The document provides an overview of the history and evidence surrounding crop circles. It discusses early historical accounts of crop circles from the 17th century. It then covers the proliferation of crop circles starting in the 1970s and analyses various characteristics of crop circles like plant effects, soil effects, and electromagnetic field anomalies found at crop circle sites. The document also discusses both theories for the circles being caused by natural or man-made causes as well as the possibility of them being created by extraterrestrial phenomena.

1. A Mystery in The Fields What do those Shapes and Circles Mean? Pictures here by Lucy Pringle - http://www.lucypringle.co.uk/

2. Introduction In this presentation, by looking at the available evidence, we will attempt to gain a better understanding of the “Crop Circle” phenomenon. We look at The History of Crop Circles Evidence for Man/Woman Made Crop Circles Evidence for Crop Circles being made by weather or other Atmospheric Phenomena Evidence for Crop Circles made by Extra Terrestrials or other forms of Higher Consciousness Possible meanings of the Crop Circles Crop Circle Messages

3. A History of Crop Circles

4. A History of Crop Circles - 1 One of the earliest descriptions of crop circles is some drawings of two U.K. crop formations described in 1686 by Prof. Robert Plot. Plot examined multiple such formations and states that the soils "under all of them were much looser and dryer than ordinary, and the parts interspersed with a white hoar... much like that in mouldy bread, of a musty rancid smell, but to the tast[e] insipid." This is from -- A Natural History of Staffordshire (1686) Some references I read cast doubt on the validity of this story, however. http://www.bltresearch.com/otherfacts.html#notnew

5. A History of Crop Circles - 2 This crop circle, from the same era (17 th Century), also from the A Natural History of Staffordshire occurred in St. Gile's fields at University College. The cloud and trumpet-like diagram (upper left) illustrates Plot's hypothesis that crop circles "must needs be the effects of Lightning, exploded from the Clouds" ... in this case, the clouds "breaking first in a quadrangular, and after in a wider circular forme." http://www.bltresearch.com/otherfacts.html#notnew

6. A History of Crop Circles - 3 A later story comes from 1678. The pamphlet tells of a farmer who, refusing to pay the price demanded by a labourer to mow his field, swore that he would rather that the Devil mowed it instead. According to the pamphlet, that night his field appeared to be in flame. The next morning, the field was found to be perfectly mowed - supernaturally perfect, in fact. http://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki /Mowing-Devil

7. A History of Crop Circles - 4 In July, 1880 the prestigious science journal Nature (Vol. 22, pp. 290-291) published a letter from British spectroscopist J. Rand Capron in which he described his discovery and subsequent examination of multiple circular areas of flattened wheat on a farm in southern England. He describes areas of crop "forming ... circular spots [with] a few standing stalks as a centre, some prostrate stalks with their heads arranged pretty evenly in a direction forming a circle round the centre, and outside these a circular wall of stalks which [have] not suffered.“ Capron suggested that these flattened circles were the result of "some cyclonic wind action" and enclosed a sketch of the "most perfect" of these circles which, unfortunately, Nature did not publish. http://www.bltresearch.com/otherfacts.html#notnew

8. 1970’s – 1990’s - 1 Folklore and anecdotal evidence suggests that Crop circle history is a long one, the earliest photographed start in 1966. These appeared in Australia Photographs from circles in Switzerland date back to 1975 and 1976. First photographs of crop circles in England were taken in Hampshire in 1978. More photographic evidence demonstrates worldwide activity with a focus in southern England. http://easyweb.easynet.co.uk/~pppf6/Research/CropCircle/2003/CROPCIRCLES2003/Colin2003.html 5 th August, 1989 at Winterboure Stoke, near Stonehenge, England with the signature almost radial. Copyright: Colin Andrews 1989. 31 st July, 1985 at Longstock, Hampshire in England. One of five found together by Busty Taylor, each with similar signature.Copyright: Michael Green 1985

9. 1970’s – 1990’s - 2 "Suddenly, I heard a noise. It seemed as if something pushed down the wheat. That night the air was completely still. I looked around. The moon had just appeared, shining brightly. In front of my eyes I could see a great imprint taking shape. The wheat was forced down in a clockwise direction." -Bryce Bond and Arthur Shuttlewood, first modern crop circles witnesses, Warminster, night of August 12, 1972 The crop circles were not really a noted phenomenon until perhaps the mid 1980’s. They have been known to appear in Tobacco, Wheat, Oilseed Rape, Snow, Conifer Trees and other areas. So far, they have been reported in 29 different countries. http://www.lovely.clara.net/crop_circles_history90.html Goodworth, 1985 Circles near Silbury Hill – 1987 (Approx July). Photo by Andrew Johnson

10. 1990 – Pictograms On the night of July 10, 1990, the inhabitants of the village of Alton Barnes heard a peculiar buzzing sound which caused all dogs in the village to bark incessantly throughout the night. As the dawn light bathed the Vale of Pewsey, none of the farmers' cars would start. And as they approached their fields no one could believe their eyes- a 603 ft pictogram lay majestically in the wheat. We will come back to these types of symbols, but lets look at some other things first. http://www.lovely.clara.net/crop_circles_history90.html

11. Characteristics of Some Crop Circles

12. Fairy Rings A fairy ring or fairy circle, also known as a pixie ring, is a naturally occurring ring or arc of mushrooms. The rings may grow over ten meters in diameter and become stable over time as the fungus grows and seeks food underground. Even if no mushrooms are present, the underground presence of the fungus may sometimes be detected by observing the withering of grass directly above. In English folklore, fairy rings were said to be caused by fairies or pixies dancing in a circle, wearing down the grass beneath their feet In Scandinavian folklore, these circles were attributed to the elves and were called älvdanser, i.e. elf dances.

13. Non-Geometric Crop Formations 1 Non-Geometric Crop Formations: anomalous plant changes documented in "geometric" crop formations (those in which a recognizable design is apparent) are also found in many cases of non-geometrically flattened crop. Called "lodging" by many farmers, and thought by them to be the result of intense weather systems impinging upon plants already weakened by over-fertilization (if too much nitrogen is applied to the growing crop the seed-heads grow larger and weigh more, thus making the plant-stalk more susceptible to wind and rain) Testing of quite a few of these non-geometrically flattened impressions (particularly when they are found in vicinities where geometric formations occur regularly) has in a number of cases revealed the same plant abnormalities found in "geometric" events -- and to a greater degree in most instances. http://www.bltresearch.com/otherfacts.html#nongeom

14. Non-Geometric Crop Formations 2 In the more "geometric" crop formations more expulsion cavities (holes blown out at the plant stem nodes) are also usually found. Germination abnormalities are also frequently more pronounced. The evidence seems to indicate a more intense heating (microwave?) energy and flattening force discharged in these chaotically-downed crop areas. Laboratory tests on plants taken from non-geometrically downed areas like these, in many different countries, often reveal the same changes found in plants from crop circles of more geometric" design. http://www.bltresearch.com/otherfacts.html#nongeom Alton Barnes in the U.K - Geometric and non-geometrically-downed crop in the same field.Patches of randomly-downed crop are often seen in conjunction with, or overlying, recognizable designs in the fields.

15. Crop Circles “Growing!” In a number of cases every summer geometric formations with clean, crisp edges have been discovered in fields which subsequently--often within one or two days--show evidence of having been re-visited by the circle-making energy system. When this multi-circle formation in Washington state (left) was first photographed on June 21, 1998 all of the circles had crisp, distinct edges--and there were only a few patches of randomly-downed crop in the rest of the field. When re-photographed on July 8th patches of randomly-downed crop covered the field, damaging the edges of many of the original circles. This sort of re-visitation of the energy system involved in creating circles has been seen in all countries studied so far. It is quite interesting to note that, in some cases, the revisitation can also produce additional geometric features--which seem to compliment the original design--rather than resulting in randomly-downed additions. Eltopia, Washington (USA) which occurred during the night of June 18-19, 1998. [photo June 21, 1998] Same place photographed 3 weeks later http://www.bltresearch.com/otherfacts.html#nongeom

16. EMF Ground Wave Using a “Microdet” meter, readings were taken, which showed an Electromagnetic “field” layer between about 6’ and 12’ above ground level (top/bottom of hill) Electrostatic readings in the circle were off the scale. http://www.phenomenonresearch.com/

17. Field Around Head of Wheat Stork This diagram shows how a wheat head could build up a charge of static electricity. It’s not difficult to imagine that when blowing continually in the breeze, a sizeable voltage could build up (think of stroking a cat, taking a pullover off etc) http://www.phenomenonresearch.com/

18. Interaction with Solar Wind? At a point just before dawn, the Earth's energies are at their maximum level. The highest charges are being formed along the Earth's terminator point where particle interaction, magnetic interaction, chemical effects and electrostatic effects are all taking place. All these forces combining to give a massive "kick" of high energy through the atmosphere. http://www.phenomenonresearch.com/

19. Interaction with Solar Wind 2 Action of electromagnetic lines of force results in particle interaction, causing ionisation in the upper atmosphere. The electrostatic/electromagnetic effect of the phenomenon can result in photons being given off, this may appear in the form of glowing balls of light or even a column of light. http://www.phenomenonresearch.com/

20. Interaction with Solar Wind 3 When reaching the earth, the energy field is likely to produce ground currents in the Crop Circle area and one would expect to find anomalies in any soil samples taken from the site. The effect of (DC) ground currents would be likely to induce magnetic and chemical changes, although there may be some variation, depending upon the type of soil in the area. http://www.phenomenonresearch.com/

21. Stem Creases at 55cm above ground Carlton on Trent, 9 th July 1991  Mansfield Notts 10 th July 1991  http://www.phenomenonresearch.com/

22. Stem Creases - 2 After studying "Crop Circles" since 1985 and collecting and analysing plant stems from incidents up to 150 miles apart, one common denominator emerged. This was the discovery of single standing stems, with top sections bent over at a height of 55cm (22") in an otherwise flattened circle of Wheat or Barley. http://www.phenomenonresearch.com/

23. Burn Marks etc These effects could be the result of Microwave Radiation, which would answer a number of additional questions… http://www.phenomenonresearch.com/ Barley Mansfield, Notts, 6 th July 1991 Wheat - Sutton on Trent, Notts, 6 th July 1991 Wheat - Husbands Bosworth, Notts, 7 th July 1990 Wheat - Southwell, Notts, 7 th July 1990

24. Plant Effects Microwave energy would seem to address the following questions (1) What force, normally invisible, is capable of such action within such a short duration of time (possibly 20 seconds). (2) What can account for the 'Plasma Balls' photographed by Japanese and British scientists over the wheat fields in England, where Crop Circles have later been discovered. (3) How can Crop Circles occur either during the day or night and without detection by local radar or night vision cameras. With or without any wind, for instance in a mist at night e.g. Wiltshire 27th June 1991. (4) What could account for a 'mist' often seen shortly after the formation of a Crop Circle. (5) What could be responsible for the 'chirping' and 'tweeting' sounds recorded in Crop Circles and thought to be caused by H/F radiation. The fact that there exists a means of identifying an authentic Crop Circle event (i.e.'bent stems') is a step forward in discovering the nature of the force that is responsible. (also see slide about “swirl” signature.) Twisting and spiralling of the somatic tissues at the base of the seed-head. Top: August, 2000: Control plants from outside '99 formation area. Bottom: August, 2000: Sample plants from downed area inside 1999 "Dolphin," which are a darker green & taller than controls. http://www.bltresearch.com/

25. Soil Effects – Canadian Circle BLT Research have a study on the soil in a crop circle formation which was found in Sept 1999 EDMONTON, ALBERTA, CANADA The fact that the field was infested with Canadian thistle, which made it almost impossible to walk in the field without high protective boots, tended to further rule out the possibility that this formation had been mechanically produced. The full study is available online, linked on the page below. http://www.bltresearch.com/xrd.html

26. Soil Effects – Canadian Circle - 2 Clay minerals (illite/smectites) extracted from surface soils taken at the same sampling locations as the plants, were submitted to X-ray diffraction analysis. The results were submitted to Dr Robert C.Reynolds, Jr.- a well respected scientist. In Reynold's words, "the possibility of crystal growth seems remote." The degree of pressure known to be involved in causing crystal growth in sedimentary deposits would have, had it been present, completely obliterated the plants. And the 600-800 ° C temperatures, over a period several hours, known to be necessary to promote such crystal growth in the laboratory would have, in the crop circle field, incinerated any plant material present. Additionally, the very brief bursts of possibly intense microwave radiation thought to be the cause of node-elongation and the creation of expulsion cavities (through heating and expansion of internal stem moisture) could not account for crystal growth. http://www.bltresearch.com/xrd.html

27. Geological Aspects Some researchers have noted that the Geology of an area can be very important in the Crop Circle Phenomenon – perhaps because of the amount of water in the aquifer etc. Most of the area where crop circles are found in the UK is mainly a Chalk landscape. Freddy Silva discusses this – and “sacred sites” here.

28. Man Made Circles

29. Doug Bower and Dave Chorley Bower and Chorley stated to reporters that a small group of people can stomp down a sizeable area of crop in a single night. "Stomp" does not mean using the feet: simple tools to make crop circles have been described. However, Bower and Chorley often retracted their claims of which circles they hoaxed, and when confronted and asked to provide details relating to the geometric relationships of certain crop circles they would merely reply "oh we didn't do that one". This sparked suspicion that they were merely trying to confuse the issue and to make crop circles be seen as a 'fringe' or 'esoteric' field of research. Doug Bower Dave Chorley (Right)

30. Doug Bower and Dave Chorley May 1989 near Cheesefoot Head, Winchester, England. Made by Doug Bowers and Dave Chorley. Note the numerous rotations of the spiral fingerprint – consistent with being made with a 1.2 meter-wide ‘stomper’ board. Copyright: Busty Taylor 1989.

31. Circle Makers Group Contrary to what some people think, there is an organised, disclosed group of people who purposely go out and make Crop Circles, often for Corporate Sponsors Three of them are John Lundberg, Rod Dickinson and Wil Russell. They use the following equipment: 1. Stalk-stomper, two piece 6 ft model. 2. Stalk-stomper, one piece 4ft model. 3. Ball of pre-stretched nylon string. 4. 2 ft long marking pole. 5. 100ft plastic surveying tape. Not shown here: 6. OS Pathfinder map (field boundaries and pathways). Optional equipment includes: 7. Infrared image intensifier 8. Dowsing rods/pendulum Dr Simeon Hein, a Crop Circle researcher, spent some time with them. John Lundberg, Rod Dickinson Wil Russell http://www.circlemakers.org

32. Circle Makers Group They draw out their designs, once they have been commissioned, for example, by mobile phone operator O2 for this “display” on Blackpool beach for the August 2003 bank holiday. The design for basic numbers seems complicated to me… (The design shown is just for the figure 8) http://www.circlemakers.org

33. Circle Makers Spiral Design “ At the beginning of August 2004 circlemakers John Lundberg, Rod Dickinson and Wil Russell were asked by National Geographic TV to create a demonstration formation in daylight opposite Silbury Hill in Wiltshire for a documentary on the crop circle phenomenon. We decided to create a 200ft formation incorporating a square spiral. Until now square spirals have not appeared out in the fields, probably because unlike a circular spiral - a square spiral is a complex geometric form and difficult to create accurately. It took 3 of us a very sedate 5 hours to create, with lots of breaks in construction for filming.” “ As far as we were aware at the time, no previous crop circle design had incorporated a square spiral, or water snake as it is sometimes called. But in one of those cosmic coincidences that happen frequently in a subject like this, we've now seen reports of a square spiral formation at Woodingdean in East Sussex (pictured right) which appeared a few days before we created ours on camera, although unlike our formation its construction seems somewhat haphazard.” Woodingdean

34. More Circle Makers’ Designs “ Over the years our cereal creations have appeared in several adverts. In May 2005 Nike gave us a call and asked if we'd like to tour across Italy making crop circles as part of an advertising campaign for their new Nike Free trainers, making massive footprints in Milan, Rome and Foggia in the south.” “ Each of the 250ft tall footprints was more complex than the last. We started in Milan with a footprint created in wheat. Then we flew to Rome and created a footprint in a barely field with the Nike Free trainers tread laid over the formation using 1000ft of white barrier tape to create the grid. Finally we flew down to Foggia in the south of the country to create a footprint in wheat with a grid of barrier tape laid over the top of the flattened crop and the campaign slogan 'Power to Your Feet', Nike Free logo and Nike swoosh left standing in the wheat.” http://www.circlemakers.org

35. More Circle Makers Publicity “ This time around it was The Levellers (pictured above) who - via the production company Junk72 - asked us to create their anarchy symbol as a crop circle to be used as the centrepiece in their latest video.” “ The formation (pictured above) which spanned approx 200ft was created on a balmy summers day by circlemakers John Lundberg, Rod Dickinson and Wil Russell at Poynings, West Sussex in mid August 2002 and took about four hours to construct. Initially Junk72 asked us to map out the geometry of the formation and then stop. Once this was done we downed tools and were joined by the five band members Mark, Jeremy, Charlie, Simon and Jon who under our instruction flattened a large proportion of the formation whilst being filmed.” http://www.circlemakers.org

36. Circle Makers Group – Weird Happenings “ Towards the end of the 1992 season, our circle making team decided to test our refined techniques by attempting to produce what was, at the time, probably the most complicated design ever. It was whilst creating that formation that the following event occurred: As the sky grew darker we slowly walked along the narrow footpath that ran alongside our intended canvas for the night. I knew we had to start early if we had any chance of completing the formation before daybreak.” “… After about an hour, we three circle makers converged on the same point and began quietly discussing our progress. Suddenly my attention was drawn to a light that had appeared from nowhere. It was a few hundred yards away and directly in front of us. As soon as I'd registered its presence I alerted my colleagues. Amazed, we stood there gazing at this football-sized orange light as it hung motionless, about forty feet above the surrounding countryside. After an estimated five seconds the light began to slowly descend. Within another five seconds it had descended about ten feet and had faded into invisibility. With little time to spare, we excitedly returned to our work, always hopeful of a repeat performance.” “ Subsequent daylight checks revealed no evidence of the light's existence. That year also saw a large increase in the number of luminosities reported around circle sites. Did we witness a naturally occurring phenomenon - or were we really being scanned by the genuine circlemakers?” http://www.circlemakers.org

37. Circle Makers Group – Weird Happenings Part-way through the construction of the formation, there was a powerful burst of light; we all stopped, looked around, and after a bit of head scratching continued the formation. This was followed soon afterwards by an identical burst of light . I later described the experience as analogous to having a flash gun let off in my face, with the light momentarily blinding. Unfortunately, Ned's recording equipment was switched off at the time of the flashes, as he was helping us craft the formation. Once more during the same week, I was out circlemaking with a friend in the same locale. After four hours in the field, as the formation was nearing completion, I was suddenly overcome by a strong sense of foreboding... shortly followed by a similar burst of light. Not wanting to chance a meeting with the source of the flashes, we left. I decided to make that my last formation of 1994. Earlier this year, we took another journalist out with us. During our conversations we described the flashes of light to him, but Andy initially seemed unconvinced. This is what he later wrote in his article for The Face magazine: "About thirty minutes before, John had turned to me as we were a few feet away on the outer ring, 'Did you pick out that flash,' he asked, excitedly. 'No,' I told him, wondering if he was trying to spook me. Ten minutes later John asked again, nothing. Now I'm pacing the other side of the ring on my own and I get one. A bright flash that seemed to emanate from the back of my own retina. From nowhere at all in fact. I ran to where John is standing. 'You saw that one?' 'Yeah,' I say, though saw isn't the right word. Ten minutes later I pick up a second." http://www.circlemakers.org

38. Black Ops? Microwave Beam Technology? In an article entitled “CROP CIRCLES: "SIGNS" FROM ABOVE OR HUMAN ARTIFACTS?”, Jacques Vallee states: The early formations were simple circles, then circles with satellites. In later years more and more sophisticated and precisely-drawn geometric figures appeared. All the significant formations were observed in an area in close proximity to major research facilities of the British defence establishment, often in controlled airspace. These studies point to the crop formations as the result of sophisticated electronic warfare experiments conducted by defence contractors. If you are trying to calibrate a beam, drawing a pattern on a wheat field can yield precision information within the diameter of one stalk over hundreds of feet, an ideal test situation. Soon or later the truth will be known, and it can be used to discredit the community of paranormal researchers who have rushed to decipher alien scripts in the formations, or have hypothesized a return of the Druids, earth lights or messages from Gaia without first testing the basic physics of the situation. It may also be that such hypotheses have been coldly planted among the New Age milieu as part of a psychological warfare experiment, and that the real nature of the crop formations can thus be hidden from serious attention for a very long time. Freddy Silva Jacques Vallee http://www.ufoevidence.org/documents/doc1754.htm

39. Colin Andrews on Micro Wave Energy Andrews is an electrical engineer by profession and a former senior officer in British regional Government. For three years Colin advised the British Government on the crop circle phenomenon, supplying technical and scientific reports to the Under-Secretary of State for the environment (Rt. Hon. Nicholas Ridley, M.P.) in the Margaret Thatcher cabinet. As a result of his persistence, the subject was raised in the House of Commons. Andrew's supervised the largest surveillance project of its kind during 1990, called 'Operation Blackbird'. It was an effort to film a crop circle forming, backed and supported by the British Army, B.B.C. and Nippon television and was watched closely by the international media. In an interview on Paranet on 3 rd Dec 1995, he talked about the phenomenon and shared his views on the use of microwave energy for the creation of Crop Circles. On 22 Dec 2005 on George Noory’s Coast to Coast show, he made new revelations about 1 important event in the Operation Blackbird project, where the formation of a crop circle was filmed, but the tape was stolen. Paranet on 3 rd Dec 1995 On 22 Dec 2005 on Coast to Coast

40. Circles Made by “Other Agents”

41. Characteristic Crop Circle “Swirls” 14th August 1986, one of the first circles discovered with a single concentric ring but again note the ‘swirl signature’ which is around 0.25 of a rotation. No stomper board marks or multiple rotations present. Copyright: Colin Andrews 1986. http://www.memorologyllc.com/CropCircleInfo/TheSignatureAndSignsOfContact-03.htm

42. “Ghost Formations” 2003 Formations still visible in 2004 early crops (May). Photos by Busty Taylor. This seems to be more evidence that board stomping would not cause to appear. http://www.busty-taylor.com/cropper/2004w001.htm

43. Eyewitness Accounts of Formation There are eyewitness accounts from quite a few people of Crop Circles Forming and witnesses to the effects which seem to be causing them. Colin Andrews described one such incident in an appearance on Whitley Streiber’s Dreamland in 2003. Ed Sherwood also described an incident in 1992 (see photos) and a later “plasma” incident in 2003 One of Four ‘Ball Plasmas’ Filmed Interacting with Observers Before, During, and After, a Group Meditation Filmed: August 3rd 2003, Wiltshire, England Video Still Copyright 2003 Ed Sherwood/Millennium Research ‘ Ball Plasma' Photographed: July 28th 1992, Overton Hill, Nr East Kennett, Wiltshire. Photo © 1992 Maria Ward Colin Andrews Ed Sherwood

44. Eyewitness Account in Netherlands Nancy Talbot of BLT Research and Robbert van der Broeke witnessed a beam of light in Hoeven, Holland, in the early morning of August 21, 2001 “ About 3:15 am an intense white column, or tube, of light--about 8 inch to 1 foot in diameter flashed down from the sky to the ground, illuminating my bedroom and the sky as brilliantly as if from helicopter searchlights. The entire light display took 5-6 seconds; if the bawling cattle are considered to be part of this situation the total time would be about 10 minutes. In a few seconds, a third tube of light flashed down to the ground.Robert saw only two tubes of light, Later that night Robbert reported that he had heard the dog next door barking furiously just prior to the appearance of the light-tubes.” Artist's Illustration of the beam of light.

45. Saucer “Nests” In a fair number of cases, witnesses have reported flattened crops following the landing of a Saucer. One such case was in Tully, Australia At 9:00 am on January 19, 1966, a calm sunny day, a 28 year old banana farmer named George Pedley was driving a tractor near Horseshoe Lagoon on the property of Albert Pennisi, near Tully, in tropical far north Queensland, Australia. When he was about 25 yards from a lagoon, he heard a loud hissing sound above the noise of the tractor. A short time after the event, this was found on Farmland Nearby ( http://ufocasebook.com/tullysaucernest.html )

46. Polish Crop Circle Witness: Mr. Jerzy Szpulecki, Event Date/Time: July 21/22, 2000 @ approx 12:15am Event Duration: Approximately 7 minutes Event Location: Wylatowo, Poland Interviewed by: Nancy Talbott on July 31, 2003 Brilliant red, slowly moving object, with rotating white fog-like material inside, as it came across the road & over the field. Drawing: J. Szpulecki Illustration of object as it was touching down, with extended bluish "arms" tipped with brilliant violet-colored lights on the ends. Drawing: J. Szpulecki (colored by N. Talbott)

47. Polish Crop Circle # 2 Crop circle found in wheat-field in front of Mr. Szpulecki's house by his neighbour. Photo: T .Filipczak Below: Same spot in 2001!

48. A Dyslexic ET?!? In the village of Lublin in south-eastern Poland (about 400 km from Wylatowo), Mr. Robert Zmuda was fishing for his dinner and caught a large carp-like fish. He discovered a peculiar, marking literally embedded in the skin on on both sides of the animal. He photographed the carp prior to dispatching it to his dinner table. Yes, it’s an example of a CARP circle !! (What other Bio-mass can we expect to see circles made in?)

49. Crop Circle Formation Video This Video seems to be quite controversial. Some say it’s an outright hoax. It was reported to have been sourced through a TV production company. I couldn’t find a conclusive analysis of the fakery (An analysis by Paul Vigay came close, but seemed to refer to a different video)

50. Crop Circle Symbolism

51. Milk Hill, Wiltshire, 4 th Aug 2003 Another stunning image! But what does the Symbolism Mean?

52. Shoemaker Levy 9/Jupiter Crop Circle Kris Sherwood has written an article outlining the high strangeness of crop circles which appeared around the time of the collision. The configuration of the circle which appeared at July 26 th , 1994 at Oliver’s Castle. Appeared 9 days after the impact – 9 circles. In the Glyph, the shapes of the letters O & C can also be seen (the initials of the place where it was). Kris Sherwood has also pointed out connections to the constellation of the Scorpio over the time of this event. They think, however, that all the main circles since 2001 are man-made. http://www.cropcircleanswers.com/scorpious_hour.htm

53. Mayan Symbolism 1 Mayan Symbolism has recurred in a number of astonishing formations, such as this one, opposite Silbury Hill, Wiltshire 3rd Aug 2004. Like the following instances, features of it relate to Mayan Dates, according to some interpretations.

54. Mayan Symbolism 2 Wheat formation estimated to be 320 feet in diameter, reported August 9, 2005, near Waylands Smithy, Wiltshire, England, stone circle and long barrow.Steve Alexander. The central crescent shape is said to represent the Sun, and other features relate to dates in the Mayan Calendar.

55. Mayan Symbolism 3 Above is an aerial photograph of the approximately 350-foot-diameter wheat formation which was reported on August 13, 2005, at Woolstone Hill, not far from Uffington, Oxfordshire. Aerial photograph © 2005 by Jaime Maussan. It appears to be a complicated representation of Mayan Dates .

56. The 2001 Chilbolton Message 1 From the SETI Website Despite the fact that many of the circles are known to be the work of pranksters , interest in crop circles has enjoyed a recent revival thanks to a pair of new patterns that appear in a field next to the Chilbolton Observatory in Hampshire, England. One is a modified version of the 1974 Arecibo message, broadcast in the direction of the globular cluster M13 in November of that year. This is highly improbable. There is no evidence to suggest an other-than-earthly origin for these graphics. Some of the reasons why we are skeptical that this is a "signal" from afar are as follows: If radio isn't their thing, why don't they simply leave a copy of the Encyclopedia Galactica on the doorstep of either the farmer or the radio observatory ? They could arrange for a radio blast sufficiently powerful to reach every FM or TV set in a hemisphere, which would quickly convey far more information, and to everyone at once. How come they look like us? Hollywood aliens always look pretty humanoid, but this is an anthropocentric conceit. Visit the local zoo, and you'll find critters that share 3.5 billion years of evolution and a lot of your DNA. But they don't look like you - they look like fish, or alligators, or… Well, SETI People, if your objections are correct HOW WAS THIS CROP GLYPH MADE, THEN? (What about the Face too??) Freddy Silva - Coast to Coast - May 23 2005

57. The 2001 Chilbolton Message 2 They expected the message to be received thousands of years from now at their target, the M-13 star cluster. Instead, it seems as if nearby Non-Human Entities managed to intercept it early, and decided to give us a reply based on the outgoing message. Having found out how difficult it is even to write binary code in paint (see above) and to get it mostly correct, it is clear that this formation (much more huge) would require a team of 200 men, all well paid to keep a secret, supervised by six binary specialists, circled by the Goodyear Blimp using no motors, and with all using night vision goggles, making no sound whatever, in less than 30 min. Each block is a 1 and each nothing is a 0. The outgoing 1974 message showed a man, DNA specs, various important chemical relationships (see Paul Vigay site), our population in 1974, our planetary system, which planet we live on, our height, and what the Aricebo array looks like. We get back here that silicon is added to the important elements list, there are some changes in the DNA and chemistry notations, they show us they are greys, and of 3'8', and a population 8 times bigger than ours, located on Mars, Earth and the moons of Jupiter Then they show their own sending and receiving radio telescope array, which was shown by a different formation in this area, perhaps in '00. Sixto Paz Wells describes more about this formation – from his DVD “The Cosmic Plan” (available from www.plancosmico.com)

58. The Chilbolton Radar Facility Also located at Chilbolton are two millimetre-wave transmission ranges, meteorological sensors for temperature, pressure and humidity, a disdrometer and a rapid-response drop-counting raingauge. A UV lidar for temperature and humidity profiling is at the site and there is a 94 GHz radiometer. Other instrumentation serviced from this site includes a group of satellite beacon receivers and radiometers at the site of the Hampshire College of Agriculture, some 8 km to the south east. Meteorology, Hydrology and Environmental Science at Chilbolton -The main facility is the 25 metre fully steerable paraboloidal antenna, which is used by the 3 GHz Doppler-Polarisation radar, CAMRa. A 35 GHz radar, Rabelais, on loan from the University of Toulouse, is also mounted on the edge of the antenna, together with the 94 GHz Galileo radar, which is on loan from ESTEC. These radars provide a powerful combination of instruments for studies of cloud and precipitation. Currently, a ceilometer, also on loan from ESTEC, provides further information on cloud structure. Chilbolton Radar Facility, located on the outskirts of the village of Chilbolton in Hampshire, provides the infrastructure for most of the experimental work undertaken by the RCRU.

59. Pitt - nr Winchester, Hampshire Alien Head Aug 2002 This formation was approximately 300 feet long and appeared on Crabwood Farm 14 th /15 th Aug 2002. This image was again controversial. When I spoke to Paul Vigay briefly, he thought it to be a hoax, because it was so complicated.

60. Alien Head Aug 2002 This incredible image contains a binary encoded message in the disk – you can read it by decoding the sequence of 0’s and 1’s, from the inside out, (as a CD is read) into a set of ASCII characters. The first word is shown below.

61. Pitt - nr Winchester, Hampshire Alien Head Aug 2002 "Beware the bearers of FALSE gifts & their BROKEN PROMISES. Much PAIN but still time. BELIEVE. There is GOOD out there. We OPpose DECEPTION. COnduit CLOSING,"

62. Earthfiles / Osborne Comparison The decoded message was 1 st published on Linda Moulton Howe’s site www.earthfiles.com Researcher Maurice Osborn and some other people have pointed out subtle errors in the original translation of the message. I think these are significant - they are shown below. Osborn EarthFiles.com Beware the bearers of FALSE gifts & their BROKEN PROMISES. Beware the bearers of FALSE gifts & their BROKEN PROMISES. Much PAIN but still time. Much PAIN but still time. BELIEVE. (Damaged Word). There is GOOD out there. There is GOOD out there. We OPpose DECEPTION. We OPpose DECEPTION. COnduit CLOSING, Conduit CLOSING (BELL SOUND)

63. Other Aspects of Crop Circles

64. Crop Circle Tones It has been reported on a number of occasions that anomalous clicking or beeping tones have been recorded when sitting or standing in a crop circle. These could be natural or they could be artificial – their cause is unknown. If resonance frequency effects, either in the audio range or radio range, have anything to do with crop circle formation, then it is not so surprising that these tones have been recorded. In an interview on Paranet on 3rd Dec 1995, Colin Andrews also offered his opinion on this. Crop Circle Tones 1 Crop Circle Tones 2 Colin Andrews

65. Consciousness Aspects Several researchers have pointed out that Consciousness seems to be an important aspect of the Phenomenon. The basic idea is that an outside intelligence is using Crop Circles with messages and symbolism to make us realise that “we are not alone” and other forms of intelligence can express themselves in ways we do not fully understand. Ed & Kris Sherwood - Crop Circle Messages - Coast To Coast AM - Nov 02 2005 Freddy Silva Coast to Coast - May 23 2005

66. Conclusions The Crop Circle Phenomenon is complex – in compiling this presentation, I found enormous quantities of information to try and digest. Crop Circles have no single cause (like the UFO phenomenon) – to suggest this ignores the abundance of evidence for each of the sources. They are not caused solely by board-stompers . Plant Abnormalities do not seem a reliable indicator of non-human crop circle formation. The Complexity of patterns has increased in the last 20 years and again seems to rule out board-stomping as the sole cause. The “Alien Head” is an extraordinary image and no one has come forward to explain how it was made. Consciousness is an important aspect of the Crop Circle Phenomenon. Let us know enjoy their beauty and mystery for a few minutes…

67. The End Montage By Steve Alexander - http://www.temporarytemples.co.uk/