1. The document discusses polymorphism and interfaces in object-oriented programming. It covers inheritance, abstract classes, abstract methods, and interfaces.
2. Abstract classes can have both abstract and non-abstract methods, and prevent direct instantiation. Concrete subclasses must implement all abstract methods.
3. Interfaces provide a way for classes to take on common roles or behaviors without multiple inheritance. Classes implement interfaces to take on those roles.
This presentation is continuation to “Software Craftsmanship - Code Smells - Couplers”. Here we will cover fourth category of code smells – “Object Orientation Abusers”.
When to use abstract class and methods in java kritikumar16
Java is a most popular, robust, secure, platform independent and multithreading based high level programming language, because of this it is preferably used by many programmers.
This presentation is continuation to “Software Craftsmanship - Code Smells - Couplers”. Here we will cover fourth category of code smells – “Object Orientation Abusers”.
When to use abstract class and methods in java kritikumar16
Java is a most popular, robust, secure, platform independent and multithreading based high level programming language, because of this it is preferably used by many programmers.
Object-oriented programming for self-taught programmers, from the perspective of a data scientist. The presentation covers a conceptual overview of what OOP actually is, some worked examples of how to use it and some good and bad reasons for using OOP in your work.
In this presentation, the most important object oriented topics and features of C# is discussed. The session was presented in 42nd Session of CodeWeekend and it is the 3rd week of C# + CS50 Series of Training.
lamina 1- Actuar con probidad, honradez, discreción, eficiencia, desinterés, veracidad y lealtad.
lamina 2- Conservar absoluta independencia en sus actuaciones profesionales.
lamina 3- Defender los derechos de la sociedad y de los particulares cooperando en la conservación y perfeccionamiento del orden jurídico y en la realización de una recta y eficaz administración de justicia.
Fortalecer la fraternidad de sus colegas, mediante el respeto mutuo con trato cordial y racional tolerancia.
Object-oriented programming for self-taught programmers, from the perspective of a data scientist. The presentation covers a conceptual overview of what OOP actually is, some worked examples of how to use it and some good and bad reasons for using OOP in your work.
In this presentation, the most important object oriented topics and features of C# is discussed. The session was presented in 42nd Session of CodeWeekend and it is the 3rd week of C# + CS50 Series of Training.
lamina 1- Actuar con probidad, honradez, discreción, eficiencia, desinterés, veracidad y lealtad.
lamina 2- Conservar absoluta independencia en sus actuaciones profesionales.
lamina 3- Defender los derechos de la sociedad y de los particulares cooperando en la conservación y perfeccionamiento del orden jurídico y en la realización de una recta y eficaz administración de justicia.
Fortalecer la fraternidad de sus colegas, mediante el respeto mutuo con trato cordial y racional tolerancia.
Object-Oriented Thinking- A way of viewing world – Agents and Communities, messages and methods, Responsibilities, Classes and Instances, Class Hierarchies- Inheritance, Method binding, Overriding and Exceptions, Summary of Object-Oriented concepts. Java buzzwords, An Overview of Java, Data types, Variables and Arrays, operators, expressions, control statements, Introducing classes, Methods and Classes, String handling.
Inheritance– Inheritance concept, Inheritance basics, Member access, Constructors, Creating Multilevel hierarchy, super uses, using final with inheritance, Polymorphism-ad hoc polymorphism, pure polymorphism, method overriding, abstract classes, Object class, forms of inheritance specialization, specification, construction, extension, limitation, combination, benefits of inheritance, costs of inheritance
Introduction to OOPS : Problems in procedure oriented approach, Features of Object Oriented
Programming System, Object creation, Initializing the instance variable, Constructors.
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AI Fusion Buddy Review: Brand New, Groundbreaking Gemini-Powered AI AppGoogle
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(3) AI Partner & Profit Review: https://sumonreview.com/ai-partner-profit-review
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May Marketo Masterclass, London MUG May 22 2024.pdfAdele Miller
Can't make Adobe Summit in Vegas? No sweat because the EMEA Marketo Engage Champions are coming to London to share their Summit sessions, insights and more!
This is a MUG with a twist you don't want to miss.
Top Features to Include in Your Winzo Clone App for Business Growth (4).pptxrickgrimesss22
Discover the essential features to incorporate in your Winzo clone app to boost business growth, enhance user engagement, and drive revenue. Learn how to create a compelling gaming experience that stands out in the competitive market.
Enhancing Research Orchestration Capabilities at ORNL.pdfGlobus
Cross-facility research orchestration comes with ever-changing constraints regarding the availability and suitability of various compute and data resources. In short, a flexible data and processing fabric is needed to enable the dynamic redirection of data and compute tasks throughout the lifecycle of an experiment. In this talk, we illustrate how we easily leveraged Globus services to instrument the ACE research testbed at the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility with flexible data and task orchestration capabilities.
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BoxLang is more than just a language; it's a community. By choosing a Visionary License, you're not just investing in your success, you're actively contributing to the ongoing development and support of BoxLang.
In 2015, I used to write extensions for Joomla, WordPress, phpBB3, etc and I ...Juraj Vysvader
In 2015, I used to write extensions for Joomla, WordPress, phpBB3, etc and I didn't get rich from it but it did have 63K downloads (powered possible tens of thousands of websites).
AI Genie Review: World’s First Open AI WordPress Website CreatorGoogle
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See My Other Reviews Article:
(1) TubeTrivia AI Review: https://sumonreview.com/tubetrivia-ai-review
(2) SocioWave Review: https://sumonreview.com/sociowave-review
(3) AI Partner & Profit Review: https://sumonreview.com/ai-partner-profit-review
(4) AI Ebook Suite Review: https://sumonreview.com/ai-ebook-suite-review
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GraphSummit Paris - The art of the possible with Graph TechnologyNeo4j
Sudhir Hasbe, Chief Product Officer, Neo4j
Join us as we explore breakthrough innovations enabled by interconnected data and AI. Discover firsthand how organizations use relationships in data to uncover contextual insights and solve our most pressing challenges – from optimizing supply chains, detecting fraud, and improving customer experiences to accelerating drug discoveries.
Providing Globus Services to Users of JASMIN for Environmental Data AnalysisGlobus
JASMIN is the UK’s high-performance data analysis platform for environmental science, operated by STFC on behalf of the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC). In addition to its role in hosting the CEDA Archive (NERC’s long-term repository for climate, atmospheric science & Earth observation data in the UK), JASMIN provides a collaborative platform to a community of around 2,000 scientists in the UK and beyond, providing nearly 400 environmental science projects with working space, compute resources and tools to facilitate their work. High-performance data transfer into and out of JASMIN has always been a key feature, with many scientists bringing model outputs from supercomputers elsewhere in the UK, to analyse against observational or other model data in the CEDA Archive. A growing number of JASMIN users are now realising the benefits of using the Globus service to provide reliable and efficient data movement and other tasks in this and other contexts. Further use cases involve long-distance (intercontinental) transfers to and from JASMIN, and collecting results from a mobile atmospheric radar system, pushing data to JASMIN via a lightweight Globus deployment. We provide details of how Globus fits into our current infrastructure, our experience of the recent migration to GCSv5.4, and of our interest in developing use of the wider ecosystem of Globus services for the benefit of our user community.
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Graspan: A Big Data System for Big Code AnalysisAftab Hussain
We built a disk-based parallel graph system, Graspan, that uses a novel edge-pair centric computation model to compute dynamic transitive closures on very large program graphs.
We implement context-sensitive pointer/alias and dataflow analyses on Graspan. An evaluation of these analyses on large codebases such as Linux shows that their Graspan implementations scale to millions of lines of code and are much simpler than their original implementations.
These analyses were used to augment the existing checkers; these augmented checkers found 132 new NULL pointer bugs and 1308 unnecessary NULL tests in Linux 4.4.0-rc5, PostgreSQL 8.3.9, and Apache httpd 2.2.18.
- Accepted in ASPLOS ‘17, Xi’an, China.
- Featured in the tutorial, Systemized Program Analyses: A Big Data Perspective on Static Analysis Scalability, ASPLOS ‘17.
- Invited for presentation at SoCal PLS ‘16.
- Invited for poster presentation at PLDI SRC ‘16.
Large Language Models and the End of ProgrammingMatt Welsh
Talk by Matt Welsh at Craft Conference 2024 on the impact that Large Language Models will have on the future of software development. In this talk, I discuss the ways in which LLMs will impact the software industry, from replacing human software developers with AI, to replacing conventional software with models that perform reasoning, computation, and problem-solving.
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2. A quick review in inheritance and polymorphism
1. We have avoided code duplication
2. We have overridden some methods that need
specific implementation by the subclasses
3. We created a polymorphic design, so that we
can use Animal references as arguments for any
subtype class even those that haven’t been
created yet.
4. By establishing a common protocol in the
inheritance tree we buy more extendibility for
our code-design.
3. Abstract and concrete classes
• It doesn’t make sense for some
superclasses to be instantiated.
• We still need superclasses for the
purpose of inheritance and
polymorphism but it has no meaning a
generic use of them.
• There is a simple way to stop a class
from being instantiated and that is the
declaration abstract
• Abstract classes can still be used as
references.
• Only the less abstract subclasses -the
concrete classes -should be
Instantiated.
Syntax
abstract class Canine extends Animal {
public void Roam() { }
}
4. Abstract methods
• You might decide that some behaviors of an abstract class don’t make sense unless
they’re implemented by subclasses.
• An abstract class means the class must be extended.
• An abstract method means the method must be overridden.
• An abstract method has no body .
• If you declare an abstract method, you MUST mark the class abstract as well. You
can’t have an abstract method in a non-abstract class.
• An abstract class can still have non-abstract methods.
SYNTAX
public abstract void eat();
5. You must implement all abstract methods
Implementing an abstract method is like overriding a method
So you have to create a non-abstract method with the same signature and a return
type that is compatible to the return type of the abstract method.
The first concrete class in the inheritance tree must provide a body to an abstract
class
However it can avoid this “responsibility” by being abstract itself.
6. Polymorphism in action
Lets say we want to build our
own ArrayList that holds Dog
objects
We’ll use an array of dogs
Implement an add method
7. What about if we want to keep Cats too
1. Make a separate class , MyCatList to hold
Cat objects
2. Make a single class DogAndCatList that
keeps two different arrays as instance
variables and has two add methods
3. Make an Animal List class, that takes any
Animal subtype
8. Can we make a class generic enough to
take anything?
Every class in Java extends class
Object the superclass of everything
We were writing subclasses of class
Object from the beginning of time.
Without a common superclass we
wouldn't be able to create our
custom types of classes
9. Using polymorphic references of type Object has a price
Everything comes out of an ArrayList<Object> as a reference of type Object regardless of
what the actual object is , or what the reference type was when you added the object to the
list
10. Some further implications
Object o = al.get(index);
int i = o.hashCode();
o.bark(); // it won’t compile
Is it a problem to have to use an Object
reference variable to refer to a subclass object?
The compiler decides whether you
can call a method based on the
reference type, not the actual
object type.
11. A first glance at the object form in the Heap
• An object contains everything it inherits
from each of its superclasses .That means
that every object is also an instance of
class Object so it can be treated that way.
• If a reference is like a remote control, the
remote control takes on more buttons as
you move down the inheritance tree. So
an Object reference has fewer buttons
than the subtype reference “remote
control”
12. Casting an object reference back to its real type.
If you are not sure of the class subtype you can
use the instanceof operator to check.
if (o instanceof Dog) {
Dog d = (Dog) o;
}
• If you need to treat the object as its subtype
you need a reference (remote control) to
access all its specific methods.
• You can make a new subtype reference to
the object by copying the Object reference
and forcing that copy to go into the subtype
reference variable
• The above procedure is called cast.
13. Specifications changed. Is our design reusable?
• Imagine that you have to use your previous design for a PetShop program.
• You have to implement Pet behaviors like beFriendly() and play().
• You could simply add some methods more methods without breaking any
existing method implementation.
• But where would you implement the new methods and why? What are the
possible problems that can occur?
Let’s see look closer to some scenarios
17. What the ideal
approach would be?
A way to have pet behavior in just the
pet classes
A way to guarantee that all pet classes
have all of the same methods defined
(same name, same arguments, same
return types, no missing methods,
etc.), without having to cross your
fingers and hope all the programmers
get it right.
A way to take advantage of
polymorphism so that all pets can
have their pet methods called, without
having to use arguments, return types,
and arrays for each and every pet
class.
18. The previous class
diagram is not permitted
• Multiple Inheritance is not
supported in Java since it can
lead to severe problems
• The most serious is the so
called Deadly Diamond of
Death.
So how do we handle the
whole thing with Pet/Animal
class?
19. Interface gives us the solution
• A Java interface solves multiple
inheritance problem by giving the
polymorphic benefits without the
DDD.
• The way that interfaces elect to
side-step DDD is by keeping all
the methods abstract.
• That way the subclass that has to
play that role must implement all
the methods (provide body)
SYNTAX
To DEFINE an interface:
public interface Pet {...}
To IMPLEMENT an interface:
public class Dog extends Canine implements Pet {...}
20. Advantages and characteristics of an Interface
• Interfaces buy us polymorphism and flexibility.
• You can pass anything that implements an interface as an argument or a return type.
• Even from a completely different inheritance tree
• You treat an object by the role it plays and not the class that it was instantiated.
• A class can implement multiple interfaces
21. Things to think over when you design your class diagram
How do you know whether to make a class, a
subclass, an abstract class, or an interface?
1. Make a class that doesn’t extend
anything(other than Object) when your
new class doesn’t pass the IS-A test for
any other type. Make a subclass (in other
words, extend a class)only when you
need to make a more specific version of
a class and need to override or add new
behaviors.
2. Use an abstract class when you want to
define a template for a group of
subclasses, and you have at least some
implementation code that all subclasses
could use. Make the class abstract when
you want to guarantee that nobody can
make objects of that type.
3. Use an interface when you want to
define a role that other classes can play,
regardless of where those classes are in
the inheritance tree.