND METHODS:
A comparative study in which iv magnesium sulphate was given in a dose of 1g/6hrs for 24hrs to 50 patients acutely intoxicated with organophosphate who are treated with atropine and oximes (group I) and compared to 50 patients who are not given iv magnesium sulphate who are treated with atropine and oximes then mortality rate in the two groups are compared.
RESULTS:
Comparison between the control and the group which took magnesium sulphate showed a statistical significant difference between the 2 groups in the mortality rate (p<0.05).
CONCLUSION:
Magnesium sulphate decreases mortality rate in acute organophosphate toxicity .Such information may in turn guide clinical practice to the use of magnesium sulphate in acute organophosphate toxicity and so more studies should be done to confirm this findings.
Keywords: Magnesium sulphate – acute organophosphate toxicity- – mortality rate
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Abstract
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SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A comparative invitro study was performed, in which blood samples were collected from 40 healthy individuals. Erythrocyte membranes were separated from blood of the different samples, and then erythrocyte membranes from each sample were subdivided into 4 groups: group (1) is considered as a control group, group (2) incubation of erythrocyte membranes with vitamin E, group (3) incubation of erythrocyte membranes with L carnitine and group (4) incubation of erythrocyte membranes with vitamin E and L carnitine. Acetylcholine esterase was measured spectrophotometrically, and its levels were evaluated in these groups.
RESULTS: Comparison between the acetylcholine esterase levels in the control group and the other groups showed highest level of the enzyme in the (Vit. E + L carnitine) group without a statistically significant difference (p >0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that the best protective role for erythrocyte membrane acetylcholine esterase was achieved when both L carnitine and vitamin E were added.
Keywords: Acetylcholine esterase – erythrocyte membrane - Vitamin E – L Carnitine
Aspartame-induced Toxicity on Human Erythrocyte Membrane Acetylcholine estera...Usama Mohamed El-Barrany
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5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT or Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that serves a range of roles in the human body. It is sometimes referred to as the happy chemical since it promotes overall well-being and happiness.
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5-HT is utilised to transport messages between nerve cells, is known to be involved in smooth muscle contraction, and adds to overall well-being and pleasure, among other benefits. 5-HT regulates the body's sleep-wake cycles and internal clock by acting as a precursor to melatonin.
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Curcuma zedoaria ppt
1.
2. Zedoary-Induced
Cardiovascular Disorders
case report
Usama M. El-Barrany*
Magdy A. Ismail**
Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department,
Faculty of Medicine, Cairo* and Al-Azhar
“Boys” ** Universities
4. intoduction
• Many people use traditional remedies as a
first line medication.
• Some herbal toxicity is predictable, based on
known botanical content.
• Many other adverse effects are idiosyncratic
or not commonly appreciated.
• Zedoary (Curcuma Zedoaria) is one of these
commonly used herbs.
6. Zedoary (Curcuma Zedoaria)
• Species: Curcuma zedoaria.
• Family: Zingiberaceae (ginger family).
• Origin: The plant is native to India and Indonesia.
but today is widely cultivated in India, South-East
Asia and China.
• It was introduced to Europe by Arabs around the
sixth century.
• Etymology: The European names for zedoary
originate from Arabic jadwār and Farsi zedwaar.
7. Zedoary (Curcuma Zedoaria)
• Characteristics:
• A rhizomatous herb with a 6-foot tall leafy stem.
• The leaves are 1 foot long and 3 inches across.
• The flowers are white or yellowish with a lip that is pale
yellow-shaded, with a deeper yellow color near the base.
• The fruits have 3-valved capsules.
• The rhizome is short, firm, and of externally wrinkled
gray, ash-colored appearance, but with a brownish red
color from the inside.
11. Zedoary (Curcuma Zedoaria)
• Active ingredients:
• Curcumin, berberine, hydrastine, canadline,
zingiberine, dihydrocurdione, ar-turmerone,
beta-turmerone, some volatile oils, and resins.
• The highest concentrations of these
constituents are in the root (rhizomes), the
lowest, in the leaves and stem.
12. Zedoary (Curcuma Zedoaria)
• Uses: The used part is the rhizomes.
• Food:
• It has a fragrant smell (more similar to ginger, except
with a very bitter taste).
• Due to its bitter taste, its use as a spice today is rare,
having been replaced by ginger.
• Although it is seldom used today as an individual
spice, it may be employed in spice mixtures.
13. Zedoary (Curcuma Zedoaria)
• Food:
• In Indonesia & Thailand, the young rhizomes
are often eaten as an aromatic vegetable,
zedoary can also be ground to a powder and
added to curry pastes.
• In India, it tends to be used fresh or in
pickling.
14. Zedoary (Curcuma Zedoaria)
• Medicinal uses:
• Zedoary is used in the form of powdered root,
tincture, fluid and solid extract; the medicinal
substance obtained has a fragrant smell, and a warm
bitter aromatic taste.
• It is much used as a medicine in China and Japan. It
has been used as an antivenom for the Indian cobra.
• It has been also used in traditional eastern medicines
to help digestion, relieve colic, as a laxative,
antifungal, analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent.
15. Zedoary (Curcuma Zedoaria)
• Medicinal uses:
• Dihydrocurdione, the major component of Zedoary has
anti-inflammatory potency related to its antioxidant
effect.
• The anti-inflammatory and cancer chemopreventive
effect of some components of Zedoary might be due to
decreased prostaglandin and nitric oxide production
through respective inhibition of cyclooygenase 2 (COX-
2) and nitric oxide synthase, which have been
implicated as important mediators in the processes of
inflammation and carcinogenesis.
16. Zedoary (Curcuma Zedoaria)
• Medicinal uses:
• Zedoarin, kurdiona and kurkumol are substances that
can be also found in Zedoary.
• These substances have anti-neoplastic functions
through breaking ribosome formation in cancer cells
and wild tissue.
• They enhance the formation of fibroblast tissue around
the cancer and form a layer of lymphocytes in the cells
of cancer & wrap it.
• So, the tissue cells of cancer can not grow, eventually
the cancer cells will die.
17. Zedoary (Curcuma Zedoaria)
• Medicinal uses:
• Zedoary has been used to treat some liver and
coronary heart disease.
• It has been used to treat anemia, prevent
leukopenia due to cancer therapies and as an
agent for purifying the blood.
• It has been also applied locally as poultice for
skin lesions and eyes.
18. Zedoary (Curcuma Zedoaria)
• Others:
• The essential oil produced from the dried
roots of Zedoary is used in perfumery as well
as an ingredient in bitter tonics.
19. Zedoary (Curcuma Zedoaria)
• On the other hand, a protein flour,
prepared from rhizomes of Zedoary ,
proved to be highly toxic to 5-week-old rats
and caused 100% mortality within 6 days
when given at 320 g/kg diet.
• When a meal formed of fresh minced and
dried rhizomes of Zedoary was given to
weanling rats at 400 g/kg diet, all the
animals lost weight rapidly, and two of the
five rats died within 4 days.
21. Case Report
• This study describes 2 cases of Zedoary-induced
bradyarrhythmias and severe
prolonged hypotension (during our work in
Center of Poison Control and Clinical Forensic
Chemistry, in Holy Makkah region, Saudi
Arabia).
23. CASE I
• A 20-year-old woman was admitted to Al-noor
special hospital in Holy Makkah region, Saudi
Arabia at 3/11/2003 after ingestion of an
unknown quantity of Zedoary extract to reduce
pain (the history was taken from her father).
• On admission, she was unresponsive except for
painful stimuli, with diaphoresis, cyanosis, and
respiratory depression.
• Pupils were slightly dilated; systolic blood
pressure was 50 mmHg, with a third degree heart
block and a ventricular rate 40 beats/minute.
24. CASE I
• Following intubation, gastric lavage was done,
and activated charcoal was given 3 times (every 4
hours).
• Routine toxicological screening using,
immunoassay techniques (AxSYM), was negative
for alcohol, opiates, barbiturates,
benzodiazepines, amphetamines, cocaine,
cannabis, tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs),
digoxin, theophylline, salicylates, acetaminophen,
phenytoin, carbamazepine as well as valproic
acid.
25. CASE I
• Color tests, TLC & Toxi-Lab System showed –ve
results for other common substances such as
phenothiazines, antihistamines, beta blockers,
calcium channel antagonists, NSAIDs, SSRIs,
organophosphates as well as carbamates.
• Bradycardia and hypotension were unresponsive
to atropine, infusion of dopamine, saline, or even
pacemaker insertion.
• She died within 24 hours after admission from
cardiovascular collapse.
27. CASE Ii
• An 18-years old woman was admitted to Al-noor
special hospital in Holy Makkah region, Saudi
Arabia at 4/11/2003 after ingestion of a large
quantity of Zedoary extract as a tonic. (the
history was taken from the patient).
• On admission, she was alert, but had nausea,
vomiting, abdominal pain, dizziness and lethargy.
• Systolic blood pressure was 60 mmHg, with
junctional bradycardia (as slow as 27
beats/minute) but without evidence of
myocardial infarction.
28. CASE Ii
• Following spontaneous emesis, gastric lavage
was done, and activated charcoal was given 3
times (every 4 hours).
• Routine toxicological screening, using
immunoassay techniques (AxSYM), was also
negative for alcohol, opiates, barbiturates,
benzodiazepines, amphetamines, cocaine,
cannabis, TCAs, digoxin, theophylline, salicylates,
acetaminophen, phenytoin, carbamazepine as
well as valproic acid.
29. CASE Ii
• Color tests, TLC & Toxi-Lab System showed also –ve results
for other common substances such as phenothiazines,
antihistamines, beta blockers, calcium channel antagonists,
NSAIDs, SSRIs, organophosphates as well as carbamates.
• Dopamine, intravenous saline, and 20 ml of 10% calcium
gluconate intravenously were administered, and a
pacemaker was placed.
• Calcium gluconate was repeated and pressor agents were
infused for additional 18 hours.
• Blood pressure became normal after 24 hours, and sinus
rhythm returned after 35 hours from admission. The
patient was discharged free 5 days post-admission.
31. Discussion
• The rapid course of the two cases pushed the
team of center to work in two ways:
• One way was the analysis of biological fluids
from the two patient as well as the possible
analysis of Zedoary.
• The other one was getting all possible data
about the mentioned herb.
32. Discussion
• In the two cases, routine toxicological screening
for the previously mentioned substances was
done to exclude any of them as a cause of
toxicity.
• Many substances such as beta blockers,
antihistamines, CCAs, NSAIDs or SSRIs are not
analyzed routinely as one group but as individual
drugs in the group, meaning that getting –ve
results for some drugs in the group does not
exclude the presence of other + ve unknown
drugs or substances belonging to the same group.
33. Discussion
• Although HPLC-MS needed for analysis of
zedoary into their different components was
available in the center, we did not have the
special method for detection of this herb.
• In addition to that, the rapid course of the two
cases especially the first one enforced all the
team of the center to depend on the available
data received from our search about Zedoary.
34. Discussion
• Some of these data included that Curcuma herbs
have showed hypotensive and protective effect
on the endothelium in spontaneously
hypertensive rats.
• Especially, C. Zedoaria was more effective than C.
Longa, and its mechanism was thought to be
related to a radical scavenging effect and
improvement of hemorheology.
• Hemorheology is the study of flow properties of blood and its
elements (plasma and formed elements, including red blood cells,
white blood cells and platelets).
35. Discussion
• Dihydrocurdione, the major component of
Zedoary has calcium channel antagonist-like
effects.
• Zedoary contains both hydrastine and
berberine, which cause a decrease in blood
pressure.
36. Discussion
• Berberine is thought to be seven times as
potent as hydrastine in producing
hypotension.
• A dose of 1mg/kg of Zedoary extract will
produce a slight increase then decrease in
blood pressure, while 2mg/kg will produce
significant prolonged hypotension.
37. Discussion
• On the other hand, hallmarks of CCAs overdose
include bradyarrhythmias, myocardial depression,
peripheral vasodilatation, hypotension, and
syncope.
• These symptoms and signs of toxicity coincided
with the two cases of Zedoary toxicity, presently
reported, whereas their main manifestations
were cardiovascular disorders in the form of
severe prolonged hypotension and
bradyarrhythmias.
38. Discussion
• Although plasma concentrations of CCAs
correlate well with cardiovascular depression in
the experimental setting, plasma concentrations
in humans show no significant correlation with
the amount of drug reportedly ingested by
patients.
• Moreover, fatal verapamil overdose has occurred
with a peak plasma concentration slightly higher
than the high-therapeutic range (687 ng/mL).
39. Discussion
• Thus, managing patients with suspected herbs
having signs and symptoms similar to CCA
overdose should be based on clinical features
rather than analysis.
• Based on these data, calcium gluconate 10%
was given to the second patient to treat the
refractory hypotension and to avoid death as
in the first case.
41. Conclusion AND RECOMMENDATIONS
• There is no logic supporting the popular
conception that herbal products are safer or
more natural than pharmaceutical
medications.
• The use of herbs by most individuals should
be put under strict medical regulations.
42. Conclusion AND RECOMMENDATIONS
• More studies are needed regarding the clinical
manifestations as well as the chemical analysis
of most commonly-used herbs.
• Toxicology centers should be equipped with
modern analytical facilities as well as
information centers to help clinicians in
managing different toxic cases.
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