Critical Thinking Physics Problem Beberapa contoh Problem fisika berkaitan dengan berpikir kritis yang diperlukan pada kurikulum 2013. 1. Physics Toolkit 2. Representing Motion 3. Accelerated Motion 4. Forces in One Dimension 5. Forces in Two Dimensions 6. Motion in Two Dimensions 7.Gravitation 8. Rotational Motion

2. Name
clas
1
Period
1. Physics Toolkit
1 A solid wheel of mass m and radius r rotates around an axis. The moment of inertia, I, of the
1
wheel is given by the equation I = ——
——
2
mr2.
2
(a) What is the radius of a 5.1-kg wheel with a moment of inertia of 18 kg•m ?
a. 2.7 m
c. 180 m
b. 7.1 m
d. 130 m
(b) Which is the correct plot of I versus r for a wheel with a mass of 10 kg?
a.
Moment of Inertia of a 10-kg Object
c.
Moment of Inertia of a 10-kg Object
120
200
100
M o m e n t of inertia (kg•m 2)
M o m e n t of inertia (kg•m 2)
250
150
100
50
0
10
20
30
40
80
60
40
20
50
Radius (m)
0
10
20
30
40
50
Radius (m)
b.
Moment of Inertia of a 10-kg Object
d.
Moment of Inertia of a 10-kg Object
12,000
2000
10,000
Moment of inertia (kg•m 2)
Moment of inertia (kg•m 2)
2500
1500
1000
500
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
10
20
30
40
50
Radius (m)
0
10
20
30
40
Radius (m)
50
2. Two students make a pendulum of a small ball tied onto the end of a piece of string. They set the
pendulum in motion and use a stopwatch to measure the time taken for one complete swing; this
is the period of the pendulum. To determine how the length of the string affects the period, the
students change the length, L, of the string, and measure the period, T, of the pendulum for each
string length. Their measurements are given in the table on the following page.

3. Name
continued
String Length L (m)
Period T (s)
String Length L (m)
Period T (s)
0.07
0.53
0.55
1.49
0.10
0.63
0.70
1.68
0.20
0.90
0.90
1.90
0.40
1.27
a. Plot the values given in the table, draw the curve that best fits all points, and describe the curve.
One of the students decides to investigate the relationship between the string length and the
square of the period. She uses their previous measurements to prepare the following table.
String Length L (m)
Period Squared T 2 (s 2)
String Length L (m)
Period Squared T 2 (s 2)
0.07
0.28
0.55
2.22
0.10
0.40
0.70
2.82
0.20
0.81
0.90
3.61
0.40
1.61
b. Plot the values given in this new table, draw the best-fit curve, and describe the curve.
c. According to the graph, what is the relationship between the square of the period of the pendulum and the length of the string?
d. Use the graph to write an equation relating period squared to string length.

4. Name
2. Re pre se n tin g Motion
John goes for a run. From his house, he jogs north for exactly 5.0 min at an average speed of 8.0 km/h.
He continues north at a speed of 12.0 km/h for the next 30.0 min. He then turns around and jogs south
at a speed of 15.0 km/h for 15.0 min. Then he jogs south for another 20.0 min at 8.0 km/h. He walks
the rest of the way home.
1. How many kilometers does John jog in total?
a. 3.4 km
c. 13.1 km
b. 12.5 km
d. 785 km
2. How far will John have to walk to get home after he finishes jogging?
a. 0.0 km
c. 5.58 km
b. 0.25 km
d. 15.0 km
3. Which is the correct plot of total distance as a function of time for John’s jog?
a.
c.
Distance v. Time
Graph of John’s Jog
Distance v. Time
Graph of John’s Jog
12
5
10
Distance (km)
Distance (km)
6
4
3
2
1
0
8
6
4
2
5
10
15
20
25
0
30
5
10
Time (min)
b.
Distance v. Time Graph of John’s Jog
d.
20
25
30
Distance v. Time Graph of John’s Jog
12
5
10
Distance (km)
6
Distance (km)
15
Time (min)
4
3
2
1
0
8
6
4
2
10
20
30
40
50
Time (min)
60
70
0
10
20
30
40
50
Time (min)
60
70

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Name
4. Two drivers (driver A and driver B) are traveling in opposite directions on a long, straight road at
different constant velocities. Their motions are represented by the position-time graphs of each,
shown below.
Position (km)
Position-Time Graph
for Two Drivers
80
60
40
20
0
—20
—40
—60
—80
—100
B
P
A
0
1
2
Time (h)
a. How long had driver A already been driving when driver B started to drive?
b. How long had driver A been driving when she was 30 km away from her starting point?
c. Which driver is faster?
d. What happens at point P?

6. Name
3. Accelerated Motion
1. The driver of a car traveling at 110 km/h slams on the brakes so that the car undergoes a constant
acceleration, skidding to a complete stop in 4.5 s.
(a) What is the average acceleration of the car during braking?
a. —0.041 m/s 2
b. —0.15 m/s 2
c. —6.9 m/s 2
d. —24 m/s 2
(b) If the car skids in a straight line for the entire length of the stopping distance, how long are its
skid marks?
a. 7.0X10 1 m
c. 2.1X10 2 m
b. 1.4X10 2 m
d. 2.5X10 2 m
(c) Which is the most accurate plot of velocity versus time for the braking car?
a.
Velocity v. Time Graph f o r the Braking Car
c.
Velocity v. Time Graph f o r the Braking Car
30
25
25
Velocity (m/s)
Velocity (m/s)
30
20
15
10
5
0
20
15
10
5
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
0
4.5
0.5
1
1.5
Time (min)
b.
Velocity v. Time Graph f o r the Braking Car
d.
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
Velocity v. Time Graph f o r the Braking Car
30
25
25
Velocity (m/s)
30
Velocity (m/s)
2
Time (s)
20
15
10
5
0
20
15
10
5
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
0
0.5
1
Time (s)
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
Time (s)
2. A person is standing on the roof of a tall building. She throws a ball from the top of the building
in such a way that when the ball passes a window cleaner who is 2.0 m from the top, it is falling
at a speed of 7.0 m/s. It takes another 2.9 s to reach the ground.
a. How tall is the building?
b. How fast is the ball moving when it hits the ground?
5

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Name
3. A 0.250-kg cart moves on a straight horizontal track. The graph of velocity, v, versus time, t, for the
motion of the cart is given below.
Velocity (m/s)
Velocity-Time Graph for Cart
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
—0.2
—0.4
—0.6
—0.8
—1.0
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
Time (s)
a. Identify every time, t, for which the cart is at rest.
b. Identify every time interval for which the speed (the magnitude of the velocity) of the cart is
increasing.
c. Determine the horizontal position, x, of the cart at t = 8.0 s if the cart is located at x = 2.0 m
at t = 0 s.
d. On the axes below, sketch the graph of acceleration, a, versus time, t, for the motion of the car
from t = 0 s to t = 25 s.
Acceleration (m/s2)
Acceleration-Time Graph for Cart
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
—0.2
—0.4
—0.6
—0.8
—1.0
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
Time (s)
20.0

8. Name
4. Forces in One Dimension
c.
Distance (m)
a.
Acceleration (m/s2)
1. Which graph best describes the movement of an object on which no net force is exerted?
0
0
Time (s)
d.
Distance (m)
Acceleration (m/s2)
b.
Time (s)
0
0
Time (s)
Time (s)
2. The relationship between force and acceleration is
a. direct linear.
c. direct quadratic.
b. inverse linear.
d. inverse quadratic.
3. A 6.0-kg wooden block is pulled across a carpet with a force of F = 36 N. The block begins at rest
and accelerates to a velocity of 0.25 m/s in 0.50 s. What is the force of friction acting on the block?
a. 3.0 N
c. 36 N
b. 33 N
d. 39 N
4. A 1500-kg car can accelerate from rest to 72 km/h in 8.0 s. What is the net force acting on the car
to cause this acceleration?
a. 3.8 kN
c. 15 kN
b. 14 kN
d. 240 kN

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Name
5. A model rocket of mass 0.350 kg is launched vertically. The rocket has an engine that is ignited at
time t = 0, as shown below, and the engine fires for 2.50 s, providing a thrust of 14.6 N. When the
rocket reaches its maximum height, a parachute is deployed, and the rocket then descends
vertically to the ground.
Ground
t = 0s
Engine ignites
a.
t = 2.50 s
Engine shuts down
Maximum height;
parachute deploys
Rocket descends
On the figures below, draw and label a free-body diagram for the rocket during each of the
following intervals:
(i) while the engine
is firing
(ii) after the engine shuts down,
but before the parachute is deployed
(iii) the moment the parachute
is deployed
b.
Determine the magnitude of the average acceleration of the rocket while the engine is firing.
c.
Determine the velocity of the rocket at the end of the period when the engine fires.
d.
A person stands on a bathroom scale in a full-sized rocket that is being launched vertically.
Consider the time interval when the rocket engine is firing. Is the scale reading during this
time interval less than, equal to, or greater than the scale reading when the rocket is at rest?
Justify your answer.

10. Name
5. Forces in Two Dimensions
1. Which graph most accurately describes the relationship between the force of kinetic friction and
the normal force?
c.
Ff, kinetic
Ff, kinetic
a.
FN
FN
Ff, kinetic
d.
Ff, kinetic
b.
FN
FN
2. Glaciers push rocks in front of them. Before a stationary rock starts moving as a result of the force
Fglacier exerted on it, the static friction between the rock and the ground
a. decreases until it is smaller than Fglacier.
b. remains constant until it is smaller than Fglacier.
increases until it is equal to the product of s s and the normal force on the rock.
c.
d. decreases until it is equal to the product of s s and the normal force on the rock.
ou
3. Y are pushing a rock along level ground and making the rock speed up. How does the size of
the force you exert on the rock compare with the size of the force the rock exerts on you? The force
you exert
a. is larger than the force the rock exerts on you.
b. is the same size as the force the rock exerts on you.
c. is smaller than the force the rock exerts on you.
d. could be any of the above; it depends on other factors.

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Name
4. How does the size of the friction force exerted by the ground on the rock in the previous problem
compare with the size of the force the rock exerts on you? The force of friction
a. is larger than the force the rock exerts on you.
b. is the same size as the force the rock exerts on you.
c. is smaller than the force the rock exerts on you.
d. could be any of the above; it depends on other factors.
5. As shown below, two blocks on an inclined plane are connected to each other by a light string,
and the upper block also is connected to a hanging ball by a light string passing over a frictionless
pulley of negligible mass. The ball hangs over the top edge of the inclined plane. The blocks move
with a constant velocity down the inclined plane.
Block 1 has a mass of m1 = 6.00 kg and block 2 has a mass of
m2 = 3.00 kg. The inclined plane makes an angle of 0 = 3 2 . 0
with the horizontal. The coefficient of kinetic friction between
each block and the inclined plane is 0.124.
M
a. In the space below, draw and label a free-body diagram of
all the forces acting on block 2.
0
b. Determine the magnitude of the force of kinetic friction acting on block 2.
c.
Determine the mass of the hanging ball, M, that enables blocks 1 and 2 to move with
constant velocity down the inclined plane.
d. If the string between blocks 1 and 2 is cut, determine the acceleration of block 2 while it is
moving on the inclined plane.

12. Name
6. Motion in Two Dimensions
The diagram at the right shows the trajectories of two balls. The
magnitude of the initial velocity is vi, the launch angle is 0, and
the horizontal and vertical components of the initial velocity are
vxi and vyi.
(a) Compare the values of 0i. The value for ball A
a. is greater than the value for ball B.
b. is equal to the value for ball B.
Vertical position (m)
1.
A
B
Horizontal position (m)
c. is less than the value for ball B.
d. cannot be compared with the value for ball B using only the information given.
(b) Compare the values of vi. The value for ball A
a. is greater than the value for ball B.
b. is equal to the value for ball B.
c. is less than the value for ball B.
d. cannot be compared with the value for ball B using only the information given.
(c) Compare the values of vxi. The value for ball A
a. is greater than the value for ball B.
b. is equal to the value for ball B.
c. is less than the value for ball B.
d. cannot be compared with the value for ball B using only the information given.
(d) Compare the values of vyi. The value for ball A
a. is greater than the value for ball B.
b. is equal to the value for ball B.
c. is less than the value for ball B.
d. cannot be compared with the value for ball B using only the information given.
2. Two balls are thrown horizontally. Ball C is thrown with a force of 20 N, and ball D is thrown
with a force of 40 N. Assuming all other factors are equal, ball D will fall toward the ground
a. faster than ball C.
b. more slowly than ball C.
c. at the same rate as ball C.
d. at a rate that cannot be compared with that of ball C using the information given.

13. continued
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3. A pilot wants to fly due north a distance of 125 km. The wind is blowing out of the west at a
constant 35 km/h. If the plane can travel at 175 km/h, how long will the trip take?
4. A boy ties a 58-g tennis ball to the end of
a light string that is 65 cm long and whirls
the ball above his head in a horizontal
circle, as shown at right. The boy exerts a
force of 5.2 N on the string to keep the
ball moving in a circle at a height of 1.7 m
above the ground.
(a) Determine the speed of the ball.
(b) Suppose that the string breaks as the ball swings in its circular path. Describe the motion of
the ball
(i) the instant after the string breaks.
(ii) after the string breaks but before it hits the ground.
(c) How long will it take the ball to reach the ground?
(d) How far will the ball travel horizontally before it hits the ground?

14. Name
7 . G ravitation
1. According to Kepler’s second law of planetary motion,
a. planets maintain constant speed around the Sun.
b. planets maintain constant acceleration around the Sun.
c. the speed of a planet is greatest when it is closest to the Sun.
d. the area swept out by the orbit per time unit keeps changing.
2. A space probe is directly between two moons of a planet. If it is twice as far from moon A as it is
from moon B, but the net force on the probe is zero, what can be said about the relative masses of
the moons?
a. Moon A is twice as massive as moon B.
b. Moon A has the same mass as moon B.
c. Moon A is four times as massive as moon B.
d. Moon A is half as massive as moon B.
3. The Moon is receding from Earth by approximately 3.8 cm per year. Earth’s mass is 5.98X10 24 kg,
and its radius is 6.38X10 6 m. The Moon’s mass is 7.3X10 22 kg, its radius is 1.79X10 6 m, and its
orbital period around Earth is 27.3 days. The current average distance between the two surfaces is
3.85X10 8 m. Assume that neither body gains or loses mass and that the recession continues at a
rate of 3.8 cm per year.
a. Approximately how much will the gravitational attraction between the Moon and Earth change
between now and 499 million years from now?
b. Approximately how long, in present Earth-days, will it take the Moon to orbit Earth 499
million years from now?

15. Name
continued
4. The mean distance of the planet Neptune from the Sun is 30.05 times the mean distance of Earth
from the Sun.
a. Determine how many Earth-years it takes Neptune to orbit the Sun.
b. The mass of the Sun is 1.99X10 30 kg, and the closest distance of Neptune from the Sun is
4.44X10 9 km. What is the orbital speed of Neptune in km/s at this point?
c. Without doing any numerical calculations, answer the following. Is the orbital speed of Earth
less than, equal to, or greater than the orbital speed of Neptune? Explain your reasoning.
d. The radius of Neptune is 3.883 times that of Earth, and the mass of Neptune is 17.147 times
that of Earth. From the surface of which planet (Earth or Neptune) would it be easier to launch
a satellite? Explain your reasoning.

16. Name
8. Rotationa l Motion
1. The London Eye is a Ferris wheel with a circumference of 424 m and a total mass of 2,100,000 kg.
It has 25 cars, holds 800 passengers, and each ride lasts 30 min. The London Eye’s moment of
inertia is best estimated at between
a. 2X10 9 and 3X10 9 kg•m 2
c. 5X10 9 and 10X10 9 kg•m 2
b. 4X10 9 and 5X10 9 kg•m 2
d. 2X10 11 and 4X10 11 kg•m 2
2. In 7.0 s, a car accelerates uniformly from rest to a velocity at which its wheels are turning at
6.0 rev/s.
(a) What was the angular acceleration of the car’s wheels?
a. 0.14 rad/s 2
c. 5.4 rad/s 2
b. 0.86 rad/s 2
d. 42 rad/s 2
(b) If the tires of the car have a diameter of 42 cm, and they rolled on the ground without
slipping, how far did the car go in those 7.0 s?
a. 4.4 m
c. 110 m
b. 28 m
d. 130 m
3. Consider two wheels with fixed hubs. The hub cannot move, but the wheel can rotate about it. The
hubs are fixed to a stationary object. The hubs and spokes are massless, so that the moment of
inertia of each wheel is given by I = mr2, where r is the radius of the wheel. Each wheel starts from
rest and has a force applied tangentially at its rim. Wheel A has a mass of 1.0 kg, a diameter of
1.0 m, and an applied force of 1.0 N. Wheel B has a mass of 1.0 kg and a diameter of 2.0 m. The
two wheels undergo identical angular accelerations. What is the magnitude of the force applied to
wheel B?
a. 0.13 N
c. 4.0 N
b. 2.0 N
d. 8.0 N

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Name
4. A system consists of a steal beam of mass M = 68.4 kg and length L = 1.84 m, with a 39.0-kg
brass sphere attached at the right end of the rod, as shown below.
B
A
a. Determine the moment of inertia of the system for rotation about an axis through the center of
the steel beam (axis A).
b. Determine the moment of inertia of the system for rotation about an axis through one end of
the beam (axis B).
c. Determine the constant horizontal force, F, that must be exerted on the brass sphere in order
to produce an angular acceleration of the system such that = 2r rads. F is exerted perpendicular to the steel beam, and the system rotates around axis B.
d. Consider part c. If the system started from rest, determine the linear velocity of the brass
sphere after the force has been applied for 4.0 s.

18. continued
Name
4. The following collisions take place on a flat, horizontal tabletop with negligible friction.
a.
A
B
A 2.1-kg cart, A, with frictionless wheels is moving at a constant speed of 3.4 m/s to the right
on the tabletop, as shown above, when it collides with a second cart, B, that is initially at rest.
The force acting on cart A during the collision is shown as a function of time in the graph
below, where t = 0 is the instant of initial contact. Assume that friction is negligible. Calculate
the magnitude and direction of the velocity of cart A after the collision.
Force (kN)
0.0
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
—2.0
—4.0
Time (ms)
b. In another experiment on the same table, an incident ball, C, of mass 0.15 kg is rolling at
1.3 m/s to the right on the tabletop. It makes a head-on collision with a target ball, D, of mass
0.50 kg at rest on the table. As a result of the collision, the incident ball rebounds, rolling
backward at 0.80 m/s immediately after the collision. Calculate the velocity of ball D immediately after the collision. (Ignore friction in your calculations.)
c. In a third experiment on the same table, an incident ball, E, of mass 0.250 kg rolls at 5.00 m/s
toward a target ball, F, of mass 0.250 kg. The incident ball rolls to the right along the x-axis, and
makes a glancing collision with a target ball, F, that is at rest on the table. The velocity of
incident ball E immediately after the collision is 4.33 m/s at an angle of 30.0º above the x-axis.
Calculate the magnitude and direction of target ball F’s velocity immediately after the collision.
(Ignore friction.)