The document details a seminar on cryogenic fuels, explaining their properties, applications in rocket engines, and the importance of low-temperature storage for substances like liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen. It covers the chemical reactions involved, benefits such as environmental sustainability, and challenges like storage requirements and safety risks. Overall, cryogenic fuels are highlighted as efficient energy sources for space travel despite their handling dangers.

1. A Technical Seminar on
“Cryogenic Fuel”
BY: Under the guidance of:
Name: Adarsh J Prof. Sreekanth M.P
USN: 4AL16ME400 Dept. of Mechanical
Semester: 7th “B” section A.I.E.T Mijar
Dept. of Mechanical
A.I.E.T Mijar

2. What is Fuel.?
Material that reacts with other substance
and liberate energy in the form of
mechanical or electrical work.
Example: gasoline, coal and other
petroleum products

3. What do you mean by “Cryogenic”.?
• The cryogenic gets its name from the extremely cold temperature at
which propellant is stored.
• Cryogenic fuels require storage at extremely low temperatures in order
to maintain them in a liquid state.
• The Space Shuttle's main engines used for lift off are cryogenic engines.
• These fuels are used in the engines that operate in space
ex: spaceships and satellites.
• For smaller thrust non-cryogenic hypergolic fuels which are compact
and stored at warm temperature.

4. All about cryogenic fuel.
The main use known for this reaction, is in a cryogenic rocket
engine. The word cryogenics refers to matters that involve very
low temperatures, and liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen are at
temperatures under -180 to -253°C. In the engine of the
rocket, these two reactants, one being a fuel, the hydrogen, with
the oxygen is the oxidizer, react with one another to produce
massive amounts of energy, capable of powering even Space
Shuttle Main Engine, into space.

5. Chemical Equation of the reaction.
Hydrogen (H₂) - Reactant
Physical Properties
-A colorless, tasteless, odorless gas
-Lowest density of any element
Oxygen (O₂) - Reactant
Physical Properties
-A colorless, tasteless, odorless gas, but when in
liquid form, has a bluish color to it.
H₂O
Water, or dihydrogen monoxide (H₂O) - Product

6. Different propellant used in rocket engines
 Solid propellants
 Liquid propellants
 Historical propellants
 Gas propellants
 Hybrid propellants
 Gel propellant (Gelled propellant behaves like a solid propellant in
storage and like a liquid propellant in use)

7. • It is beneficial because both materials, Liquid Oxygen and Hydrogen,
are relatively cheap and easy to obtain.
• They also produce a lot of cost-effective energy, enough to power the
take-off of a space shuttle.
• important point is the fact that the main emission of this reaction is
water vapor or water, which is why it is emission-free in a way, making
it a good environmental choice.
Benefits or Advantages ☺

8. Disadvantages or Negative effects 
• The major negative effects of this reaction involve its storage.
• The two liquid elements needed are cryogenic, and must be
stored in a cryogenic container, which must have a temperature
under -270 °C
• storage tanks need to hold up to 3500000 liters of Liquid
Hydrogen and Liquid Oxygen, which requires a really large
tank.
• There are potential dangers to, as these cool tanks that contain
the fuel do have a risk of explosion, and are flammable,
especially liquid hydrogen.

9. Thank you