Data centres that use evaporative cooling can cut their energy bills by up to 80% compared to conventional cooling methods!
The specifications for the environmental operating conditions of IT equipment used in data centres have recently been revised, opening the way to evaporative cooling in such buildings. Evaporative cooling can provide a highly effective solution, with low installation and running costs, minimal maintenance requirements and quiet operation.
This seminar covers:
• Revisions to the specifications for the environmental operating conditions of IT equipment in data centres
• Options for cooling in a data centre
• Implementing evaporative cooling in a data centre.
Clarifying ASHRAE's Recommended Vs. Allowable Temperature Envelopes and How t...Upsite Technologies
The topic of raising temperatures in data centers used to be met with much criticism in the industry, but in recent years has become more accepted. A big driver for this acceptance has been ASHRAE’s expanded envelope for recommended and allowable server inlet temperatures. However, while this has eased the discussion, there are still some questions that have been left unanswered. What’s the difference between recommended and allowable? Which one is best to use? What steps must be taken to safely raise set points? How do you ensure servers are still adequately cooled? What if you have different server types (A1, A2, A3, A4)? This presentation will examine these questions to give a clearer understanding of ASHRAE’s recommended and allowable guidelines. Also covered will be an explanation on how, in some cases, it is possible to raise cooling control set points without raising server inlet temperatures.
Implementing Hot and Cold Air Containment in Existing Data CentersSchneider Electric
Containment solutions can eliminate hot spots and provide energy savings over traditional uncontained data center designs. The best containment solution for an existing facility will depend on the constraints of the facility. While ducted hot aisle containment is preferred for highest efficiency, cold aisle containment tends to be easier and more cost effective for facilities with existing raised floor air distribution. This presentation investigates the constraints, reviews all available containment methods, and provides recommendations for determining the best containment approach.
The segmentation of data centers into alternating hot and cold aisles is an established best practice. A number of manufacturers are taking this premise of airflow separation a step further by marketing "containment" solutions. By containing the hot or cold aisle, the air paths have little chance to mix, presenting data center operators with both reliability and efficiency gains.
To view the recording of the webinar presentation, please visit http://www.42u.com/webinars/Aisle-Containment-Webinar/playback.htm
Gaining Data Center Cooling Efficiency Through Airflow ManagementUpsite Technologies
This presentation highlights research from Upsite Technologies regarding the latest best in data center airflow management and cooling, including steps to improvement. Originally delivered by Upsite President John Thornell at the AFCOM Boston-New England Chapter meeting.
Data Center Cooling Efficiency: Understanding the Science of the 4 Delta T'sUpsite Technologies
While the term Delta T may be commonly used in the industry, there is much misunderstanding about where and why temperatures are changing in computer rooms. While two ΔT’s are commonly known, there are actually four different ΔT’s which contribute to the health of the data center. Understanding the sources of these differences and measuring them in your site provides insight about how to further improve the efficiency and capacity of computer room cooling.
Presented by:
Lars Strong, P.E., Senior Engineer, Upsite Technologies
Eliminating Data Center Hot Spots: An Approach for Identifying and Correcting Lost Air
Data center cooling is a hot topic. But, when you consider the challenges associated with cooling the latest generation servers, the growing cost of infrastructure equipment, and the risks associated with data center hot spots brought on by high-density clusters and premature hardware failure, it's easy to understand the focus.
To view the recorded webinar event, please visit http://www.42u.com/data-center-hot-spots-webinar.htm
Clarifying ASHRAE's Recommended Vs. Allowable Temperature Envelopes and How t...Upsite Technologies
The topic of raising temperatures in data centers used to be met with much criticism in the industry, but in recent years has become more accepted. A big driver for this acceptance has been ASHRAE’s expanded envelope for recommended and allowable server inlet temperatures. However, while this has eased the discussion, there are still some questions that have been left unanswered. What’s the difference between recommended and allowable? Which one is best to use? What steps must be taken to safely raise set points? How do you ensure servers are still adequately cooled? What if you have different server types (A1, A2, A3, A4)? This presentation will examine these questions to give a clearer understanding of ASHRAE’s recommended and allowable guidelines. Also covered will be an explanation on how, in some cases, it is possible to raise cooling control set points without raising server inlet temperatures.
Implementing Hot and Cold Air Containment in Existing Data CentersSchneider Electric
Containment solutions can eliminate hot spots and provide energy savings over traditional uncontained data center designs. The best containment solution for an existing facility will depend on the constraints of the facility. While ducted hot aisle containment is preferred for highest efficiency, cold aisle containment tends to be easier and more cost effective for facilities with existing raised floor air distribution. This presentation investigates the constraints, reviews all available containment methods, and provides recommendations for determining the best containment approach.
The segmentation of data centers into alternating hot and cold aisles is an established best practice. A number of manufacturers are taking this premise of airflow separation a step further by marketing "containment" solutions. By containing the hot or cold aisle, the air paths have little chance to mix, presenting data center operators with both reliability and efficiency gains.
To view the recording of the webinar presentation, please visit http://www.42u.com/webinars/Aisle-Containment-Webinar/playback.htm
Gaining Data Center Cooling Efficiency Through Airflow ManagementUpsite Technologies
This presentation highlights research from Upsite Technologies regarding the latest best in data center airflow management and cooling, including steps to improvement. Originally delivered by Upsite President John Thornell at the AFCOM Boston-New England Chapter meeting.
Data Center Cooling Efficiency: Understanding the Science of the 4 Delta T'sUpsite Technologies
While the term Delta T may be commonly used in the industry, there is much misunderstanding about where and why temperatures are changing in computer rooms. While two ΔT’s are commonly known, there are actually four different ΔT’s which contribute to the health of the data center. Understanding the sources of these differences and measuring them in your site provides insight about how to further improve the efficiency and capacity of computer room cooling.
Presented by:
Lars Strong, P.E., Senior Engineer, Upsite Technologies
Eliminating Data Center Hot Spots: An Approach for Identifying and Correcting Lost Air
Data center cooling is a hot topic. But, when you consider the challenges associated with cooling the latest generation servers, the growing cost of infrastructure equipment, and the risks associated with data center hot spots brought on by high-density clusters and premature hardware failure, it's easy to understand the focus.
To view the recorded webinar event, please visit http://www.42u.com/data-center-hot-spots-webinar.htm
When developing data center energy-use estimations, engineers must account for all sources of energy use in the facility. Most energy consumption is obvious: computers, cooling plant and related equipment, lighting, and other miscellaneous electrical loads. Designing efficient and effective data centers is a top priority for consulting engineers. Cooling is a large portion of data center energy use, second only to the IT load. Although there are several options to help maximize HVAC efficiency and minimize energy consumption, data centers come in many shapes, sizes, and configurations. By developing a deep understanding of their client’s data center HVAC requirements, consulting engineers can help maintain the necessary availability level of mission critical applications while reducing energy consumption.
sehubungan dengan kebutuhan Internet of things (IoT) di segala bidang, maka diperlukan data center yang memenuhi standar, salah satu bagian vital pada data center yaitu bagian HVACnya, berikut saya lampirkan PPT pemaparan singkat mengenai HVAC pada data center, mohon maaf PPTnya masih acak-acak2an :D
semogaa bermanfaat
4 steps to quickly improve pue through airflow managementUpsite Technologies
It’s well known that cooling typically accounts for around half of a data center's total power consumption. Given this, it's imperative that cooling is optimized to achieve a low Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE). While this too may be common knowledge, the question still remains, how can this be done quickly, with all possible benefits realized, and with the fastest return on investment?
Data Center Floor Design - Your Layout Can Save of Kill Your PUE & Cooling Ef...Maria Demitras
Implementing data center best practices and using CFD models allowed Great Lakes to suggest a data center layout that would improve PUE and efficiency. Jason Hallenbeck, DCDC, explains the concepts behind how data center floor design can save or kill your PUE and cooling efficiency—as found in this proposal. Find Jason presenting at the BICSI Fall Conference on September 14th at 1:30 pm.
The presentation of a Lecture on optimization of refrigeration systems given during a workshop in IITD. Includes an illustration and some generic ideas.
Dekon one of the professional manufacture and supplier for DC inverter VRF system in China. Here is the Dc inverter vrf installation instructions and tips.
Enclosure Strategies for Efficiency – Data Center Efficiency Best-Practice Starts with Your Racks
Historically, Data Center managers didn't invest much thought in their deployment of server racks beyond basic functionality, air flow, and the initial cost of the rack itself. Today, the widespread deployment of high-density configurations is causing major hot spot concerns and capacity issues. These factors, along with the high cost of power, require a sound understanding of how your server rack deployment plan relates to your overall efficiency strategy.
To view the recorded webinar presentation, please visit http://www.42u.com/enclosure-strategies-webinar.htm
Q&A What is the effect of Low CHW Delta-T on Efficiency & Comfort
التأثير السلبي لإنخفاض فرق درجات حرارة المياه الباردة على كفاءة منظومة التكييف و مستويات الراحة لشاغلي المكان
When developing data center energy-use estimations, engineers must account for all sources of energy use in the facility. Most energy consumption is obvious: computers, cooling plant and related equipment, lighting, and other miscellaneous electrical loads. Designing efficient and effective data centers is a top priority for consulting engineers. Cooling is a large portion of data center energy use, second only to the IT load. Although there are several options to help maximize HVAC efficiency and minimize energy consumption, data centers come in many shapes, sizes, and configurations. By developing a deep understanding of their client’s data center HVAC requirements, consulting engineers can help maintain the necessary availability level of mission critical applications while reducing energy consumption.
sehubungan dengan kebutuhan Internet of things (IoT) di segala bidang, maka diperlukan data center yang memenuhi standar, salah satu bagian vital pada data center yaitu bagian HVACnya, berikut saya lampirkan PPT pemaparan singkat mengenai HVAC pada data center, mohon maaf PPTnya masih acak-acak2an :D
semogaa bermanfaat
4 steps to quickly improve pue through airflow managementUpsite Technologies
It’s well known that cooling typically accounts for around half of a data center's total power consumption. Given this, it's imperative that cooling is optimized to achieve a low Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE). While this too may be common knowledge, the question still remains, how can this be done quickly, with all possible benefits realized, and with the fastest return on investment?
Data Center Floor Design - Your Layout Can Save of Kill Your PUE & Cooling Ef...Maria Demitras
Implementing data center best practices and using CFD models allowed Great Lakes to suggest a data center layout that would improve PUE and efficiency. Jason Hallenbeck, DCDC, explains the concepts behind how data center floor design can save or kill your PUE and cooling efficiency—as found in this proposal. Find Jason presenting at the BICSI Fall Conference on September 14th at 1:30 pm.
The presentation of a Lecture on optimization of refrigeration systems given during a workshop in IITD. Includes an illustration and some generic ideas.
Dekon one of the professional manufacture and supplier for DC inverter VRF system in China. Here is the Dc inverter vrf installation instructions and tips.
Enclosure Strategies for Efficiency – Data Center Efficiency Best-Practice Starts with Your Racks
Historically, Data Center managers didn't invest much thought in their deployment of server racks beyond basic functionality, air flow, and the initial cost of the rack itself. Today, the widespread deployment of high-density configurations is causing major hot spot concerns and capacity issues. These factors, along with the high cost of power, require a sound understanding of how your server rack deployment plan relates to your overall efficiency strategy.
To view the recorded webinar presentation, please visit http://www.42u.com/enclosure-strategies-webinar.htm
Q&A What is the effect of Low CHW Delta-T on Efficiency & Comfort
التأثير السلبي لإنخفاض فرق درجات حرارة المياه الباردة على كفاءة منظومة التكييف و مستويات الراحة لشاغلي المكان
Data Center Free Cooling in the Middle EastSyskaHennessy
Analysis of the options to provide cost effective data cooling in Middle East countries.
By Noriel Ong, ASEAN Eng., MIET, PMP, PQP, ATD; Syska Hennessy Group.
Redefining IoT with Innovation At Every Level - Prith Banerjee, Chief Technol...Schneider Electric
A sustainable future must become radically more efficient with the way we use energy. The Internet of Things (IoT) and the convergence of Operational Technology (OT) and Information Technology (IT) are enabling companies to deliver more innovation at every level, from connected products to edge control, from services to software, both on premise and in the cloud. Understanding the growth potential for infrastructure development and the related ecosystem is vital for societal, long-term investment.
How to Become a Thought Leader in Your NicheLeslie Samuel
Are bloggers thought leaders? Here are some tips on how you can become one. Provide great value, put awesome content out there on a regular basis, and help others.
75F Outside Air Optimization and Economizer ControlBrendonMartin3
75F Outside Air Optimization (OAO) combines hardware, software, and real-time weather data to provide advanced operation sequences for rooftop economizers to built-up air handlers in a variety of commercial buildings. This application has three main advantages: it improves energy efficiency, reduces comfort complaints, and improves ventilation and indoor air quality in high traffic areas.
The green data center has moved from theoretical to the realistic, with IT leaders being challenged to construct new data centers (or retrofits the existing one) with energy saving features, sustainable materials and other environmental efficiencies in mind.
This project deals with the effects that are caused by the data center. How severe these effects are and how to overcome these. The measures that has been provided are not only in constructional point of view but also focusing on other dimensions.
Data center cooling infrastructure slideLivin Jose
CRAC vs CRAH, what is Air-Side Economizer, What is chillers, What is cooling tower, what is CRAC, What is CRAH, what is the importance of cooling in data center, what is Water Side Economizer,
High Efficiency Indirect Air Economizer Based Cooling for Data CentersSchneider Electric
Of the various economizer (free cooling) modes for data centers, using fresh air is often viewed as the most energy efficient approach. However, this paper shows how indirect air economizer-based cooling produces similar or better energy savings while eliminating risks posed when outside fresh air is allowed directly into the IT space.
Smoke and environmental ventilation of multi-storey buildings using shafts we...Colt UK
Here is a copy of the questions and answers from our recent webinar on smoke and environmental ventilation of multi-storey buildings using shafts, slightly edited for clarity.
Seven good practices for pressurisation systemsColt UK
As a designer or specifier, you want to be sure that your smoke ventilation system will provide fire safety in all situations. If your design includes a pressurisation system, there are a few pitfalls to avoid. Here are seven good practices that will help you avoid them and design an effective pressurisation system:
Can car park ventilation schemes be more energy efficient? Yes – and they sho...Colt UK
Why is energy efficiency not regulated in car parks?
The regulations applying to car parks do not specifically advocate the conservation of energy but surely they should do. It does not make sense that buildings are subject to energy efficiency and low carbon emission targets driven by regulations such as Approved Document L (ADL), while car parks have no such requirement.
Q&A from Dr John H Klotes webinar on design fires for smoke controlColt UK
At our recent webinar with guest speaker, John Klote, we had a large attendance with many questions asked. Here you can find John's and my answers to these questions, slightly edited for clarity.
CPD Presentation - Smoke control and environmental ventilation in residential...Colt UK
Often corridors in apartment buildings suffer from persistent over-heating. The growth in popularity of district heating and hot water plant often leads to relatively high heat gains in common corridors, and this is exacerbated by the fact that buildings have higher levels of insulation. There are a number of solutions, ranging from natural or mechanical ventilation through to cooling. This Seminar focuses on the options available to developers and designers.
What you'll learn:
Design considerations relating to ventilation measures in residential corridors
Using smoke control systems as a dual purpose system to provide environmental ventilation – the options and limitations
Considerations regarding control systems.
Equipment specification
CPD Presentation: Key considerations when specifying weather louvresColt UK
The purpose of our presentation is to highlight areas of consideration for both Architects and Service Engineers to ensure that specifications adequately reflect design requirements and performance expectations.
Pressurisation Systems in residential and commercial buildings
Pressurisation Systems CPD
Approved Document B to the Building Regulations requires smoke ventilation to escape stairs and, under some circumstances, common lobbies and/or corridors in residential buildings. Pressurisation is one way of meeting this requirement.
This seminar covers:
An explanation of the basic legislative requirements and how these are achieved
The various design approaches
Specifying the equipment
CPD Presentation: Smoke Ventilation using ShaftsColt UK
CPD Seminar - Smoke Ventilation Using Shafts
Shaft ventilation in residential and commercial buildings
Prescriptive staircase requirements for fire fighting and means of escape in residential buildings:
Ventilation of fire fighting stairs
Natural ventilation to BS 5588 Part 5
Natural shafts to BS 5588 Part 5
BRE Shafts to BS 5588 Part 5
Mechanical shafts as an alternative solution
Ventilation of common corridors in residential buildings:
Natural ventilation to ADB 2006
Natural Shafts to ADB 2006
Pressurisation/ mechanical ventilation
Extended travel distances in common corridors using mechanical shafts
An explanation of the basic legislative requirements and how these are achieved using impulse ventilation
Application of impulse ventilation, both for carbon monoxide and for smoke clearance or smoke control
The advantages of impulse ventilation over traditional ducted extract systems
Use of CFD
Control systems used: carbon monoxide and heat detection systems
How impulse ventilation can be used to control smoke movement, allowing smoke control to be used, as part of a fire strategy, to compensate for the relaxation of other legislative requirements, e.g. travel distances
A case history of a particular project where travel distances were relaxed using impulse ventilation designed for smoke control
An explanation of how this project was validated using CFD and live fire tests
CPD Presentation: General Principles of Smoke ControlColt UK
Overview of the history of Smoke Control.
Legislation and the use of smoke control in the construction industry, including basic principles and guidelines for the main applications, including:
Single Storey Buildings
Shopping Centres
Atria
Fire fighting shafts
Apartment buildings
Car Parks
You want to improve your factory’s productivity: what’s next?Colt UK
The direct links between a comfortable work environment and productivity have been clearly shown by many studies. How do you know if you have a problem and what can you do?
As a factory manager you may have noticed some fluctuations in your facility’s production quality or volumes, or a changing pattern in staff complaints. These could be the first warning signs that production is not running as smoothly as it could and that there may be room for improvement in your factory’s productivity.
Are you sure your natural ventilation system is really energy efficient?Colt UK
You are specifying an energy efficient ventilator: what do you focus on – ventilator U value or air leakage? The simple answer is that both are important and need to be considered together.
As a designer or specifier you will set U value requirements for elements of your building in order to meet Building Regulations, ensure comfort and avoid condensation.
Questions and answers from Paul Compton's pressurisation webinar Colt UK
First of all a big thank you to those who attended my webinar last Friday on 'Pressurisation Systems in residential and commercial buildings'. If you missed it or would like to watch it again a recorded version is available here. Many questions were asked after the presentation and I decided to post the most interesting ones up here for everybody’s benefit.
The Lakanal House inquest and Local Authority tower blocksColt UK
The inquest into the Lakanal House tragedy concluded last week and the published verdict and recommendations raise important concerns regarding fire safety in local authority tower blocks, and particularly in aged housing stock.
Expert Accessory Dwelling Unit (ADU) Drafting ServicesResDraft
Whether you’re looking to create a guest house, a rental unit, or a private retreat, our experienced team will design a space that complements your existing home and maximizes your investment. We provide personalized, comprehensive expert accessory dwelling unit (ADU)drafting solutions tailored to your needs, ensuring a seamless process from concept to completion.
Transforming Brand Perception and Boosting Profitabilityaaryangarg12
In today's digital era, the dynamics of brand perception, consumer behavior, and profitability have been profoundly reshaped by the synergy of branding, social media, and website design. This research paper investigates the transformative power of these elements in influencing how individuals perceive brands and products and how this transformation can be harnessed to drive sales and profitability for businesses.
Through an exploration of brand psychology and consumer behavior, this study sheds light on the intricate ways in which effective branding strategies, strategic social media engagement, and user-centric website design contribute to altering consumers' perceptions. We delve into the principles that underlie successful brand transformations, examining how visual identity, messaging, and storytelling can captivate and resonate with target audiences.
Methodologically, this research employs a comprehensive approach, combining qualitative and quantitative analyses. Real-world case studies illustrate the impact of branding, social media campaigns, and website redesigns on consumer perception, sales figures, and profitability. We assess the various metrics, including brand awareness, customer engagement, conversion rates, and revenue growth, to measure the effectiveness of these strategies.
The results underscore the pivotal role of cohesive branding, social media influence, and website usability in shaping positive brand perceptions, influencing consumer decisions, and ultimately bolstering sales and profitability. This paper provides actionable insights and strategic recommendations for businesses seeking to leverage branding, social media, and website design as potent tools to enhance their market position and financial success.
Between Filth and Fortune- Urban Cattle Foraging Realities by Devi S Nair, An...Mansi Shah
This study examines cattle rearing in urban and rural settings, focusing on milk production and consumption. By exploring a case in Ahmedabad, it highlights the challenges and processes in dairy farming across different environments, emphasising the need for sustainable practices and the essential role of milk in daily consumption.
White wonder, Work developed by Eva TschoppMansi Shah
White Wonder by Eva Tschopp
A tale about our culture around the use of fertilizers and pesticides visiting small farms around Ahmedabad in Matar and Shilaj.
You could be a professional graphic designer and still make mistakes. There is always the possibility of human error. On the other hand if you’re not a designer, the chances of making some common graphic design mistakes are even higher. Because you don’t know what you don’t know. That’s where this blog comes in. To make your job easier and help you create better designs, we have put together a list of common graphic design mistakes that you need to avoid.
2. A brief history of Colt
A private company founded in 1931
I J O’Hea OBE (1897 - 1984)
2012 Group turnover £151 million
Manufactures in the UK, Holland, Germany, Saudi Arabia, China and
Brazil
I J O’Hea,
Colt Founder
3. Current UK Business markets
Smoke Control
Solar Shading
Natural Ventilation
Louvre
Environmental Comfort Control
Data Centre Ventilation
4. Evaporative Cooling in Data Centres
Covering:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Current Trends
Current Guidance on Temperature & Humidity in Data Centre
Applying Evaporative Cooling
a) The Evaporative Cooling Phenomena
b) Inside an Evaporative Cooler
c) UK Weather Trends
d) Evaporative Cooling Plant Layout
Energy Consumption
Air Filtration & Hygiene
5. Evaporative Cooling in Data Centres
Trends
•It is estimated that 1.5% of the total UK energy consumption can be attributed
to data centres and within the next 4-6 years it is thought that IT equipment
power demand will account for a 10% portion of the 2010 National Grid
capacity.
•The data market is estimated to grow by approximately 80% each year which
corresponds to a data centre power-growth rate of approximately 20% each
year.
•40-60% of the 10 year total-cost-of-operation of a data centre is electrical
power.
•A low PUE has, therefore, become the dominant trend and reducing the energy
consumption of the cooling system is the most straightforward and immediate
way of achieving this.
6. Evaporative Cooling in Data Centres
Trends
Many professional bodies are promoting this ideological change, most notably
The Green Grid (Maturity Model), The European Commission (EU Code of
Conduct for Data Centres), ASHRAE and BREEAM.
Relative to the more popular, traditional forms of data centre air cooling,
evaporative coolers are both inexpensive to buy, run and maintain, and contain
no refrigerants or chemicals.
7. Evaporative Cooling in Data Centres
Current Guidance on Temperature & Humidity in Data Centres
The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers
(ASHRAE) publish guidance on air supply conditions within data centre
environments. This guidance sets out temperature and humidity bands for the
air supply, and is widely considered the benchmark for data centres in the UK.
Before ASHRAE first published this guidance in 2004, there were no supplierneutral standards for data centre temperature and humidity and typical data
centre supply air operating temperatures were 18-20ºC.
8. Evaporative Cooling in Data Centres
Current Guidance on Temperature & Humidity in Data Centres
The 2004 ASHRAE guidance defines two operating conditions –
‘recommended’ and ‘allowable’.
These supplier-neutral limits were defined by the IT Equipment Manufacturers
who formed the ASHRAE technical committee 9.9 responsible for the standard,
and were designed to not void new or legacy IT equipment warranties.
The ‘recommended’ operating condition gives a temperature range of 18-27ºC,
an RH of less then 60% and a dew point of 5.5-15ºC. The minimum RH is set
by the lower dew point limit.
The ‘allowable’ operating condition gives a temperature range of 15-32ºC, and
RH of 20-80% and a maximum dew point of 17ºC. The minimum dew point limit
is set by the lower RH limit.
9. Evaporative Cooling in Data Centres
Current Guidance on Temperature & Humidity in Data Centres
Shown on a psychrometric chart…
Allowable
Recommended
10. Evaporative Cooling in Data Centres
Current Guidance on Temperature & Humidity in Data Centres
Yet, most data centre operators still choose to operate their
data centres at the lower end of this scale, with only a few
operating above 20ºC (often in the range of 22-24ºC). A
minority of the data centres are operating above 24ºC.
ASHRAE are presently trying to encourage more companies to take advantage
of the recommended and allowable envelopes – by demonstrating through
examples and case studies that this higher temperature and humidity envelopes
do not cause a higher risk of IT equipment failure.
A recent ASHRAE journal article, for example, found that high humidity is rarely
an issue in most data centres and concluded that "it is difficult to make a case
for actively controlling humidity in data centres." Typically, the temperature of IT
equipment is significantly higher than that of the air supply dew-point, and
furthermore most IT equipment is rated for operation up to 80% RH.
11. Evaporative Cooling in Data Centres
Applying Evaporative Cooling
A direct-air evaporative cooling system takes advantage of these wider
operating parameters – to provide air at desirable conditions, whilst offering
significant cost savings over traditional cooling methods
This is a direct-air system
The evaporative cooling system described herein is a ‘direct-air’ system,
meaning that outside air is conditioned and delivered directly into the data
centre environment.
12. Evaporative Cooling in Data Centres
Applying Evaporative Cooling – Outline Principle
Evaporative Cooling & Air
Handling Process
CRAC Unit
13. Evaporative Cooling in Data Centres
Applying Evaporative Cooling - The Evaporative Cooling Phenomena
Dry warm air is passed across a wetted
desorption medium, the water evaporates
from the media and is absorbed by the air.
The energy needed for evaporation is taken
from the air, whereupon the cooling takes
place. After the humidification the latent
energy content is higher, the sensible
energy content is lower and therefore, the
temperature of the air is lower.
Or in simpler terms, effectively pass warm
‘dry’ air across a wetted media, thereby
exchanging energy and reducing internal air
temperature.
15. Evaporative Cooling in Data Centres
Applying Evaporative Cooling
Desorption medium
Controls
Water pump
Filtration
Fan
Sump
16. Evaporative Cooling in Data Centres
UK Weather Patterns
Occurances of Temperature Vs. Humidity
120
100
Humidity (Rel.%)
80
Havant
60
40
20
0
-10
-5
0
5
10
Tem perature (deg.C)
15
20
25
30
17. Evaporative Cooling in Data Centres
Applying Evaporative Cooling
Within the UK, for a large portion of the year, the external ambient temperatures
fall within the ASHRAE limits, allowing free-cooling to take place. That is to say,
outside air is delivered directly into the data centre, bypassing the evaporative
cooler.
During periods of warmer weather, where ambient temperatures exceed the
ASHRAE limits, the air is cooled by the evaporative cooler - The UK’s temperate
climate is well suited to evaporative cooling, as during spells of warm weather,
humidity is generally lower. Therefore, during warmer weather, the potential for
cooling is greater.
However, owing to the nature of the evaporative cooling principle, conditioned
air leaving the cooler is of a high humidity (up to 90% relative humidity), which is
in excess of the maximum humidity levels set out in the ASHRAE guide.
18. Evaporative Cooling in Data Centres
Applying Evaporative Cooling
For that reason, before the air is ultimately provided to the data centre, it needs
to be carefully pre-conditioned so that both the temperature and humidity are
within desirable limits.
This is achieved by mixing the conditioned humid air from the cooler with lowerhumidity outside ambient air, which increases the temperature and reduces the
relative humidity, and therefore creating air at desirable conditions.
During periods of cooler weather, where outside ambient temperatures are
below the ASHRAE limits, the waste heat exhausted by the IT equipment is
recycled back into the supply air system and mixed with external ambient air to
raise its temperature.
19. Evaporative Cooling in Data Centres
Applying Evaporative Cooling
Final Discharge
From the
data centre
Ambient Air Intake
Mixing Channel
To the data
centre
Control Dampers
Evaporative Cooler
20. Evaporative Cooling in Data Centres
Applying Evaporative Cooling
From the
data centre
To the data
centre
Cold Day
21. Evaporative Cooling in Data Centres
Applying Evaporative Cooling
From the
data centre
To the data
centre
Cooler Day
22. Evaporative Cooling in Data Centres
Applying Evaporative Cooling
From the
data centre
To the data
centre
Warm Day
23. Evaporative Cooling in Data Centres
Applying Evaporative Cooling
This whole cause and effect process is
automated by a sophisticated controls
system.
Using that methodology, for most of the UK,
we are able to provide air to the data centre
within the ASHRAE acceptable limits for over
99% of the year.
This ability to provide high volumes of cool
air, within the limits of the ASHRAE guidance,
and at a significantly cheaper rate than the
traditional cooling techniques, means that
Evaporative Cooling has significant potential
within the Data Centre Market
25. Evaporative Cooling in Data Centres
PUE & Energy Consumption
It its simplest form, PUE is an energy ratio of the Total Data Centre Input Power
over the IT Power Load.
The PUE for the cooling can be itemised separately (described as a ‘partial
PUE’). For example, a data centre with a 50kW IT load that requires 25kW of
power to cool has a partial cooling PUE of 1.5 – commensurate with well
designed traditional cooling systems.
A direct-air evaporative cooling system can have a PUE of less than 1.1,
meaning for a 50kW IT load, the power consumption of the Evaporative Cooling
system is less than 5kW
( 50kW + 5kW )
PUE (1.1) =
50kW
26. Evaporative Cooling in Data Centres
PUE & Energy Consumption
The lower the PUE, the lower the energy consumption of the data centre.
A Colt direct-air evaporative cooling system has a partial cooling PUE of approx.
1.08.
Consider a 1MW IT Load. That’s a potential saving of over £400,000 annually in
electricity costs when compared to a traditional cooling system with a PUE of around
1.5.
Evaporative Cooling – 80kW to cool 1000kW IT equipment. 80kW x 8760hrs/yr =
700,800kWhrs x 0.12p/kWhr = £84,096
Traditional Cooling – 500kW to cool 1000kW IT equipment. 500kW x 8760hrs/yr =
4,380,000kWhrs x 0.12p/kWhr = £525,600
£441,504 saving annually using Evaporative Cooling.
27. Evaporative Cooling in Data Centres
Applying Evaporative Cooling - CFD
Supply air – cold aisle
Exhaust air – hot aisle
IT equipment in racks draws in cold
air and exhausts hot air. This can
be several megawatts of heat!
Typical section through hot & colt aisle of a data centre
28. Evaporative Cooling in Data Centres
Air Filters
The desorption medium built in the Evaporative
Cooler has a cleaning effect, as dust and pollen
adhere to wet surfaces. However, the desorption
medium does not have a classifiable filter effect.
ASHRAE recommend a minimum of MERV 8,
which is equivalent to the UK G4 specification
filter
Optional air filters to filter class G4, M5 or F7 in
accordance with EN 779:2012 for higher
standards of air purity.
A filter switch monitors the pressure difference
and when dirty sends a message to the remote
control or the BMS.
29. Evaporative Cooling in Data Centres
Hygiene
Smart design of the Colt Coolstream, operation
with drinking water, monitoring of the circulating
water and periodic drying times ensure proper
hygiene, making a disinfection of the water
unnecessary.
The Colt Coolstream Evaporative Cooler is the
only unit of its type certified according to VDI
6022 - "Hygiene requirements for ventilation
and air-conditioning equipment"