In pure object-oriented programming:
- Everything in the program is an object with its own data and methods
- There is no main controlling algorithm; objects coordinate by calling each other's methods
- Control is decentralized among objects rather than centralized in a main program
- A starting object's method begins the chain reaction of objects interacting through method calls
Utah Code Camp 2014 - Learning from Data by Thomas HollowayThomas Holloway
The document provides an overview of machine learning and artificial intelligence goals including deduction, reasoning, problem solving, knowledge representation, planning, learning, natural language processing, motion and manipulation, perception, social intelligence and creativity. It discusses different machine learning techniques like supervised learning, unsupervised learning, reinforcement learning and developmental learning. It also covers topics like linear regression, logistic regression, neural networks, overfitting, regularization and more.
1. The document discusses polymorphism and interfaces in object-oriented programming. It covers inheritance, abstract classes, abstract methods, and interfaces.
2. Abstract classes can have both abstract and non-abstract methods, and prevent direct instantiation. Concrete subclasses must implement all abstract methods.
3. Interfaces provide a way for classes to take on common roles or behaviors without multiple inheritance. Classes implement interfaces to take on those roles.
This lecture covers data structures and iteration. It discusses arrays as ordered collections of values that allow items to be accessed by index. Python offers two array-like data structures: lists, which are mutable, and tuples, which are immutable. Loops allow code to repeatedly execute and come in two main types - while loops, which repeat while a condition is true, and for loops. Break and continue statements can be used in loops to exit or skip iterations under certain conditions.
Here are three classes that meet the requirements outlined in the homework:
1. Employee class with get/set methods for name, salary, and method to calculate yearly salary with a raise.
2. Invoice class with get/set methods for part number, description, quantity, price, and method to calculate invoice amount.
3. Date class with get/set methods for month, day, year, and method to display date in MM/DD/YYYY format.
Programming Fundamentals Lecture 3 covered data structures and iteration. Data structures allow storing multiple pieces of data in an organized way. Arrays are ordered collections of values that can be accessed by index. Python offers lists and tuples, where lists are mutable and tuples are immutable. Loops called iteration allow repeatedly running a block of code. While loops repeat while a condition is true. Break and continue can be used in loops to exit early or skip iterations conditionally.
How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Legacy Code - Ox:Agile 2018Mike Harris
I never wrote it; everybody else did! How many times have you waded through an ageing, decaying, tangled forrest of code and wished it would just die? How many times have you heard someone say that what really needs to happen is a complete rewrite? I have heard this many times, and, have uttered that fatal sentence myself. But shouldn’t we love our legacy code? Doesn’t it represent our investment and the hard work of ourselves and our predecessors? Throwing it away is dangerous, because, before we do, we’ll need to work out exactly what it does, and we’ll need to tweeze out that critical business logic nestled in a deeply entangled knot of IF statements. It could take us years to do, and we’ll have to maintain two systems whilst we do it, inevitably adding new features to them both. Yes we get to reimplement using the latest, coolest programming language, instead of an old behemoth, but how long will our new cool language be around, and who will maintain that code, when it itself inevitably turns to legacy? We can throw our arms in the air, complaining and grumbling about how we didn’t write the code, how we would never have written it the way it is, how those that wrote it were lesser programmers, possibly lesser humans themselves, but the code still remains, staring us in the face and hanging around for longer that we could possibly imagine. We can sort it out, we can improve it, we can make it testable, and we can learn to love our legacy code.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qRP45l5UugE
Utah Code Camp 2014 - Learning from Data by Thomas HollowayThomas Holloway
The document provides an overview of machine learning and artificial intelligence goals including deduction, reasoning, problem solving, knowledge representation, planning, learning, natural language processing, motion and manipulation, perception, social intelligence and creativity. It discusses different machine learning techniques like supervised learning, unsupervised learning, reinforcement learning and developmental learning. It also covers topics like linear regression, logistic regression, neural networks, overfitting, regularization and more.
1. The document discusses polymorphism and interfaces in object-oriented programming. It covers inheritance, abstract classes, abstract methods, and interfaces.
2. Abstract classes can have both abstract and non-abstract methods, and prevent direct instantiation. Concrete subclasses must implement all abstract methods.
3. Interfaces provide a way for classes to take on common roles or behaviors without multiple inheritance. Classes implement interfaces to take on those roles.
This lecture covers data structures and iteration. It discusses arrays as ordered collections of values that allow items to be accessed by index. Python offers two array-like data structures: lists, which are mutable, and tuples, which are immutable. Loops allow code to repeatedly execute and come in two main types - while loops, which repeat while a condition is true, and for loops. Break and continue statements can be used in loops to exit or skip iterations under certain conditions.
Here are three classes that meet the requirements outlined in the homework:
1. Employee class with get/set methods for name, salary, and method to calculate yearly salary with a raise.
2. Invoice class with get/set methods for part number, description, quantity, price, and method to calculate invoice amount.
3. Date class with get/set methods for month, day, year, and method to display date in MM/DD/YYYY format.
Programming Fundamentals Lecture 3 covered data structures and iteration. Data structures allow storing multiple pieces of data in an organized way. Arrays are ordered collections of values that can be accessed by index. Python offers lists and tuples, where lists are mutable and tuples are immutable. Loops called iteration allow repeatedly running a block of code. While loops repeat while a condition is true. Break and continue can be used in loops to exit early or skip iterations conditionally.
How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Legacy Code - Ox:Agile 2018Mike Harris
I never wrote it; everybody else did! How many times have you waded through an ageing, decaying, tangled forrest of code and wished it would just die? How many times have you heard someone say that what really needs to happen is a complete rewrite? I have heard this many times, and, have uttered that fatal sentence myself. But shouldn’t we love our legacy code? Doesn’t it represent our investment and the hard work of ourselves and our predecessors? Throwing it away is dangerous, because, before we do, we’ll need to work out exactly what it does, and we’ll need to tweeze out that critical business logic nestled in a deeply entangled knot of IF statements. It could take us years to do, and we’ll have to maintain two systems whilst we do it, inevitably adding new features to them both. Yes we get to reimplement using the latest, coolest programming language, instead of an old behemoth, but how long will our new cool language be around, and who will maintain that code, when it itself inevitably turns to legacy? We can throw our arms in the air, complaining and grumbling about how we didn’t write the code, how we would never have written it the way it is, how those that wrote it were lesser programmers, possibly lesser humans themselves, but the code still remains, staring us in the face and hanging around for longer that we could possibly imagine. We can sort it out, we can improve it, we can make it testable, and we can learn to love our legacy code.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qRP45l5UugE
• Is more intelligent than human ???
– Of course Not!
• A slave that only does what it is told
• Is always right; can never be wrong
• Good at performing lengthy and recurring tasks
The slides for a lecture about the Ruby programming language. This language was given at FEUP, on a course called "Laboratories of Object-Oriented Programming".
This document discusses using inheritance versus interfaces to model cat behavior in an object-oriented simulation. It describes how inheritance leads to maintenance issues when requirements change. The document proposes using interfaces to separate behaviors that may vary (eating, purring) from the cat class. This allows different concrete behavior classes to be composed into cat objects at runtime. The strategy pattern is applied to make behaviors pluggable and avoid tight coupling between behaviors and cats. Overall this improves flexibility, maintainability and reuse when requirements change.
[YIDLUG] Programming Languages Differences, The Underlying Implementation 1 of 2Yo Halb
Algebra allows representing mathematical relationships with variables in a standardized way. It provides benefits like readability through use of variables and easier calculation by setting up equations to solve for unknown values. Boolean algebra applies the same concepts to true/false values where true is represented by 1 and false by 0. Computer programming languages leverage algebraic concepts with functions, variables, equations, and Boolean logic to solve problems.
The Functional Programmer's Toolkit (NDC London 2019)Scott Wlaschin
(slides and video at https://fsharpforfunandprofit.com/fptoolkit)
The functional programming community has a number of patterns with strange names such as monads, monoids, functors, and catamorphisms.
In this beginner-friendly talk, we'll demystify these techniques and see how they all fit together into a small but versatile "tool kit".
We'll then see how the tools in this tool kit can be applied to a wide variety of programming problems, such as handling missing data, working with lists, and implementing the functional equivalent of dependency injection.
Learn Polymorphism in Python with Examples.pdfDatacademy.ai
In Python, polymorphisms refer to the occurrence of something in multiple forms. As part of polymorphism, a Python child class has methods with the same name as a parent class method. This is an essential part of programming. A single type of entity is used to represent a variety of types in different contexts (methods, operators, objects, etc.)
visit by :-https://www.datacademy.ai/learn-polymorphism-python-examples/
This document provides an overview of object-oriented programming concepts including classes, objects, inheritance, abstraction, encapsulation, and polymorphism. It defines OOP as an engineering approach for building software systems based on modeling real-world entities as classes and objects that exchange messages. Key concepts are explained such as classes defining attributes and behaviors of objects, objects being instances of classes, and communication between objects occurring through messages. The four main principles of OOP - inheritance, abstraction, encapsulation, and polymorphism - are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of the lessons and content covered in Module 3 of an online coding curriculum. It outlines four lessons on variables, strings, and networks/the internet. The lessons introduce key concepts like variables, data types, strings, methods, and network protocols. They include warm-up activities, gameplay in the coding game Ozaria to reinforce concepts, and extension activities. The document provides guidance for teachers on preparing for and teaching the lessons, which combine presentation of concepts with hands-on practice and checkpoints for student understanding.
Python Homework Help has the best homework help experts for your academic homework. Our Python experts hold Ph.D. degrees and can help you in preparing accurate solutions and answers for your Python homework questions. Our panel of online Python experts will help you get your basics right in order to understand and tackle difficult problems.
Reach out to our team via: -
Website: - https://www.pythonhomeworkhelp.com/
Email: support@pythonhomeworkhelp.com
Call/WhatsApp: +1(315)557–6473
We provide the best Python Homework Help online, and we guarantee that the clients get the highest score. We can work in a short time duration by maintaining the quality of work. Your deadline becomes our priority when you hire us!
Reach out to our team via: -
Website: - https://www.pythonhomeworkhelp.com/
Email: support@pythonhomeworkhelp.com
Call/WhatsApp: +1(315)557–6473
From the 2017 HPCC Systems Community Day:
Roger Dev gives an update on the new algorithms and other innovative features in our machine learning library.
Roger Dev
Senior Architect, LexisNexis Risk Solutions
Roger is a Senior Architect working with John Holt on the Machine Learning Team. He recently joined HPCC Systems from CA Technologies. Roger has been involved in the implementation and utilization of machine learning and AI techniques for many years, and has over 20 patents in diverse areas of software technology.
Build a virtual pet with javascript (april 2017)Thinkful
This document provides an overview of building a virtual pet game using JavaScript. It introduces JavaScript concepts like variables, objects, functions, and conditional statements. It outlines the goals of building a functional pet game to practice programming skills and covers specific coding challenges like adding properties to a pet object and writing functions to feed and exercise the pet. The document also provides context on JavaScript and programming in general.
LESSON 3A. INTRODUCTION TO ITERATION: LOOPS, TRACE TABLES, WHILE LOOPS
Introduction to Iteration and loops. The theory behind loops and how they work. Create and adapt programs using loops. Intro to the random number generator. Learn about trace tabling (white box testing). Example of a trace table and dry run. Wonders of the Fibonacci sequence. Examples of Iteration in game design. Focus on While loops. Challenges, tasks (with solutions), suggested videos, big ideas discussion and research and HW included. Introducing Ada Lovelace and Charles Babbage.
The document discusses principles and best practices for writing high-quality code, including keeping code simple, avoiding duplication, using object-oriented design principles like SOLID, giving variables and methods meaningful names, properly structuring classes, methods and variables, and applying principles of encapsulation and inheritance. It emphasizes that code quality is important to reduce development costs and improve productivity.
Java is an object-oriented programming language and platform. It uses a virtual machine (JVM) to run bytecode, making Java programs platform independent. The JVM handles memory management through garbage collection. Java uses classes and objects to implement OOP concepts. Variables are declared with a specific primitive data type or class type. Java supports control flow statements like if/else and loops. Arrays allow storing multiple values of the same type. Methods define reusable blocks of code that can operate on objects.
This document provides an introduction to object-oriented programming (OOP) concepts. It discusses procedural programming and its limitations. OOP aims to overcome these limitations through concepts like encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction. Encapsulation binds data and functions together in classes. Inheritance allows deriving new classes from existing classes. Polymorphism allows the same action to be performed in different ways. Abstraction describes things at a conceptual level. Examples are provided to illustrate these core OOP concepts. The next lecture will cover implementing OOP in C# and building a game with Unity 3D.
SI is supplemental instruction led by Caleb Peacock to help develop study skills. Variables are used to store and reference values in code. There are different data types like integers, floats, and strings. Variables must start with a letter or underscore and can include numbers and underscores but no spaces. Constant variables store fixed values in all caps. Comments describe code and are preceded by #. Basic math operations and mixing data types were demonstrated. The input function prompts users for input values stored in variables.
There are several challenges associated with the trade cycle in e-commerce, which can affect the overall efficiency and effectiveness of the process. Some of these challenges include:
Security: One of the main challenges in e-commerce is ensuring the security of the transaction. This includes protecting sensitive data such as credit card information and personal details from theft, fraud, and other cyber threats.
Logistics: Shipping and delivery can be a significant challenge in e-commerce, particularly for products that require special handling or transportation. This includes ensuring timely delivery, tracking shipments, and dealing with returns and exchanges.
Payment processing: Payment processing can be complex, particularly for cross-border transactions involving different currencies and payment systems. It is essential to ensure that payment methods are secure, reliable, and convenient for customers.
Customer service: Providing high-quality customer service can be challenging in e-commerce, particularly for online-only businesses. It is essential to respond promptly to customer inquiries and complaints, provide accu
• Is more intelligent than human ???
– Of course Not!
• A slave that only does what it is told
• Is always right; can never be wrong
• Good at performing lengthy and recurring tasks
The slides for a lecture about the Ruby programming language. This language was given at FEUP, on a course called "Laboratories of Object-Oriented Programming".
This document discusses using inheritance versus interfaces to model cat behavior in an object-oriented simulation. It describes how inheritance leads to maintenance issues when requirements change. The document proposes using interfaces to separate behaviors that may vary (eating, purring) from the cat class. This allows different concrete behavior classes to be composed into cat objects at runtime. The strategy pattern is applied to make behaviors pluggable and avoid tight coupling between behaviors and cats. Overall this improves flexibility, maintainability and reuse when requirements change.
[YIDLUG] Programming Languages Differences, The Underlying Implementation 1 of 2Yo Halb
Algebra allows representing mathematical relationships with variables in a standardized way. It provides benefits like readability through use of variables and easier calculation by setting up equations to solve for unknown values. Boolean algebra applies the same concepts to true/false values where true is represented by 1 and false by 0. Computer programming languages leverage algebraic concepts with functions, variables, equations, and Boolean logic to solve problems.
The Functional Programmer's Toolkit (NDC London 2019)Scott Wlaschin
(slides and video at https://fsharpforfunandprofit.com/fptoolkit)
The functional programming community has a number of patterns with strange names such as monads, monoids, functors, and catamorphisms.
In this beginner-friendly talk, we'll demystify these techniques and see how they all fit together into a small but versatile "tool kit".
We'll then see how the tools in this tool kit can be applied to a wide variety of programming problems, such as handling missing data, working with lists, and implementing the functional equivalent of dependency injection.
Learn Polymorphism in Python with Examples.pdfDatacademy.ai
In Python, polymorphisms refer to the occurrence of something in multiple forms. As part of polymorphism, a Python child class has methods with the same name as a parent class method. This is an essential part of programming. A single type of entity is used to represent a variety of types in different contexts (methods, operators, objects, etc.)
visit by :-https://www.datacademy.ai/learn-polymorphism-python-examples/
This document provides an overview of object-oriented programming concepts including classes, objects, inheritance, abstraction, encapsulation, and polymorphism. It defines OOP as an engineering approach for building software systems based on modeling real-world entities as classes and objects that exchange messages. Key concepts are explained such as classes defining attributes and behaviors of objects, objects being instances of classes, and communication between objects occurring through messages. The four main principles of OOP - inheritance, abstraction, encapsulation, and polymorphism - are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of the lessons and content covered in Module 3 of an online coding curriculum. It outlines four lessons on variables, strings, and networks/the internet. The lessons introduce key concepts like variables, data types, strings, methods, and network protocols. They include warm-up activities, gameplay in the coding game Ozaria to reinforce concepts, and extension activities. The document provides guidance for teachers on preparing for and teaching the lessons, which combine presentation of concepts with hands-on practice and checkpoints for student understanding.
Python Homework Help has the best homework help experts for your academic homework. Our Python experts hold Ph.D. degrees and can help you in preparing accurate solutions and answers for your Python homework questions. Our panel of online Python experts will help you get your basics right in order to understand and tackle difficult problems.
Reach out to our team via: -
Website: - https://www.pythonhomeworkhelp.com/
Email: support@pythonhomeworkhelp.com
Call/WhatsApp: +1(315)557–6473
We provide the best Python Homework Help online, and we guarantee that the clients get the highest score. We can work in a short time duration by maintaining the quality of work. Your deadline becomes our priority when you hire us!
Reach out to our team via: -
Website: - https://www.pythonhomeworkhelp.com/
Email: support@pythonhomeworkhelp.com
Call/WhatsApp: +1(315)557–6473
From the 2017 HPCC Systems Community Day:
Roger Dev gives an update on the new algorithms and other innovative features in our machine learning library.
Roger Dev
Senior Architect, LexisNexis Risk Solutions
Roger is a Senior Architect working with John Holt on the Machine Learning Team. He recently joined HPCC Systems from CA Technologies. Roger has been involved in the implementation and utilization of machine learning and AI techniques for many years, and has over 20 patents in diverse areas of software technology.
Build a virtual pet with javascript (april 2017)Thinkful
This document provides an overview of building a virtual pet game using JavaScript. It introduces JavaScript concepts like variables, objects, functions, and conditional statements. It outlines the goals of building a functional pet game to practice programming skills and covers specific coding challenges like adding properties to a pet object and writing functions to feed and exercise the pet. The document also provides context on JavaScript and programming in general.
LESSON 3A. INTRODUCTION TO ITERATION: LOOPS, TRACE TABLES, WHILE LOOPS
Introduction to Iteration and loops. The theory behind loops and how they work. Create and adapt programs using loops. Intro to the random number generator. Learn about trace tabling (white box testing). Example of a trace table and dry run. Wonders of the Fibonacci sequence. Examples of Iteration in game design. Focus on While loops. Challenges, tasks (with solutions), suggested videos, big ideas discussion and research and HW included. Introducing Ada Lovelace and Charles Babbage.
The document discusses principles and best practices for writing high-quality code, including keeping code simple, avoiding duplication, using object-oriented design principles like SOLID, giving variables and methods meaningful names, properly structuring classes, methods and variables, and applying principles of encapsulation and inheritance. It emphasizes that code quality is important to reduce development costs and improve productivity.
Java is an object-oriented programming language and platform. It uses a virtual machine (JVM) to run bytecode, making Java programs platform independent. The JVM handles memory management through garbage collection. Java uses classes and objects to implement OOP concepts. Variables are declared with a specific primitive data type or class type. Java supports control flow statements like if/else and loops. Arrays allow storing multiple values of the same type. Methods define reusable blocks of code that can operate on objects.
This document provides an introduction to object-oriented programming (OOP) concepts. It discusses procedural programming and its limitations. OOP aims to overcome these limitations through concepts like encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction. Encapsulation binds data and functions together in classes. Inheritance allows deriving new classes from existing classes. Polymorphism allows the same action to be performed in different ways. Abstraction describes things at a conceptual level. Examples are provided to illustrate these core OOP concepts. The next lecture will cover implementing OOP in C# and building a game with Unity 3D.
SI is supplemental instruction led by Caleb Peacock to help develop study skills. Variables are used to store and reference values in code. There are different data types like integers, floats, and strings. Variables must start with a letter or underscore and can include numbers and underscores but no spaces. Constant variables store fixed values in all caps. Comments describe code and are preceded by #. Basic math operations and mixing data types were demonstrated. The input function prompts users for input values stored in variables.
There are several challenges associated with the trade cycle in e-commerce, which can affect the overall efficiency and effectiveness of the process. Some of these challenges include:
Security: One of the main challenges in e-commerce is ensuring the security of the transaction. This includes protecting sensitive data such as credit card information and personal details from theft, fraud, and other cyber threats.
Logistics: Shipping and delivery can be a significant challenge in e-commerce, particularly for products that require special handling or transportation. This includes ensuring timely delivery, tracking shipments, and dealing with returns and exchanges.
Payment processing: Payment processing can be complex, particularly for cross-border transactions involving different currencies and payment systems. It is essential to ensure that payment methods are secure, reliable, and convenient for customers.
Customer service: Providing high-quality customer service can be challenging in e-commerce, particularly for online-only businesses. It is essential to respond promptly to customer inquiries and complaints, provide accu
Which one is not a machine learning method?
= Hill climbing method
= Breadth first search
= Binary search
3. Self driving AI agent represent
= Continious
4. Which is our Current AI
= General AI
5. Type of component in AI agent
= 3 type
6. Which kind of agent have problem generator agent
= learning Agent
7. key task Problem solving Agent
= Solve the given problem and reach to goal & To find out which sequence of action will get it to the goal state both.
8. What will be the another name of blind search?
= Uninformed search
9. State space are the combination of
= both decission making and learning
10. which can be consider as initial state and goal state
= Problem instance
11. which concept we are hiding the details representation
= Abstraction
12. How many types of AI agents are avilable?
= 5 types
2 number question
1. difference between two different type of agent in AI.
There are several types of agents in artificial intelligence (AI), and each type of agent
has different characteristics and capabilities. Here are some of the main differences
between different types of agents:
Reactive agents vs. deliberative agents: Reactive agents are designed to respond directly
to their environment, without any internal model of the world or the ability to plan ahead.
Deliberative agents have an internal model of the world, which they use to reason about their
environment and plan their actions accordingly.
Simple reflex agents vs. model-based reflex agents: Simple reflex agents operate based on a
set of stimulus-response rules, which are pre-programmed to respond to certain environmental
inputs with specific actions. Model-based reflex agents have an internal model of the world,
which they use to update their rules and respond to changes in the environment.
Goal-based agents vs. utility-based agents: Goal-based agents are designed to achieve
specific goals, and they select actions that are likely to achieve those goals.
Utility-based agents are designed to maximize a numerical utility function, which assigns values
to different outcomes based on their desirability.
Learning agents vs. rule-based agents: Learning agents are designed to learn from their
experiences and update their behavior accordingly. Rule-based agents operate based on a set of
pre-defined rules, and they do not adapt their behavior based on experience.
Hybrid agents: Some agents combine different approaches to achieve more complex behavior.
For example, a hybrid agent might use a reactive component for fast responses to changes in
the environment, and a deliberative component for long-term planning.
2. universal connective
In logic and artificial intelligence (AI), the universal connective is a logical operator
that is used to express the universal quantification of a statement. The universal
quantification expresses that a statement is true for all values of a variable in a given domain.
In symbolic logic, the univers
Thank you for the presentation on the blood supply and nerve supply of the conjunctiva. I appreciate you taking the time to educate me on this topic. Please let me know if you have any other questions.
The trade cycle in e-commerce refers to the various stages involved in a typical online transaction between a buyer and a seller. The trade cycle typically includes the following stages:
Product search and selection: The buyer searches for a product or service online and selects the desired item from the e-commerce website. This may involve browsing product categories, using search filters, and reading product descriptions and reviews.
Shopping cart and checkout: Once the buyer has selected the desired item, they add it to their shopping cart and proceed to checkout. At this stage, they may be required to enter their personal and payment information, such as name, address, and credit card details.
Order processing: After the buyer has completed the checkout process, the seller receives the order and processes it. This may involve verifying the availability of the product, preparing it for shipment, and generating a shipping label.
Payment processing: Once the order has been processed, the payment is processed by the payment gateway. This involves verifying the payment information and authorizing the transaction.
Shipping and delivery: The seller ships the product to the buyer's address using a third-party logistics provider or their own delivery service. The buyer is provided with tracking information to monitor the status of the shipment.
Returns and refunds: If the buyer is not satisfied with the product, they may initiate a return or exchange. The seller handles the return or exchange process and ensures that the buyer is satisfied with their purchase.
Customer service: The seller provides customer service to address any issues or concerns that the buyer may have regarding the product or service.
The trade cycle in e-commerce refers to the various stages involved in a typical online transaction between a buyer and a seller. The trade cycle typically includes the following stages:
Product search and selection: The buyer searches for a product or service online and selects the desired item from the e-commerce website. This may involve browsing product categories, using search filters, and reading product descriptions and reviews.
Shopping cart and checkout: Once the buyer has selected the desired item, they add it to their shopping cart and proceed to checkout. At this stage, they may be required to enter their personal and payment information, such as name, address, and credit card details.
Order processing: After the buyer has completed the checkout process, the seller receives the order and processes it. This may involve verifying the availability of the product, preparing it for shipment, and generating a shipping label.
Payment processing: Once the order has been processed, the payment is processed by the payment gateway. This involves verifying the payment information and authorizing the transaction.
Shipping and delivery: The seller ships the product to the buyer's address using a third-party logistics provider or their own delivery service. The buyer is provided with tracking information to monitor the status of the shipment.
Returns and refunds: If the buyer is not satisfied with the product, they may initiate a return or exchange. The seller handles the return or exchange process and ensures that the buyer is satisfied with their purchase.
Customer service: The seller provides customer service to address any issues or concerns that the buyer may have regarding the product or service.
The trade cycle in e-commerce refers to the various stages involved in a typical online transaction between a buyer and a seller. The trade cycle typically includes the following stages:
Product search and selection: The buyer searches for a product or service online and selects the desired item from the e-commerce website. This may involve browsing product categories, using search filters, and reading product descriptions and reviews.
Shopping cart and checkout: Once the buyer has selected the desired item, they add it to their shopping cart and proceed to checkout. At this stage, they may be required to enter their personal and payment information, such as name, address, and credit card details.
Order processing: After the buyer has completed the checkout process, the seller receives the order and processes it. This may involve verifying the availability of the product, preparing it for shipment, and generating a shipping label.
Payment processing: Once the order has been processed, the payment is processed by the payment gateway. This involves verifying the payment information and authorizing the transaction.
Shipping and delivery: The seller ships the product to the buyer's address using a third-party logistics provider or their own delivery service. The buyer is provided with tracking information to monitor the status of the shipment.
Returns and refunds: If the buyer is not satisfied with the product, they may initiate a return or exchange. The seller handles the return or exchange process and ensures that the buyer is satisfied with their purchase.
Customer service: The seller provides customer service to address any issues or concerns that the buyer may have regarding the product or service.
There are several challenges associated with the trade cycle in e-commerce, which can affect the overall efficiency and effectiveness of the process. Some of these challenges include:
Security: One of the main challenges in e-commerce is ensuring the security of the transaction. This includes protecting sensitive data such as credit card information and personal details from theft, fraud, and other cyber threats.
Logistics: Shipping and delivery can be a significant challenge in e-commerce, particularly for products that require special handling or transportation. This includes ensuring timely delivery, tracking shipments, and dealing with returns and exchanges.
Payment processing: Payment processing can be complex, particularly for cross-border transactions involving different currencies and payment systems. It is essential to ensure that payment methods are secure, reliable, and convenient for customers.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
2. Announcements
• Office Hours next Tuesday, April 4, 2000 will be
from 1:00 - 2:00 p.m. instead of 3:00 - 4:00 p.m.
• On the homework that’s due Friday
– Problem 2 requires inheritance!
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4. Scenarios
• A veterinarian's algorithm might have a list of
animals, but each one needs different food or
care… we want ONE information system to track
all of this without complex logic for each
individual kind of animal.
• A car dealership sells many different types of
cars with different features, but each has a price
and quantity in stock.
• A registration system might treat in-state
students differently from out-of-state students,
graduate students differently from
undergraduates, etc.
• A graphical user interface (GUI) e.g. Windows
needs to puts lots of simlar widgets on screen...
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5. Motivation
• We’d like to be able to manage objects
of different kinds of classes.
• Since classes within a class hierarchy
often share common methods and
attributes, we’d like to make use of this
fact to make our algorithms simpler.
6. Polymorphism Defined
• The ability to take on different forms.
• Manipulate objects of various classes,
and invoke methods on an object
without knowing that object’s type.
9. Polymorphism Explained
MyAnimal <- MyMutt seems incorrect. The left
and right hand side of the assignment seem to
not match; or do they?
Since Mutt inherits from Dog, and Dog inherits from
Animal, then MyMutt is at all times a Mutt, a Dog,
and an Animal. Thus the assignment statement is
perfectly valid.
This makes logical (“real world”) sense.
10. An Illegal Example
• We are able to assign an object of a sub-
class into an object of a super-class as in:
MyAnimal <- MyMutt
• But the reverse is not true. We can’t
assign a superclass object into a sub-
class object.
MyMutt <- MyAnimal // illegal
11. Method Calls and Polymorphism
Assume the Dog class inherits the Animal
class, redefining the “MakeNoise” method.
Consider the following:
MyAnimal <- MyDog
MyAnimal.MakeNoise
12. Method Calls and Polymorphism
MyAnimal <- MyDog
MyAnimal.MakeNoise
Different languages handle this differently.
For simplicity, we’ll assume that MyAnimal
“remembers” it is actually an object of
the Dog class, so we’ll execute the
MakeNoise method in the Dog class.
13. Polymorphism vs. Inheritance
• Inheritance is required in order to
achieve polymorphism (we must have
class hierarchies).
– Re-using class definitions via
extension and redefinition
• Polymorphism is not required in order
to achieve inheritance.
– An object of class A acts as an
object of class B (an ancestor to A).
14. Processing Collections
• One of the main benefits of polymorphism
is the ability to easily process collections.
• We will consider a collection (queue) of
bank accounts in the next example. . .
15. The Banking Class Hierarchy
Cool Savings
Bank
Account
Savings
Account
Checking
Account
NOW
Account
Money Market
Account
CD Account
16. A Collection of Bank Accounts
Imagine a bank needs to manage all of the
accounts.
Rather than maintain seven separate queues, one
each for: Bank_Accounts, Savings_Accounts,
Cool_Savings, CD_Accounts,
Checking_Accounts, NOW_accounts, and
Money_Market_Accounts
We can maintain only one queue of Bank Accounts.
17. Polymorphic Banking
Assume accounts of various kinds:
john_account isoftype Checking_Account
paul_account isoftype Cool_Savings
paul_other_account isoftype CD_Account
george_account isoftype NOW_Account
ringo_account isoftype Money_Market
Then put them all in a single structure:
account_queue isoftype Queue(Bank_Account)
account_queue.Enqueue(john_account)
account_queue.Enqueue(paul_account)
account_queue.Enqueue(paul_other_account)
account_queue.Enqueue(george_account)
account_queue.Enqueue(ringo_account)
18. Polymorphic Banking
account_queue is polymorphic:
• It is holding accounts of “many forms.”
• Each of the accounts is “within the family”
of the class hierarchy of bank accounts.
• Each one will have it’s own set of
capabilities via inheritance (extension,
and/or redefinition).
19. Example of Polymorphic Banking
With polymorphism, our main algorithm doesn’t care what
kind of account it is processing
sum, amount isoftype Num
account isoftype Bank_Account
account_queue isoftype Queue(Bank_Account)
. . .
sum <- 0
loop
exitif( account_queue.IsEmpty )
account_queue.Dequeue( account )
sum <- sum + account.Get_Balance
endloop
print( “Sum of the balances is: ”, sum )
20. Resolving Polymorphic Method Calls
• Different languages do this differently.
• The various kinds of Accounts, though all stored
as a Bank_Account, remember the class
(subclass) of which they are an instance.
• So, calls to Get_Balance() will:
– use the method from class NOW_Account if
the object is an instance of NOW_Account
– use the method from class Money_Market if
the object is an instance of Money_Market
– and so on...
21. Polymorphism
• This is the “magic” of polymorphism…it keeps
track of family members within the inheritance
hierarchy for you.
• Without it, we’d have lots of code sprinkled
through out our algorithm choosing among many
options:
if( it’s Checking_Account ) then
call Checking_Account Calc_Interest
elseif( it’s Super_Savings) then
call Super_Savings Calc_Interest
elseif( it’s CD_Account then
call CD_Account Calc_Interest
elseif( it’s NOW_Account ) then
call NOW_Account Calc_Interest
. . .
22. Summary
• Polymorphism allows objects to represent
instances of its own class and any of its
sublcasses.
• Polymorphic collections are useful for managing
objects with common (ancestor) interfaces.
• For our purposes, we’ll assume objects
“remember” what kind of class they really
contain, so method calls are resolved to the
original class.
25. What Have We Discussed?
• Structured programming
• Object-Oriented programming
What’s left?
• Everything an object…
• Let’s make a class coordinate activities
26. Structured Programming
• Break down the problem.
• Each module has a well-defined interface
of parameters
• A main algorithm calls and coordinates
the various modules; the main is “in
charge.”
• Persistent data (in the main algorithm) vs.
module data (dies upon module
completion).
27. An Example
Let’s write an algorithm to simulate a veterinarian’s
clinic…
• Maintain a collection of different animals
• Feed, water, talk with and house animals
• Allow owners to bring pets for treatment and
boarding
• We’ll present a menu of options to the user
28. A Structured Solution
• Write many record types (cat, dog, rabbit)
• Write the collection records and modules
for each type of pet
• Write many modules allowing for
interactions with the collection
• Write menu and processing modules
• Write main algorithm
29. An Object-Oriented Solution
• Write class hierarchy with inheritance (pet,
cat, dog, rabbit)
• Write the generic collection class
• Write many modules allowing for
interactions with the collection
• Write menu and processing modules
• Write main algorithm
30. Simulating a Veterinarian Clinic
Boarding Pens
(Vector)
Vet Clinic
Dog
Cat
Rabbit
Pet
Owner
(user)
is-a
is-a
is-a
has-a
has-a
user
interaction
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33. procedure PrintMenu
print(“Please enter a choice:”)
print(“ADD a pet”)
print(“REMOVE a pet”)
print(“FEED pets”)
print(“LIST pets”)
...
print(“QUIT”)
endprocedure // PrintMenu
procedure GetChoice(choice isoftype out string)
print(“What would you like to do?”)
read(choice)
endprocedure // GetChoice
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34. procedure ProcessChoice(choice iot in string,
Pens iot in/out Vector(Pet))
if (choice = “ADD”) then
AddPet(Pens)
elseif (choice = “REMOVE”) then
RemovePet(Pens)
elseif (choice = “FEED”) then
FeedPets(Pens)
elseif (choice = “LIST”) then
. . .
endif
endprocedure // ProcessChoice
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35. procedure RemovePet(Pens iot in/out Vector(Pet))
IndexToRemove isoftype num
print(“What is the index of the pet to remove?”)
read(IndexToRemove)
if (IndexToRemove <= Pens.SizeOf) then
Pens.RemoveElementAt(IndexToRemove)
else
print(“ERROR: That index is too high”)
endif
endprocedure // RemovePet
36. procedure FeedPets(Pens iot in/out Vector(Pet))
count isoftype num
count <- 1
loop
exitif(count > Pens.SizeOf)
// get the next pet in the collection and
// polymorphically call the Eat method on
// that pet (whatever its class)
Pens.ElementAt(count).Eat
count <- count + 1
endloop
print(“Pets all fed!”)
endprocedure // FeedPets
37. . . . continue implementation
AddPet module, etc.
38. Vestiges of Structured Programming
• In the previous example (and thus far), we
have used classes and objects in the
conventional structured approach to
algorithms that we have used throughout.
• We have done what is called Hybrid OO:
“the use of OO constructs within the
standard structured paradigm.”
• What is the difference?
39. Hybrid Object-Oriented Programming
• “Hybrid OO” is like Structured in some
ways:
– Break down the problem.
– One module per sub-problem.
– Each module has one task.
– Each module has a interface of
parameters.
– A main algorithm is “in charge” of
program.
40. Hybrid Object-Oriented Programming
• “Hybrid OO” is not just like structured:
• Each object maintains it’s own persistent data.
• Uses OO constructs (classes & objects):
– Encapsulate data and methods together
– Support data integrity by protecting data
– Reuse, minimizing recreating code
– Inheritance to ease customization
– Polymorphism to model the world
• Our examples so far show Hybrid OO:
– Structured algorithms, main in charge.
– Use of OO constructs (classes & objects)
41. What’s Left?
• The Object-Oriented paradigm is state of the art:
– Encapsulation
– Reusability/Adaptability
– Polymorphism
• But what’s left?
– The algorithm itself…
– We still have a main algorithm in control
42. class VetClinic
uses Vector, Pet, Cat, Dog, Rabbit
public
procedure Initialize
// contract here
protected
Pens isoftype Vector(Pet)
procedure Initialize
Pens.Initialize
DoWork
endprocedure // Initialize
43. // Still in protected section
procedure DoWork
// contract here – protected method
choice isoftype string
loop
PrintMenu
GetChoice(choice)
exitif (choice = “QUIT”)
ProcessChoice(choice)
endloop
print(“The Vet Clinic has closed.”)
endprocedure // DoWork
44. // Still in protected section
procedure PrintMenu
// contract here – protected method
print(“Please enter a choice:”)
print(“ADD a pet”)
print(“REMOVE a pet”)
print(“FEED pets”)
. . .
print(“QUIT”)
endprocedure // PrintMenu
procedure GetChoice(choice iot out string)
// contract here – protected method
print(“What would you like to do?”)
read(choice)
endprocedure // GetChoice
45. // Still in protected section
procedure ProcessChoice(choice iot in string)
// contract here – protected method
if (choice = “ADD”) then
AddPet
elseif (choice = “REMOVE”) then
RemovePet
elseif (choice = “FEED”) then
FeedPets
. . .
endif
endprocedure // ProcessChoice
46. // Still in protected section
procedure RemovePet
// contract here – protected method
IndexToRemove isoftype num
print(“What is index of the pet to remove?”)
read(IndexToRemove)
if (IndexToRemove <= Pens.Size) then
Pens.RemoveElementAt(IndexToRemove)
else
print(“ERROR: That index is too high”)
endif
endprocedure // RemovePet
47. // Still in protected section
procedure FeedPets
// contract here – protected method
count isoftype num
count <- 1
loop
exitif(count > Pens.Size)
// get the next pet in the collection and
// polymorphically call the Eat method on
// that pet (whatever its class)
Pens.ElementAt(count).Eat
count <- count + 1
endloop
print(“Pets all fed!”)
endprocedure // FeedPets
48. // Still in protected section
. . . continue the protected methods
endclass // VetClinic
// --------------------------------------
algorithm VetExample
store isoftype VetClinic
store.Initialize
endalgorithm // VetExample
49. What Did We Do?
• Everything is an object
• The main algorithm (if it exists at all) simply
creates a VetClinic and calls its Initialize method.
• From there, the VetClinic object coordinates the
system
• Now we’re doing Pure OO Programming
50. Pure Object Oriented Programming
• There is no main algorithm in charge.
• Control is decentralized among various objects.
• Everything in the program is an object.
• A root class “gets things started.”
• The root class is not “in charge”; instead it
invokes some method, beginning a chain reaction
of objects calling methods provided by other
objects.
• Requires a slightly different way of thinking:
centralized control vs. distributed control.
59. Typical Operations
Class AddButton inherits Button
...
Procedure Listen
// Activated when mouse button pressed
ResultBox.SetContents(
TopBox.GetContents +
BottomBox.GetContents)
endprocedure
This type method “listens”
for an event to occur
LB
61. Typical Operations
Class CalcWindow inherits Window
...
Procedure Initialize
// Starts everything up
super.Initialize
AddIn(ClearButton)
AddIn(AddButton)
AddIn(TopBox)
AddIn(BottomBox)
AddIn(ResultBox)
endprocedure
Where the buttons and boxes
are located is magic
LB
62. Starting it all up
theWindow isoftype CalcWindow
theWindow.ShowAt(LOCX, LOCY)
This code would appear in some
kind of special initiation construct:
A root class or a startup main or whatever.
LB
64. A Vehicle Dealership Example
Queue of Vehicles
Car Truck
Dealership
User/Customer
65. Other Pure OO Examples
• Interactive programs
• Graphical, windowed interfaces
– Mac OS, Windows, etc.
• Event-driven programming
• Complex database applications
66. Summary of Structured Programming
• Break down the problem.
• One module per sub-problem.
• Each module has one task.
• Each module has a interface of
parameters.
• A main algorithm is “in charge” of
program.
• Local data dies, must pass back to main.
67. Summary of Hybrid- vs. Pure-OO
• Hybrid-OO programming means:
– Structured algorithms, main in charge.
– Use of OO constructs (classes-&-
objects)
• Pure-OO or Real-OO programming means:
– No main in charge.
– Decentralized, distributed control.
– Everything is an object.
69. Pseudocode to Java
class Simple
public
Procedure Initialize()
// PPP
procedure setValue(newVal isoftype in Num)
// ppp
function getValue returnsa Num()
// PPP
LB
70. Pseudocode to Java
protected
value isoftype Num
Procedure Initialize()
value <- 0
endprocedure
procedure setValue(newVal isoftype in Num)
value <- newVal
endprocedure
function getValue returnsa Num()
getValue returns value
endfunction
endclass
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71. Java version
class Simple {
private int value;
// ppp
public void Simple() {
value = 0;
} // Constructor
// ppp
public setValue(int newVal) {
value = newVal;
} // setValue
// ppp
public int getValue() {
return value;
} // getValue
} // Simple
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