This document discusses techniques for creating form and value on a 2D surface by modeling historical and contemporary artists. It covers using different parts of the pencil lead to create textures, controlling line weight for highlights, cross-contour shading to give objects form, and using graduated shading to depict 3D shapes realistically or in an abstracted form. Examples are given of artists like Rembrandt, Courbet, Seurat, Wiley, and Celmins who demonstrate value techniques.

1. Creating form on a 2D Surface Value to Model Form

2. Historical Value - Rembrandt

3. Gustave Courbet

4. Georges Seurat

5. Contemporary Value – Kehinde Wiley

7. VijaCelmins

10. Value Techniques Each pencil can make a value scale. Find out the limits of each of your pencils.

11. Point vs. Side Shading with the point of your pencil can have a different texture than the softer shading that comes with using the side of your pencil. Point Shading Side Shading

12. Scumbling or Circular Shading Shade with the point or side as you make small circles to create a sense of value.

13. Line Weight Controlling the weight or pressure you apply to your directional value can give you highlights.

14. Contour Shading Cross-contour shading gives form to objects.

15. Controlling Graduated Shading

16. Controlling VALUE lets you do this…

19. Or this…

20. Student Work