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CPDM Major Project: Solar powered portable water purifier Task Clarification
The document presents a major project on a portable solar-powered water purifier aimed at addressing the need for clean drinking water, especially in India, where contamination and accessibility are significant concerns. It includes user study insights, competitor analysis, and technology options for water purification methods, highlighting the product's eco-friendliness, portability, and affordability. The project emphasizes the necessity of addressing the preferences and behaviors of various potential users, including travelers, rural populations, and those affected by natural disasters.
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CPDM Major Project: Solar powered portable water purifier Task Clarification
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- 2. CentreforProductDesign andManufacturing IndianInstituteofScience MAJORPROJECTPRESENTATION 26September2013 PORTABLE SOLAR POWEREDWATER PURIFIER Compiled by: Kashyep M Vinayak Kumar MAJOR PROJECT FIRST PRESENTATION:TASK CLARIFICATION Guided by: Prof. Amaresh Chakrabarti Prof. Monto Mani Prof. Praveen C R
- 3. PRODUCT INTRODUCTION PORTABLESOLARPOWEREDWATERPURIFIER MAJORPROJECT SOLAR POWERED EcoFriendly Easy charging Clean energy Freely available PORTABLE Carry anywhere Lightweight Compact Reusable PURE WATER Safe for drinking Colourless Odourless Tasteless
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- 6. NEEDANALYSIS: INDIA PORTABLESOLARPOWEREDWATERPURIFIER MAJORPROJECT Available Demand Utilizable Source: The Arlington Institute WorldBank report on water in India charitywater.org
- 7. USERSTUDY: SURVEY RESULTS PORTABLESOLARPOWEREDWATERPURIFIER MAJORPROJECT A surveywas conducted to get an idea about the scenario of usage and mind- set of the user. LINK: https://docs.google.com/forms/d/13Dj9FM8w08oK5sYb02fz9PUaSUWXry24ywIlhL0az1s/viewform 45% Considered themselves as avid travellers 221 RESPONSES + 12 INTERVIEWS 63% Buys packaged drinking water 4% Owns a water filtration kit 62% People had experienced odd tasting bottled water 79% People go for trips of less than 3 days 40% Uses soft drink bottles for carrying water only
- 8. USERSTUDY: SURVEY RESULTS Practicesused on field for purifying water Amount of water carried by a single person on field Cost range of the proposed product The lady traveller’s take on the subject Regional differences in water PORTABLESOLARPOWEREDWATERPURIFIER MAJORPROJECT 58% People contacted water borne diseases 54% Were uncomfortable drinking from open sources 15% People did not trust the filtration process Interview was conducted for a selected crowd who considered themselves to be active travellers: 8 male + 4 female Important take away:
- 9. USERSTUDY PORTABLESOLARPOWEREDWATERPURIFIER MAJORPROJECT CAMPING /TREKKING (Adventure sports,domestic tourism…) Domestic tourist visits in 2011 was 740.2 million Portability, adaptability to different locations, capacity Cost range from 750 to 2500 INR TRAVELLERS (Focus on railways) 25 million passengers daily, and a sizeable percentage of long distance travellers Portability, capacity, adaptability to different locations Cost range comparable to mineral water purchase over a duration. RURAL REGIONS (Water shortage areas) “Children in 100 million homes in the country lack water” No power required, price, easy usage Cost as low as possible USER DETAILS Source: Wikipedia Source: http://thewaterproject.org/water-in- crisis-india.asp Source: Domestic tourism in India, S V Rama Murthy, DDG, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation
- 10. USERSTUDY PORTABLESOLARPOWEREDWATERPURIFIER MAJORPROJECT FOR FIELD WORK (Tourists,NGO Volunteers, Researchers…) Number of foreign tourist arrivals in India during 2012, 6.58 million Portability, capacity, adaptability to different locations Cost based on performance DEFENCE (focus on Army infantry) 1,129,900 active personnel and 960,000 reserve personnel Portability, capacity, adaptability to different locations Cost based on performance RESCUE OPERATION (Floods, Earthquakes…) No of people affected: 1,521,726,127 (from 1980 – 2010, excluding causalities) Portability, capacity, adaptability to different locations Cost based on performance USER DETAILS Source: Disasters statistics in Indian scenario in the last two decade, Jyoti Purohit and C.R. Suthar Source: Wikipedia Source: India Tourism Statistics at a Glance 2012
- 11. MARKET / BUSINESSSTUDY Waterpurification is the process of removing undesirable chemicals, biological contaminants, suspended solids and gases from contaminated water. There are many different methods of achieving this, but based on the requirement, only the processes which are portable are mentioned here: PORTABLESOLARPOWEREDWATERPURIFIER MAJORPROJECT Boiling Boiling water will kill bacteria as well as other disease-causing micro organisms by making the environment too hot for them. Chemical Disinfection It is the process of using chemicals which can disrupt the micro organism’s metabolism Solar Distillation Solar distillation uses a pre-manufactured and easily portable still, which distils water, by evaporating it The method which was more interesting to us was filtration followed by UV purification, according to the scenario given Homemade Water Filters Water filters can be made on-site using local materials such as grass, charcoal, etc. Solar Water Disinfection (SODIS) In solar water disinfection, microbes are destroyed by temperature and UVA radiation Ultraviolet Purification Ultraviolet light induces the formation of covalent linkages on DNA and thereby prevents microbes from reproducing Activated Charcoal Adsorption This utilizes a form of activated carbon with a high surface area, which can adsorb many toxic compounds. Filtration Water is filtered to remove suspended particles and unsettled floc, by using sieve structures AVAILABLE OPTIONS Source: Wikipedia
- 12. MARKET / BUSINESSSTUDY PORTABLESOLARPOWEREDWATERPURIFIER MAJORPROJECT COMPETITOR ANALYSIS Lifesaver 4000Ultra Filtration Water Bottle Capacity: 4,000 L Technology: filter pore size 11 nanometre Cost: 9550 INR Cost: Cost Katadyn Pocket Micro filter Water Filter Purifier System Capacity: 50,000 L Technology: 0.2 micron ceramic depth filter (cleanable) Cost: 23,100 INR Cons: Cost, Difficult to use
- 13. MARKET / BUSINESSSTUDY PORTABLESOLARPOWEREDWATERPURIFIER MAJORPROJECT COMPETITOR ANALYSIS Portable AquaUnit for Lifesaving (PAUL) Capacity: 100 L Technology: Filtering using a membrane of size 20-100nm Cost: XXX Cons: Not portable LifeStraw Personal Water Filter Capacity: 1,000 L Technology: Filtering particles of approximately 0.2 microns Cost: 750 INR Cons: Cannot filter out rotavirus
- 14. MARKET / BUSINESSSTUDY PORTABLESOLARPOWEREDWATERPURIFIER MAJORPROJECT COMPETITOR ANALYSIS SteriPEN ClassicSafe Water System UV Water Purifier Capacity: 1 battery pack = 95 L Technology: Filtration & UV irradiation Cost: 4,400 INR Cons: Difficult to handle, requires refill packs Camelbak All Clear Microbiological UV Water Purifier Bottle Capacity: 1 charge = 60 L Technology: UV irradiation Cost: 6,200 INR Cons: No filtration part, so can only act on clear water
- 15. MARKET / BUSINESSSTUDY PORTABLESOLARPOWEREDWATERPURIFIER MAJORPROJECT COMPETITOR ANALYSIS Bottled water Afterthe user survey, it was found that packaged drinking water is the main threat for the proposed product, because of it’s easy availability, affordability and reasonable purity assurance.
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- 17. PRIORARTSTUDY PORTABLESOLARPOWEREDWATERPURIFIER MAJORPROJECT PRODUCT ANALYSIS Portable, refillable waterdispenser serving batches of water purified of organic and inorganic pollutant Receives water batch wise and contains UV tube which acts on the particular batch. Systems and methods for solar water purification Works on the means of boiling of water to disinfect.
- 18. PRIORARTSTUDY PORTABLESOLARPOWEREDWATERPURIFIER MAJORPROJECT PRODUCT ANALYSIS Portable water cleaner Filtration device and the pump unit are housed inside when the lid member is closed to the case main body. Portable water filtering assembly A portable water filtering assembly with soft bag in which filtering devices are received and an inlet tube and an outlet tube extend from the side of the apparatus.
- 19. PRIORARTSTUDY PORTABLESOLARPOWEREDWATERPURIFIER MAJORPROJECT PRODUCT ANALYSIS Method and apparatusfor reducing Microorganisms in water The present invention relates to a method for disinfecting drinking water or waste water using an ultraviolet lamp that generates both UV, for irradiating the water, and ozone for entraining the ozone in the water with a vortex generating apparatus. Field water purification system The water treatment agents include a flocculent to remove Suspended solids, a biocide to disinfect the obtained water from pathogenic organisms and activated charcoal for absorbing hydrocarbons.
- 20. PRIORARTSTUDY PORTABLESOLARPOWEREDWATERPURIFIER MAJORPROJECT TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS Inactivation credit ofUV radiation for viruses, bacteria and protozoan (oo)cysts in water: A review W.A.M. Hijnen, E.F. Beerendonk,G.J. Medema The objective of this study was to review the literature on UV disinfection and extract quantitative information about the relation between the inactivation of micro-organisms and the applied UV fluence. Floc characteristics and removal of turbidity and humic acid from high- turbidity storm water G. Annadurai,S. S. Sung, and D. J. Lee This study considered the removal efficiency of turbidity and organic content from high- turbidity storm water of tropical storm Nari, using polyaluminum chloride ~PACl! as a coagulant. The Determination of taste & odour in drinking waters (2010) This bluebook updates & complements the earlier version of 1994 by Environment Agency Contains methods for the qualitative and quantitative determination of taste and odour in drinking waters. A quantitative method for evaluating the photoreactivation of ultraviolet damaged microorganisms Clive B. Beggs This paper presents a new and simple model for quantifying the photolysis rate. A theoretical study is also presented in this paper which quantifies photolysis rates for E. coli O26 and E. coli O157:H7.
- 21. LISTOF REQUIREMENTS DEMAND / WISH WEIGHT L/M/H REQUIREMENTS RANGE GEOMETRY D- Capacity 750 ml to 1 L D - Cylinder Diameter < 75mm D - Arrangement Stand-alone unit, Modular ENERGY W M Output Required to process 50 L W L TemperatureAdjustment Ice to water / Comfort D - SupplyType Solar DC D - Storage Rechargeable Batteries MATERIAL D - Body Non-plastic, light weight, non-reactive D - Sealing / Gaskets Non-rubber PORTABLESOLARPOWEREDWATERPURIFIER MAJORPROJECT
- 22. LISTOF REQUIREMENTS DEMAND / WISH WEIGHT L/M/H REQUIREMENTS RANGE SIGNALS D- For input Charging, Charge status D - For output Safe / Unsafe to drink SAFETY D - Purity According toWHO / EPA standards ERGONOMCS W M Aesthetics - D - Ease of use - ECONOMICS W H Low Cost 1000 – 2500 INR D - Long Lasting 10,000 cycles (9 years at 3 bottles a day) D - Easy / No maintenance - PORTABLESOLARPOWEREDWATERPURIFIER MAJORPROJECT
- 23. LISTOF REQUIREMENTS DEMAND / WISH WEIGHT L/M/H REQUIREMENTS RANGE PERFORMANCE D- Removal of pathogens Drinking Safe W M Salt Removal Drinking Safe D - TDS Level 30 – 500 mg/L D - Turbidity 1 – 150 NTU D - Odour Non Detectable D - Taste Non Detectable D - pH Level 7.4 – 7.6 PORTABLESOLARPOWEREDWATERPURIFIER MAJORPROJECT