computer science
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
0 likes•103 views
Computer data storage, often called storage or memory, is a technology consisting of computer components and recording media used to retain digital data. It is a core function and fundamental component of computers. In practice, almost all computers use a storage hierarchy, which puts fast but expensive and small storage options close to the CPU and slower but larger and cheaper options farther away. The CPU consists of a control unit that controls the flow of data between the CPU and memory and an arithmetic logic unit that performs arithmetic and logical operations on data.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Computer
This document summarizes key hardware components of a computer system. It describes input devices like keyboards and mice that input data, and output devices like monitors and printers that output data. It explains that the central processing unit, or CPU, is the "brain" of the computer and manipulates data according to instructions. Data storage devices like hard drives store data and programs. Primary storage includes RAM and ROM on the motherboard, while secondary storage includes external storage devices. RAM is volatile memory for running programs, and ROM contains startup instructions. The document also defines units of data storage measurement.
Raja srivatsa
The document discusses the key components of a computer system. It describes hardware components like the monitor, keyboard, and motherboard. It explains how data is input into the system and processed to produce output. The central processing unit controls other parts and carries out instructions through electrical signals. Data and software are stored temporarily in RAM or long-term in secondary storage like a hard disk. Faster memory stores frequently used code and data while slower memory stores less used items.
The main components of a compuner
The motherboard holds many crucial electronic components like the CPU and memory. The CPU performs all operations and calculations to run the computer. It has a control unit that determines the order of instructions and an arithmetic logic unit that performs math. RAM is the main memory and allows for random access of data to make the computer appear faster. Secondary memory like a hard drive is used for permanent storage of files and does not disappear when powered off.
I tf
IT refers to technologies that allow users to record, store, process, transmit, and receive information. A computer takes data as input, transforms it according to stored instructions, and outputs the processed information. The central processing unit (CPU) controls and manipulates data in a computer's memory, arithmetic logic unit (ALU), and control unit. The control unit obtains and interprets instructions to notify other components, while the ALU performs logical and arithmetic operations. Memory stores programs and data during processing in volatile, randomly accessible locations. Input and output units convert and display data. Secondary storage provides long-term, non-volatile data storage outside the CPU.
Tommy computer components
The CPU controls all components on the motherboard and other devices and acts as the computer's brain. RAM is short-term memory that loses data when the computer is turned off. The hard drive is permanent storage for saving, copying, and deleting data. The heat sink and motherboard work together to ventilate components and connect them to prevent overheating. A NIC card allows the computer to connect to a network.
Memory Presentation
This document discusses different types of computer memory. It describes main memory, which temporarily stores data and programs for direct CPU access. Main memory types include RAM, ROM, cache, and registers. Secondary memory stores much larger amounts of data for extended periods and includes hard disks, floppy disks, magnetic tapes, and optical disks. Important secondary storage methods are also outlined.
Intro computers
Computer systems have four main parts - hardware, software, data, and users. Hardware includes physical components like processors and memory, while software provides instructions. Data is stored information, and users interact with the system. Computers use processors to manipulate data according to program instructions stored temporarily in primary memory like RAM, and more permanently in secondary storage like hard disks. Memory hierarchies allow for faster access to smaller amounts of frequently used data in components like cache. Optical disks provide large but read-only secondary storage, while magnetic disks allow for rewriting and portability.
Unit 1
The document discusses the components and organization of a computer system. It describes the key elements as hardware, software, people, procedures, data, and connectivity. The hardware consists of input and output devices. Software includes system software, application software, operating systems, utility software, and language processors. The CPU contains an ALU, memory unit, and control unit. Memory is hierarchical, from registers to cache to main memory to secondary storage. Von Neumann architecture uses a stored program concept with CPU, memory, and I/O. Interrupts notify the CPU to service devices. Multiprocessor systems improve performance through parallel processing.
Recommended
Computer
This document summarizes key hardware components of a computer system. It describes input devices like keyboards and mice that input data, and output devices like monitors and printers that output data. It explains that the central processing unit, or CPU, is the "brain" of the computer and manipulates data according to instructions. Data storage devices like hard drives store data and programs. Primary storage includes RAM and ROM on the motherboard, while secondary storage includes external storage devices. RAM is volatile memory for running programs, and ROM contains startup instructions. The document also defines units of data storage measurement.
Raja srivatsa
The document discusses the key components of a computer system. It describes hardware components like the monitor, keyboard, and motherboard. It explains how data is input into the system and processed to produce output. The central processing unit controls other parts and carries out instructions through electrical signals. Data and software are stored temporarily in RAM or long-term in secondary storage like a hard disk. Faster memory stores frequently used code and data while slower memory stores less used items.
The main components of a compuner
The motherboard holds many crucial electronic components like the CPU and memory. The CPU performs all operations and calculations to run the computer. It has a control unit that determines the order of instructions and an arithmetic logic unit that performs math. RAM is the main memory and allows for random access of data to make the computer appear faster. Secondary memory like a hard drive is used for permanent storage of files and does not disappear when powered off.
I tf
IT refers to technologies that allow users to record, store, process, transmit, and receive information. A computer takes data as input, transforms it according to stored instructions, and outputs the processed information. The central processing unit (CPU) controls and manipulates data in a computer's memory, arithmetic logic unit (ALU), and control unit. The control unit obtains and interprets instructions to notify other components, while the ALU performs logical and arithmetic operations. Memory stores programs and data during processing in volatile, randomly accessible locations. Input and output units convert and display data. Secondary storage provides long-term, non-volatile data storage outside the CPU.
Tommy computer components
The CPU controls all components on the motherboard and other devices and acts as the computer's brain. RAM is short-term memory that loses data when the computer is turned off. The hard drive is permanent storage for saving, copying, and deleting data. The heat sink and motherboard work together to ventilate components and connect them to prevent overheating. A NIC card allows the computer to connect to a network.
Memory Presentation
This document discusses different types of computer memory. It describes main memory, which temporarily stores data and programs for direct CPU access. Main memory types include RAM, ROM, cache, and registers. Secondary memory stores much larger amounts of data for extended periods and includes hard disks, floppy disks, magnetic tapes, and optical disks. Important secondary storage methods are also outlined.
Intro computers
Computer systems have four main parts - hardware, software, data, and users. Hardware includes physical components like processors and memory, while software provides instructions. Data is stored information, and users interact with the system. Computers use processors to manipulate data according to program instructions stored temporarily in primary memory like RAM, and more permanently in secondary storage like hard disks. Memory hierarchies allow for faster access to smaller amounts of frequently used data in components like cache. Optical disks provide large but read-only secondary storage, while magnetic disks allow for rewriting and portability.
Unit 1
The document discusses the components and organization of a computer system. It describes the key elements as hardware, software, people, procedures, data, and connectivity. The hardware consists of input and output devices. Software includes system software, application software, operating systems, utility software, and language processors. The CPU contains an ALU, memory unit, and control unit. Memory is hierarchical, from registers to cache to main memory to secondary storage. Von Neumann architecture uses a stored program concept with CPU, memory, and I/O. Interrupts notify the CPU to service devices. Multiprocessor systems improve performance through parallel processing.
Luis miranda
Storage devices are components that read or write data to external storage media or devices and comprise secondary computer storage memory. Storage devices can store data internally in RAM or externally in storage devices like USB drives, disk drives, and other peripherals. A storage device is any device used to permanently or temporarily record a computer's data, such as a disk drive along with its disks. Computers have primary internal storage and secondary external storage devices. Input devices are also used to enter data into the computer for processing and storage in main memory.
computer fundamentals
The document provides an overview of computers and their components. It discusses how Charles Babbage designed the first computer in the 19th century and the five generations of computers. It describes the central processing unit, input/output devices, storage devices including memory types, and computer networks. Key components include the CPU for processing, memory for storage, input devices like keyboards, and output devices like monitors. Storage devices include internal memory, primary memory like RAM and ROM, and secondary memory like hard disks. Wireless technologies like Bluetooth and Wi-Fi enable connectivity between devices.
In the heart of computers
The Control Unit controls data transfers between input and output devices and activates other computer units to carry out functions. It examines program instructions to interpret them, decodes the instructions, and ensures they are executed in the proper sequence. The Arithmetic Logic Unit performs logical operations, data manipulation, and mathematical calculations. Registers are high-speed memory units used for special tasks like storing the address of the next instruction, holding the currently executing instruction, and temporarily storing processed data. Units in the CPU are connected by buses that transfer data and control signals.
Draw and explain the architecture of general purpose microprocessor
Draw and explain the architecture of general purpose microprocessor Pundra university Science and technology
The presentation introduces the topic of microprocessor architecture. It defines a microprocessor as the central processing unit of a computer system that performs arithmetic and logic operations. It then explains that a microprocessor works by accepting binary data as input, processing it using an arithmetic logic unit and control unit, and providing output based on stored instructions. Finally, it provides a block diagram showing the typical components of a microprocessor system, including the microprocessor, memory, input/output devices, and interfaces.Block diagram of computer
The document discusses the basic blocks of a computer system. It describes the input unit which includes keyboards, mice and other input devices that feed data into the system. The output unit is described as including monitors, printers and other devices that display or output results. The central processing unit is explained as containing the arithmetic logic unit for calculations, the control unit for managing the system, and memory for temporary and permanent data storage.
Assignment no 1
The document is an assignment submission on computer components and their basic functions. It begins with identifying information about the assignment such as the course, instructor, and student. It then provides definitions of a computer and its ability to accept input, process data, and produce output. The main body describes 5 core computer components - the motherboard, central processing unit, graphics processing unit, RAM unit, and storage unit. It provides a brief explanation of the basic function of each component and how it contributes to the overall computer system.
1 hardware
The document discusses the history and evolution of computer hardware from the first generation of vacuum tube computers to current generation computers using grand-scale integrated circuits. It describes the main components of computer hardware including the central processing unit, primary and secondary storage, and input/output devices. It also covers topics such as computer memory, microprocessors, and emerging technologies.
memory unit
The document discusses computer memory units. It describes three types of memory: internal processor memory, primary memory (RAM and ROM), and secondary memory (magnetic tapes, disks, and optical disks). Primary memory handles data, with RAM being volatile and ROM being non-volatile. Secondary memory stores output and installed software. The document also defines common units for measuring computer memory capacity, such as bytes, kilobytes, megabytes, and terabytes.
The CPU and Memory and Major Components
The CPU and Memory
CPU: 3 Major Components
ALU (arithmetic logic unit)
CU (control unit)
Registers
System Block Diagram
Concept of Registers
Operation of Memory
Visual Analogy of Memory
Individual Memory Cell
RAM: Random Access Memory)
SRAM (static RAM)
ROM - Read Only Memory
Flash ROM
Fetch-Execute Cycle
Point-to-point vs. Multipoint
4 kinds of signals
Data (alphanumeric, numerical, instructions)
Addresses
Control signals
Power (sometimes)
busses
General Computer
A computer consists of memory for storing information, input/output devices like keyboards and displays for interacting with stored data, and a central processing unit for manipulating the stored information. Memory comes in different types like ROM for long-term storage and RAM for short-term use. Data highways like data buses, USB ports, HDMI ports, and Ethernet ports allow information to move between memory, processing units, and input/output devices.
Cpu introduction to computer
This document provides an introduction to computers and their components. It discusses that a computer accepts data from input devices, processes it using its CPU and memory, and outputs processed data. The main components of a computer are the CPU (which contains the ALU and CU), memory, input devices, output devices, and secondary storage. The CPU performs calculations and logical operations. Memory is used to store programs and data. Input devices enter data, output devices display processed data. Secondary storage like hard disks store large amounts of data long-term. The document also covers software, programming languages, limitations of computers, and applications of computers.
Discovery of computer
The CPU, or central processing unit, is considered the brain of the computer as it controls all computer operations and processes data. It has two main components - the arithmetic logic unit which performs calculations and logic operations, and the control unit which manages instructions. Other components include registers and cache memory. The CPU receives instructions from both hardware and software and is responsible for handling all operations in the computer system.
Components of-computer-2-1226486763942707-9
The document discusses the main components of a computer system. It describes hardware as the physical components like the CPU, monitor, keyboard, disks, and printer. Software refers to programs that enable the hardware to function. The central processing unit (CPU) acts as the brain and performs all data processing through its arithmetic logic unit, control unit, registers, buses, and clock. Memory and storage units store data, instructions, and information for processing by the CPU.
2 history of computers
This document provides an overview of computer hardware by discussing computer generations, classification of computer systems, computer system concepts, and computer peripherals. It describes the evolution of computers from early generations that used vacuum tubes to modern generations that use microprocessors. It classifies systems as microcomputers, midrange, and mainframe and discusses their characteristics. It also outlines the basic components and functions of a computer system including the CPU, memory, storage, and multiple processor designs. Finally, it lists common input and output technologies for computers.
SUZETTE TEGA(CHS-EDP)
The document provides an overview of the basic components and functions of a computer system:
1) Input refers to data that is entered into the computer system through input devices like keyboards in order to activate and modify processes.
2) The processor receives input data, stores information in memory, and processes the data. It consists of the central processing unit and main storage.
3) Storage, such as magnetic core memory and semiconductor memory, holds data and instructions outside of the computer's main memory.
4) Output sends the results of processed data back to the user through output devices like printers and screens.
3. basic organization of a computer
The document summarizes the basic organization and components of a computer system. It describes the main components as the central processing unit (CPU), memory which includes primary memory like RAM and ROM, secondary memory like hard disks, and processing devices like buses and the system clock that connect the components. It also discusses the software components like operating systems, drivers, and programming languages at different levels from machine code to high-level languages. Compilers, linkers, and interpreters are involved in translating between language levels.
Components of computer, CPU computer funfament ppt
Components of computer, CPU computer fundamental ppt
References = computer fundamental book
published by = P.K Sinha
Course= BCA ,Sem=1,Yr=1
presentation- 13 slides
contents=all the components of computer
Block Diagram of Computer
The document discusses the block diagram of a computer. It describes the main components of a computer which include input, processing, storage, output, and communication. The processing unit contains the central processing unit (CPU) which has a control unit and arithmetic logical unit. The control unit can be hardwired or microprogrammable. Storage includes random access memory (RAM) and read only memory (ROM). Input devices take data into the computer and output devices display or print the processed data from the computer.
Computer Architecture
The document provides an overview of computer architecture and its major components. It discusses the fetch-execute cycle, central processing unit (CPU) and its components like the arithmetic logic unit and control unit. It also describes the program counter, instruction register, cache, virtual memory and hard drives. The document aims to explain the basic layout and interaction of a computer system from both hardware and software perspectives.
Chapter 7
This document summarizes input/output (I/O) and discusses I/O problems, I/O modules, external devices, typical I/O data rates, and I/O module functions. It then describes I/O module control and timing, processor communication, device communication, and I/O techniques including programmed I/O, interrupt-driven I/O, and direct memory access (DMA).
Introduction to comp science
A basic handout of a computer system provides operating system overview, hardware operations and basic functions of a computer system as a comprehensive entity.
fundamentals of digital communication unit 2 notes.pdf
The document discusses different types of computer memory including primary and secondary memory. Primary memory includes RAM and ROM. RAM is volatile and used for temporary storage of data and instructions during processing. ROM is non-volatile and stores permanent programs like the BIOS. Secondary storage includes hard disks and optical disks for permanent storage of data. The CPU uses registers in RAM for processing and interacts with RAM faster than secondary storage.
More Related Content
What's hot
Luis miranda
Storage devices are components that read or write data to external storage media or devices and comprise secondary computer storage memory. Storage devices can store data internally in RAM or externally in storage devices like USB drives, disk drives, and other peripherals. A storage device is any device used to permanently or temporarily record a computer's data, such as a disk drive along with its disks. Computers have primary internal storage and secondary external storage devices. Input devices are also used to enter data into the computer for processing and storage in main memory.
computer fundamentals
The document provides an overview of computers and their components. It discusses how Charles Babbage designed the first computer in the 19th century and the five generations of computers. It describes the central processing unit, input/output devices, storage devices including memory types, and computer networks. Key components include the CPU for processing, memory for storage, input devices like keyboards, and output devices like monitors. Storage devices include internal memory, primary memory like RAM and ROM, and secondary memory like hard disks. Wireless technologies like Bluetooth and Wi-Fi enable connectivity between devices.
In the heart of computers
The Control Unit controls data transfers between input and output devices and activates other computer units to carry out functions. It examines program instructions to interpret them, decodes the instructions, and ensures they are executed in the proper sequence. The Arithmetic Logic Unit performs logical operations, data manipulation, and mathematical calculations. Registers are high-speed memory units used for special tasks like storing the address of the next instruction, holding the currently executing instruction, and temporarily storing processed data. Units in the CPU are connected by buses that transfer data and control signals.
Draw and explain the architecture of general purpose microprocessor
Draw and explain the architecture of general purpose microprocessor Pundra university Science and technology
The presentation introduces the topic of microprocessor architecture. It defines a microprocessor as the central processing unit of a computer system that performs arithmetic and logic operations. It then explains that a microprocessor works by accepting binary data as input, processing it using an arithmetic logic unit and control unit, and providing output based on stored instructions. Finally, it provides a block diagram showing the typical components of a microprocessor system, including the microprocessor, memory, input/output devices, and interfaces.Block diagram of computer
The document discusses the basic blocks of a computer system. It describes the input unit which includes keyboards, mice and other input devices that feed data into the system. The output unit is described as including monitors, printers and other devices that display or output results. The central processing unit is explained as containing the arithmetic logic unit for calculations, the control unit for managing the system, and memory for temporary and permanent data storage.
Assignment no 1
The document is an assignment submission on computer components and their basic functions. It begins with identifying information about the assignment such as the course, instructor, and student. It then provides definitions of a computer and its ability to accept input, process data, and produce output. The main body describes 5 core computer components - the motherboard, central processing unit, graphics processing unit, RAM unit, and storage unit. It provides a brief explanation of the basic function of each component and how it contributes to the overall computer system.
1 hardware
The document discusses the history and evolution of computer hardware from the first generation of vacuum tube computers to current generation computers using grand-scale integrated circuits. It describes the main components of computer hardware including the central processing unit, primary and secondary storage, and input/output devices. It also covers topics such as computer memory, microprocessors, and emerging technologies.
memory unit
The document discusses computer memory units. It describes three types of memory: internal processor memory, primary memory (RAM and ROM), and secondary memory (magnetic tapes, disks, and optical disks). Primary memory handles data, with RAM being volatile and ROM being non-volatile. Secondary memory stores output and installed software. The document also defines common units for measuring computer memory capacity, such as bytes, kilobytes, megabytes, and terabytes.
The CPU and Memory and Major Components
The CPU and Memory
CPU: 3 Major Components
ALU (arithmetic logic unit)
CU (control unit)
Registers
System Block Diagram
Concept of Registers
Operation of Memory
Visual Analogy of Memory
Individual Memory Cell
RAM: Random Access Memory)
SRAM (static RAM)
ROM - Read Only Memory
Flash ROM
Fetch-Execute Cycle
Point-to-point vs. Multipoint
4 kinds of signals
Data (alphanumeric, numerical, instructions)
Addresses
Control signals
Power (sometimes)
busses
General Computer
A computer consists of memory for storing information, input/output devices like keyboards and displays for interacting with stored data, and a central processing unit for manipulating the stored information. Memory comes in different types like ROM for long-term storage and RAM for short-term use. Data highways like data buses, USB ports, HDMI ports, and Ethernet ports allow information to move between memory, processing units, and input/output devices.
Cpu introduction to computer
This document provides an introduction to computers and their components. It discusses that a computer accepts data from input devices, processes it using its CPU and memory, and outputs processed data. The main components of a computer are the CPU (which contains the ALU and CU), memory, input devices, output devices, and secondary storage. The CPU performs calculations and logical operations. Memory is used to store programs and data. Input devices enter data, output devices display processed data. Secondary storage like hard disks store large amounts of data long-term. The document also covers software, programming languages, limitations of computers, and applications of computers.
Discovery of computer
The CPU, or central processing unit, is considered the brain of the computer as it controls all computer operations and processes data. It has two main components - the arithmetic logic unit which performs calculations and logic operations, and the control unit which manages instructions. Other components include registers and cache memory. The CPU receives instructions from both hardware and software and is responsible for handling all operations in the computer system.
Components of-computer-2-1226486763942707-9
The document discusses the main components of a computer system. It describes hardware as the physical components like the CPU, monitor, keyboard, disks, and printer. Software refers to programs that enable the hardware to function. The central processing unit (CPU) acts as the brain and performs all data processing through its arithmetic logic unit, control unit, registers, buses, and clock. Memory and storage units store data, instructions, and information for processing by the CPU.
2 history of computers
This document provides an overview of computer hardware by discussing computer generations, classification of computer systems, computer system concepts, and computer peripherals. It describes the evolution of computers from early generations that used vacuum tubes to modern generations that use microprocessors. It classifies systems as microcomputers, midrange, and mainframe and discusses their characteristics. It also outlines the basic components and functions of a computer system including the CPU, memory, storage, and multiple processor designs. Finally, it lists common input and output technologies for computers.
SUZETTE TEGA(CHS-EDP)
The document provides an overview of the basic components and functions of a computer system:
1) Input refers to data that is entered into the computer system through input devices like keyboards in order to activate and modify processes.
2) The processor receives input data, stores information in memory, and processes the data. It consists of the central processing unit and main storage.
3) Storage, such as magnetic core memory and semiconductor memory, holds data and instructions outside of the computer's main memory.
4) Output sends the results of processed data back to the user through output devices like printers and screens.
3. basic organization of a computer
The document summarizes the basic organization and components of a computer system. It describes the main components as the central processing unit (CPU), memory which includes primary memory like RAM and ROM, secondary memory like hard disks, and processing devices like buses and the system clock that connect the components. It also discusses the software components like operating systems, drivers, and programming languages at different levels from machine code to high-level languages. Compilers, linkers, and interpreters are involved in translating between language levels.
Components of computer, CPU computer funfament ppt
Components of computer, CPU computer fundamental ppt
References = computer fundamental book
published by = P.K Sinha
Course= BCA ,Sem=1,Yr=1
presentation- 13 slides
contents=all the components of computer
Block Diagram of Computer
The document discusses the block diagram of a computer. It describes the main components of a computer which include input, processing, storage, output, and communication. The processing unit contains the central processing unit (CPU) which has a control unit and arithmetic logical unit. The control unit can be hardwired or microprogrammable. Storage includes random access memory (RAM) and read only memory (ROM). Input devices take data into the computer and output devices display or print the processed data from the computer.
Computer Architecture
The document provides an overview of computer architecture and its major components. It discusses the fetch-execute cycle, central processing unit (CPU) and its components like the arithmetic logic unit and control unit. It also describes the program counter, instruction register, cache, virtual memory and hard drives. The document aims to explain the basic layout and interaction of a computer system from both hardware and software perspectives.
Chapter 7
This document summarizes input/output (I/O) and discusses I/O problems, I/O modules, external devices, typical I/O data rates, and I/O module functions. It then describes I/O module control and timing, processor communication, device communication, and I/O techniques including programmed I/O, interrupt-driven I/O, and direct memory access (DMA).
What's hot (20)
Draw and explain the architecture of general purpose microprocessor
Draw and explain the architecture of general purpose microprocessor
Components of computer, CPU computer funfament ppt
Components of computer, CPU computer funfament ppt
Similar to computer science
Introduction to comp science
A basic handout of a computer system provides operating system overview, hardware operations and basic functions of a computer system as a comprehensive entity.
fundamentals of digital communication unit 2 notes.pdf
The document discusses different types of computer memory including primary and secondary memory. Primary memory includes RAM and ROM. RAM is volatile and used for temporary storage of data and instructions during processing. ROM is non-volatile and stores permanent programs like the BIOS. Secondary storage includes hard disks and optical disks for permanent storage of data. The CPU uses registers in RAM for processing and interacts with RAM faster than secondary storage.
Memory hierarchy
The document discusses the memory hierarchy in computers. It explains that main memory communicates directly with the CPU, while auxiliary memory devices like magnetic tapes and disks provide backup storage. The total memory is organized in a hierarchy from slow but high-capacity auxiliary devices to faster main memory to an even smaller and faster cache memory. The goal is to maximize access speed while minimizing costs. Cache memory helps speed access to frequently used data and programs.
Components of a digital computer.ppt
A typical personal computer consists of several main components that work together:
- Storage devices like hard disks, CDs, and DVDs store programs and files.
- A central processing unit (CPU) interprets and carries out instructions. Memory temporarily stores data and instructions for the CPU.
- Input devices like keyboards and mice allow entering data. Output devices like monitors, printers, and speakers display and present information to the user.
Basics of computer acrchitercture.pptx
computer
architecture
basic computer
structure of computer
function of computer
evolution of intel architecture
top level view of computer
interrupts
ICT - Lecture Notes 3.pdf
The document discusses how computers represent and store data. Computers use binary digits (bits) represented as electrical voltages to store all types of data. Bits are grouped into bytes of 8 bits to represent characters, numbers, images, sound etc. Memory is measured in bytes, kilobytes and megabytes. RAM is volatile memory that temporarily stores active data and programs, while ROM permanently stores basic startup instructions. Caches improve performance by storing frequently used data closer to the CPU.
Components of a computer
This document summarizes the key components of a typical personal computer. It describes that a personal computer has components that provide storage (hard disks, floppy disks, CD-ROM), memory, a central processing unit, and input/output devices like a keyboard, mouse, display, printer and speakers. The main internal components are then described in more detail, including the monitor, motherboard, CPU, memory (including caches and RAM), ports, and peripheral devices.
2 the computer system hardware
This document provides an overview of computer system hardware. It discusses the central processing unit (CPU), which consists of an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) and control unit (CU). The CPU executes instructions stored in memory and includes registers for temporary storage. The document describes the components of the ALU and control signals used by the CU. It also discusses the memory hierarchy including cache, primary memory like RAM and ROM, and secondary storage. The document outlines how these components are interconnected via buses and how instructions are executed in each step of the instruction cycle.
computer devices and memory unit 2 notes.pdf
This document provides an overview of various computer devices and components. It discusses the central processing unit (CPU) which includes the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) and control unit (CU). It also describes different types of computer memory including primary memory like random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM), as well as secondary storage devices. Finally, it lists several common input/output and network devices.
What's Inside
Computers are machines that perform tasks and calculations based on programmed instructions. Originally huge machines requiring teams to operate, modern computers are vastly smaller yet more powerful, fitting on desks or in pockets. Computers work through an interaction of electronic hardware and software instructions. Hardware are the physical components, while software is programmed code that makes the hardware carry out instructions. Together, these allow computers to perform a wide range of tasks through programmed control systems.
ch1notes IP.pptx
The document discusses the basic components and organization of a computer system. It describes the input and output units that allow for data entry and display. The central processing unit (CPU) is comprised of an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) for processing, a control unit for directing operations, and memory units for temporary and permanent storage. The CPU interacts with primary memory like RAM and secondary memory like hard drives for long-term storage. Together, hardware and software work to power computer functions.
CPU
Describe the purpose of the CPU
Understand how ROM, RAM, I/O, storage link to CPU
Explain performance of CPU – looking at clock speed, cores & cache
Fundamentals of computer Part 1
This document provides an overview of fundamentals of computer including definitions, components, and characteristics. It discusses that a computer accepts data as input, processes it, and generates output. The key components described are the CPU (including control unit and ALU), memory (cache, primary, secondary), and input/output devices. Characteristics of computers mentioned are speed, accuracy, versatility, reliability, and automation. The document also briefly covers software, generations of computers, and types of memory and input/output devices.
Lecture 3 - Processors, Memory and I/O devices
C Programming Language is the most popular computer language and most used programming language till now. It is very simple and elegant language. This lecture series will give you basic concepts of structured programming language with C.
Basic+machine+organization
Computer architecture consists of instruction set architecture (ISA), which is software, and machine organization, which is hardware and design. The basic machine organization includes a CPU with an ALU and control unit, memory subsystem to store data, and I/O subsystem connecting to devices. These components communicate through buses - the address bus specifies memory locations, the data bus transfers data, and the control bus sends signals. The CPU follows an instruction cycle of fetching, decoding, operand fetching, executing instructions, and writing back results through the buses to memory or I/O.
Operating system notes ch1
This document provides an overview of the key topics covered in an introductory operating systems course, including computer system organization, operating system structure and operations, process management, memory management, storage management, protection and security, kernel data structures, and different computing environments. The objectives of the course are to describe basic computer system organization, provide a tour of major operating system components, and explore open-source operating systems and different types of computing environments like mobile, distributed, client-server, and peer-to-peer.
Components Of Computer unit-2
The document discusses the key components of a computer system. It describes hardware as the physical components like the CPU, monitor, keyboard, disks, and printer. Software refers to programs that allow the hardware to function. The main components of a computer are the input and output devices, central processing unit (CPU), and memory. The CPU acts as the brain and performs all processing. It consists of an arithmetic logic unit, control unit, registers, buses, and clock. The control unit manages data and instruction transfer between components. Memory is used to store data, instructions, and information before, during, and after processing. Storage devices like hard disks allow for permanent data storage.
BBA CHAPTER COMPUTER HARDWARE 5 .pptx
This document provides an introduction to computer hardware. It discusses what a computer is and its basic components like input, output, processing and storage devices. It explains the differences between various types of computer memory like RAM, ROM, cache and primary memory. It also discusses concepts like Moore's Law and how computer performance and memory capacity have increased exponentially over time.
Fundamentals of Computers and Operating System(OS)
This comprehensive PowerPoint presentation is designed to provide a foundational understanding of computers, their components, and their functions. It is ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in gaining a solid grasp of the basics of computer science.
The presentation covers the following key topics:
1. What is a Computer?
- The presentation begins with a clear definition of a computer, detailing its basic functions as an electronic device that processes data. It highlights the computer's ability to perform arithmetic and logical operations.
2. What is an Operating System?
- This section introduces the operating system (OS) as the crucial software that manages hardware and software resources. A detailed block diagram illustrates the OS's components.
3. Components of a Computer:
- The presentation breaks down the primary components of a computer system, including the central processing unit (CPU), memory, input/output devices, and storage devices.
4. Different Generations of Computers:
- A historical perspective is provided on the evolution of computers, detailing the five generations from vacuum tubes to artificial intelligence.
5. Hardware and Software:
- An exploration of the difference between hardware (the physical components of a computer) and software (the programs and applications that run on the hardware). Examples of various hardware components.
6. Input and Output Devices:
- Detailed descriptions of common input devices (such as keyboards and mice) and output devices (such as monitors and printers). This section explains how these devices enable users to interact with the computer and receive feedback.
7. Storage and Memory Devices:
- The presentation covers different types of storage (like hard drives, SSDs, and optical discs) and memory (RAM and ROM).
This presentation serves as a foundational resource for anyone looking to gain a better understanding of computers and their operations. Whether you are a student, educator, or tech enthusiast, "Intro to Computers & OS: Key Concepts" offers valuable insights and a structured approach to learning about the integral components and functions of modern computing systems.
Introduction-to-Modern-Computer-Architecture (1).pptx
Modern computer architecture encompasses the integrated components, design principles, and underlying technologies that power computing devices. It describes the central processing unit for executing instructions, computer memory for temporary and permanent data storage, and input/output devices for user interaction. The von Neumann architecture involves fetching instructions from memory, decoding them, and executing the operations. Processor organization includes registers, cache memory, and main memory, while storage devices provide long-term file storage. Common input devices are keyboards and mice, with displays and printers as main outputs.
Similar to computer science (20)
fundamentals of digital communication unit 2 notes.pdf
fundamentals of digital communication unit 2 notes.pdf
Fundamentals of Computers and Operating System(OS)
Fundamentals of Computers and Operating System(OS)
Introduction-to-Modern-Computer-Architecture (1).pptx
Introduction-to-Modern-Computer-Architecture (1).pptx
Recently uploaded
How to Create a More Engaging and Human Online Learning Experience
How to Create a More Engaging and Human Online Learning Experience Wahiba Chair Training & Consulting
Wahiba Chair's Talk at the 2024 Learning Ideas Conference. Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Advanced Java[Extra Concepts, Not Difficult].docx
This is part 2 of my Java Learning Journey. This contains Hashing, ArrayList, LinkedList, Date and Time Classes, Calendar Class and more.
BÀI TẬP DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 7 CẢ NĂM FRIENDS PLUS SÁCH CHÂN TRỜI SÁNG TẠO ...
BÀI TẬP DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 7 CẢ NĂM FRIENDS PLUS SÁCH CHÂN TRỜI SÁNG TẠO ...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
https://app.box.com/s/qhtvq32h4ybf9t49ku85x0n3xl4jhr15Constructing Your Course Container for Effective Communication
Communicating effectively and consistently with students can help them feel at ease during their learning experience and provide the instructor with a communication trail to track the course's progress. This workshop will take you through constructing an engaging course container to facilitate effective communication.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docx
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
Wound healing PPT
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptx
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
https://app.box.com/s/tacvl9ekroe9hqupdnjruiypvm9rdaneChapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
Physical pharmaceutics notes for B.pharm students
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Recently uploaded (20)
How to Create a More Engaging and Human Online Learning Experience
How to Create a More Engaging and Human Online Learning Experience
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...
BÀI TẬP DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 7 CẢ NĂM FRIENDS PLUS SÁCH CHÂN TRỜI SÁNG TẠO ...
BÀI TẬP DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 7 CẢ NĂM FRIENDS PLUS SÁCH CHÂN TRỜI SÁNG TẠO ...
Constructing Your Course Container for Effective Communication
Constructing Your Course Container for Effective Communication
B. Ed Syllabus for babasaheb ambedkar education university.pdf
B. Ed Syllabus for babasaheb ambedkar education university.pdf
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptx
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptx
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
spot a liar (Haiqa 146).pptx Technical writhing and presentation skills
spot a liar (Haiqa 146).pptx Technical writhing and presentation skills
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
computer science
- 2. • Computer data storage, often called storage or memory, is a technology consisting of computer components and recording media used to retain digital data. It is a core function and fundamental component of computers. • The central processing unit (CPU) of a computer is what manipulates data by performing computations. In practice, almost all computers use a storage hierarchy, which puts fast but expensive and small storage options close to the CPU and slower but larger and cheaper options farther away. Often the fast, volatile technologies (which lose data when powered off) are referred to as "memory", while slower permanent technologies are referred to as "storage", but these terms can also be used interchangeably. In the Von Neumann architecture, the CPU consists of two main parts: control unit and arithmetic logic unit (ALU). The former controls the flow of data between the CPU and memory; the latter performs arithmetic and logical operations on data.