Intensive care Early Warning Scoring (EWS)
Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) Scoring
Simplified Acute Physiological Score (SAPS)
Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA)
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH)silla elsa soji
SIADH is a disorder of impaired water excretion caused by the inability to suppress the secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Inappropriate, continued secretion or action of ADH despite normal or increased plasma volume. Results in impaired water excretion, and subsequently hyponatremia and hypo-osmolality.
Concept Map of Syndrome of Inappropriate (ly high) Anti-Diuretic Hormone (SIADH)riddler2008
Optimized for the BlackBerry, iPhone, Windows mobile phone, Symbian smartphone screen as a reviewer on-the-go.
Write to riddler2008@msn.com for similar slideshows.
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH)silla elsa soji
SIADH is a disorder of impaired water excretion caused by the inability to suppress the secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Inappropriate, continued secretion or action of ADH despite normal or increased plasma volume. Results in impaired water excretion, and subsequently hyponatremia and hypo-osmolality.
Concept Map of Syndrome of Inappropriate (ly high) Anti-Diuretic Hormone (SIADH)riddler2008
Optimized for the BlackBerry, iPhone, Windows mobile phone, Symbian smartphone screen as a reviewer on-the-go.
Write to riddler2008@msn.com for similar slideshows.
Hyponatremia in neurological patients: cerebral salt wasting versus inappropr...Amit Agrawal
Hyponatremia is common in acute neurological patients
Can cause or enhance cerebral edema and intracranial hypertension, and to worsen neurological outcome.
Should be diagnosed rapidly and correctly
The hypertensive encephalopathy is a syndrome consisting of a sudden elevation of arterial pressure usually preceded by severe headache and followed by convulsions, coma or a variety of transitory cerebral phenomena.
Hyponatremia in neurological patients: cerebral salt wasting versus inappropr...Amit Agrawal
Hyponatremia is common in acute neurological patients
Can cause or enhance cerebral edema and intracranial hypertension, and to worsen neurological outcome.
Should be diagnosed rapidly and correctly
The hypertensive encephalopathy is a syndrome consisting of a sudden elevation of arterial pressure usually preceded by severe headache and followed by convulsions, coma or a variety of transitory cerebral phenomena.
Acute kidney injury (AKI), also known as acute renal failure (ARF), is a sudden episode of kidney failure or kidney damage that happens within a few hours
CKD is a condition in which the kidneys are damaged and cannot filter blood as well as they should. Because of this, excess fluid and waste from blood remain in the body and may cause other health problems, such as heart disease and stroke.
Oncology - For nursing students - tumors classification, cancer, differences between benign and malignant neoplasm,spread of cancer, pathophysiology with cancer cells, carcinogenesis, etiology, cancer screening, cancer prevention, management of cancer, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, bone marrow transplantation, oncologic emergencies
COVID-19 disease is a highly infectious disease caused by a newly (novel) identified coronavirus. COVID-19 infected patients may have mild to
moderate respiratory symptoms and can recover without any specific medical management. But few experience severe symptoms and lead to
mortality. COVID-19 is announced by WHO as a global pandemic. It is very critical to take appropriate decisions and timely management and
prevention of the infection.
Keywords: COVID-19, Diagnostic test, Management of COVID19, Pandemic, Pathophysiology, Signs, Symptoms.
Steps in nursing process, Specific to the nursing profession
A framework for critical thinking
It’s purpose is to:
“Diagnose and treat human responses to actual or potential health problems”
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
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1. Critical care Management in
Medical Nursing
Dr.Puvaneswari. K
Professor
Narayana Hrudayalaya College of
Nursing
2. MEDICAL CONDITIONS CONSIDERED
AS CRITICAL
ANY PERSON WITH LIFE THREATENING CONDITIONS :
Acute Myocardial Infarction
Acute renal failure
Cardiac Tamponade
Severe shock
Heart block
3. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Multiple organ failure and organ dysfunction
COPD
Poly trauma
Severe burns
Poisoning
4. IDENTIFICATION OF PATIENT NEEDS IN
MEDICAL CONDITIONS
• Early Warning Scoring (EWS)
• Acute Physiology and Chronic Health
Evaluation (APACHE) Scoring
• Simplified Acute Physiological Score (SAPS)
• Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA)
12. HYPOTENSION FLUID
RESUSCITATION
HT NOT
RESOLVED
HT RESOLVED
• CONTINUE FLUID RESUSCITATION
• ASSESS THE CAUSE
• ADD DOPAMINE AND NOR EPINEPHRINE
VOL.PROBLEM VENT.PROBLEM PUMPING.PROBLEM
• GI BLEED
• DIARROHEA
• SEPSIS
PNUMOTHORAX
PEEP
ARRYTHMIA
• BRADY
• TACHY
• ECG
• ECHO
• CARDIAC ENZYMES
• MI
• CARDIAC TAMPONADE
• PUL.EMBOLISM
13. Hypotension and shock management
• Fluid therapy- IV 1-1.5 liters or 20-40 mL/kg .
• Lower volumes of crystalloid to prevent over
dilution of blood and coagulation factors
• Pressors – Dopamine, Dobutamine , Epinephrine,
Norephinephrine, Vasopressin
• IABP
• Antibiotics
• Treatment based on cause
18. ACID BASE DISTURBANCE MANAGEMENT
Respiratory alkalosis
• Correct the underlying cause
• Reassurance or sedation, rebreathing into a closed
system (e.g., a paper bag)
• Correction of hypocapnia ( Reset the device)
Respiratory acidosis
• Treat the cause . eg Bronchodilators, Respiratory
stimulants
• Supplemental O2
• Mechanical ventilation and NIPPV
19. Metabolic alkalosis
• Treat the cause
• Use k- sparing diuretics and Acetazolamide
• Correct the deficiency (i e give chloride, water , K+)
• Expand ECF Volume with N/saline and KCl .
Metabolic acidosis
• Accurate diagnosis and treat the cause
• Oxygen administration or Intubation and
Mechanical ventilation.
• Replace losses (e.g. of fluids and electrolytes)
ACID BASE DISTURBANCE MANAGEMENT
21. HISTORY AND PHYSICAL
EXAMINATION
SEPSIS WORKUP- CBC,LFT, CULTURE OF ALL SPECIMENS,
CULTURE FROM INFLAMMED SITES , CHEST
RADIOGRAPHY
CULTURE +VE
NARROW
ANTIBIOTICS,
WORK UP
CULTURE – VE
CONTINUE EMPIRIC
ANTIBIOTICS
CULTURE –VE
CONTINUE ANTIBIOTICS
BASED ON BEST GUESS
CULTURE +VE
NARROW
ANTIBIOTICS
REPEAT HISTORY AND
PE SEPTIC WORK UP,
CHANGE ALL LINES
FEVER
RESOLVES
OCCULT INFECTIOUS CAUSE
• CHOLECYSTITIS
• INTRA ABDOMINAL ABSECESS
NON INFECTIOUS CAUSE
• DVT,
• PANCREATITIS,
• DRUG FEVER
SOURCE
ISOLATED
NO
SOURCE
FEBRILE
22. SEPSIS / FEVER MANAGEMENT
• Symptomatic management- Antibiotic therapy ,
Antifungal therapy.
• Fluid resuscitation ( 20 mL/kg of isotonic
crystalloid, followed by boluses of up to 1000 mL
of crystalloid or 500 mL of colloid given over 30
minutes).
• Vasopressors and Inotropes
• Steroids
• Antipyretic therapy eg acetaminophen
31. NURSES ROLE IN MANGEMENT OF
PATIENTS WITH MEDICAL CONDITIONS
• Assessment
• Diagnosis
• Planning
• Implementation
• Evaluation
32. RESPIRATORY MANAGEMENT
• Oxygen therapy
• Mobilisation of secretions
• Ventilator support
FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE MAINTENANCE
• Administer IV fluids
• Administer blood products
• Maintenance of intake and output
NUTRITIONAL MANAGEMENT
• Enteral feeding with need based nutrients
• Total parenteral nutrition
33. HYGIENIC CARE
• Meeting /Assisting ADL
• Back care
• Special care for ventilated clients
POSITIONING
• Prevention of bed sore
• Therpeutic positions
• Safety
PREVENTION OF INFECTION
• Aseptic technique
• Invasive site care.
• Hand washing.
34. PREVENTION OF COMPLICATIONS
• Monitoring
• Early identification of warning signs
• Patient safety
EXERCISES
• Respiratory , ROM exercises
• Early mobilisation
• Leg exercises
FAMILY MANAGEMENT
• Involve in decision making
• Family coping
• Transcultural and al manage