Crop circles are patterns created by flattened crops such as wheat or barley. They have been observed since the late 17th century, but became prominent in the late 20th century in England. The phenomenon remains controversial, with debates over whether they are hoaxes or have paranormal explanations. Some key points in the debate include unexplained effects on plants within circles, such as elongated nodes and cell wall changes. While some claim advanced beings are communicating, others point to hoaxes for advertising or publicity. The causes of crop circles overall remain inconclusive, with no single explanation.

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Sanduni K. Madarasinghe

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4. A crop circle is a sizable pattern created by the flattening of
a crop such as wheat, barley or maize.
because they are not always circular in shape.
Crop Circles Crop Formations
(England) 4/23

5. Crop Circle phenomenon is debatable in world.
Unexplainable changes occur in plants inside
Crop Circles.
Cause tons of harvest loss.
The ongoing debate among many crop circle investigators
has been:
Are Crop Circles MAN MADE or not???
Botanically
important
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6. Earliest descriptions of crop circles are some drawings of two
U.K. crop formations described in 1686 by Prof. Robert Plot.
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7. There are several paradigms;
Paranormal phenomenon
Man-made
Force of sound
Weather effects
Animal activity
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9. • Some scientists believe, Crop Circles seem to be
symbolic messages from an unknown, high intelligence.
• Supported by several scientific evidences;
a) Unexplainable Changes to the Plants
The plants inside crop circles are changed in a way that
is beyond human ability.
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10. 90° bent Canola Plants.
increased crop yield.
Cell wall pit enlargement and
expulsion cavities.
The bent nodes are elongated
yet undamaged.
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12. Plant stems inside formations had increased in
diameter, as an effect of intensive heating.
This effect perfectly matched the radiation pattern of an
electromagnetic point source at a height of 4m 10cm above
that field.
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13. They may trying to communicate something with us
a greeting... or a warning…
We still don’t understand
BUT…
Why technologically advanced beings would send us messages in
fields of crops rather than through a more practical and
straightforward medium - like television???
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14.  In 1991, Doug Bower and Dave Chorley claimed they
started the phenomenon in 1978 with the use of simple
tools.
Circle Makers Groups purposely make Crop Circles, often
for Corporate Sponsors. 14/23

15. • Marked the FireFox
browser’s 50 millionth
download
• Advertising for new Nike Free
trainers
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16. • Thought to be a hoax
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17. Trilling sound witnessed with crop circle formation.
NASA concluded the noise was not related to any type
of bird or insect.
Due to its looping, rhythmic nature appeared to be of
intelligent, mechanical origin.
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18. • higher heat content in soil
• slightly burned appearance in the plants
• increased molecular activity in plants
Infrasound is capable of atomizing water molecules, creating
a fine mist.
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19. Some cereologists have suggested ;
crop circles are the result of; tornadoes
ball lightning
whirlwinds
Whirlwind Tornado
But there is no evidence of any crop circle being created by
any of these causes. 19/23

20. • For mating purposes.
• Small puffer fish makes
under water crop circles
using only his flapping fin.
• Australian wallabies had been
found creating crop circles in
fields of opium poppies.
Under water crop circle
Australian Wallaby 20/23

21. Crop Circles have no single cause.
A hoax is a forgery , and a forger requires an original,
from which to copy.
Some crop circles are ‘genuine’ while some are hoaxes.
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22. References:
 http://paranormal.about.com/gi/o.htm
 http://paranormal.about.com/od/cropcircles/qt/Crop-Circle-
Evidence-Physical-Side-Effects.htm
 http://consciouslifenews.com/anthropologist-assesses
 http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/10-amazing-crop-circles-google-
maps/
 http://science.howstuffworks.com/science-vs-myth/unexplained-
phenomena/crop-circle.htm
 http://www.Crop_circle wiki.htm
 MICHAEL D. SWORDS - A Guide to UFO Research
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