The document discusses cooling challenges for data centers and presents various cooling solutions. Specifically, it notes that cooling now accounts for 60-70% of data center energy costs. It then outlines challenges like increasing power densities and need for efficiency, availability, manageability, and serviceability. Various cooling architectures are presented, including room-based cooling, row-based cooling, and close-coupled cooling. Free cooling options using ambient air are also discussed.

1. Cooling Solutions Presented by Paul Almond – Datacentre UK

2. The Facts Energy costs are rising The cost to power and cool server room equipment now exceeds the purchase cost on a 3-year life-cycle, based on a traditional server room / data centre configuration.

3. Source IDC Cooling Solutions

4. • Reduce energy usage • Create more efficient rack space Cooling Solutions The Aim The government will be introducing a carbon tax in 2009 All companies will have to report power usage by law

5. Recent studies reveal that data centre power densities have increased ten-fold in the last 10 years and that cooling represents upwards of 60-70% of the total data centre power spend for the majority of customers. These costs are driven by the data centre power requirements and the volume of cooling airflow required Source HP Industry Studies

6. Agility – the ability of a system to adapt to change – increasing and unpredictable power densities driven by ever-changing business requirements. Availability – to eliminate hotspots and vertical temperature gradients at the face of the rack and to assure redundancy when required. Lifecycle costs – to optimise capital investment and available space – the ability to accelerate speed of deployment and lower maintenance costs, increase ROI and maximise operational efficiency. Manageability – Simple and intuitive configuration – predictive failure analysis and provision of cooling performance data. Serviceability – Decrease mean time to recover – simplify complexity – easier service procedures – minimise multi-vendor solutions. What are the cooling challenges in today’s data centres? Cooling Challenges

7. 38-42 o C 32 o C It is not only direction of airflow that must be taken into consideration, but also temperature rise across the server and the air volume required by the server fans. Blade servers are the most electrically efficient form of server. Available blade types for a given blade server system can vary dramatically in performance and power consumption Cooling Solutions 49.6 l/s/kW (223.2 l/s @ 4.5kW) Typical 7U Blade Server 22 o C Typical 1U Server 75.5 l/s/kW 22 o C

8. The predominant architecture for cooling data centres since the inception of the mainframe has been raised floor air delivery from perimeter computer room air conditioners (CRAC). At lower densities (1 – 5 kW / rack), adequate cooling is provided to IT equipment, despite the mixing of air throughout the room. Existing Configurations Room Based Cooling

9. Cooling Solutions

10. Note: In-row cooling architecture, as depicted, utilises a free air discharge without ducting or any containment of hot or cold air streams. Place the air conditioning units in the row of rack enclosures. Incorporating a hot / cold aisle design, heat is removed from the hot aisle as it is dispelled from the IT equipment. The hot air is then cooled and discharged to the cold aisle. Inherent energy efficiency advantages: - fan power reduction to move the air - shift in mindset from cold air supply to heat removal - removal of heat before it has a chance to mix with surrounding air in the room makes the remaining areas in the room a large available volume of supply air - length scale for air delivery is only a few metres or less (varies on number of racks) rather than tens of metres Existing Configurations Row Based Cooling

11. Cooling Solutions Eliminate the supply air from the equation Capture all the heat where it is generated, from the hot aisle Remove the heat before it mixes with air streams outside the hot aisle No obstructions to block the air path Avoid complex engineering Variable speed fans to match cooling capacity to power load in each aisle Room temperatures will be easier to maintain with less warm air escaping the hot aisle Close Coupled Cooling

12. Cooling Solutions How do I cool my data centre for FREE?

13. Cooling Solutions Use ambient air to cool the warm return water Ideally suited to new designs, but free-cooling options can be retro-fitted to existing installations Free-Cooling Chillers

14. TRADITIONAL Chiller Water Circuit Schematic Cooling Solutions

15. Free-Cooling Solutions FREE-COOLING Chiller Water Circuit Schematic Extra bits

16. Free-Cooling Solutions Free-Cooling – Average Air Temperature

17. Free-Cooling Solutions Free-Cooling – Air Temperature vs Free-Cooling %

18. Free-Cooling Solutions Free-Cooling Chillers Air cooled systems: typically 100kW-1200kW Uses condenser fans only (i.e. no compressors) to pre-cool the returning chilled water (in free cooling mode) Compressors only run if the required leaving water temperature cannot be achieved with free-cooling system Lower compressor run time = less maintenance and less down- time Capital payback typically <18 months EVEN FOR WORST CASE N+1: real bottom-line savings thereafter Maximised benefits using elevated chilled water temperatures, e.g. Hot Aisle Containment applications

19. What do I need to do to be able to utilise free cooling? Create predictable air flow Capture and Contain hot air to maximise return air temp Raise entering water temperature Water is 350% more efficient than air at transferring and transporting heat Free-Cooling Chillers Free-Cooling Solutions

20. Raised Floor Airflow Air Containment

21. . Air Containment Row Based Cooling With HAC

22. Hot Aisle Airflow Air Containment

23. Free-Cooling Solutions Free-Cooling Cost Saving Summary 120kW N+1 installation with Free-Cooling Chillers Achieve pay-back of the cost difference to standard chillers in <10 months for one machine; 18 months for worst- case, two-machine N+1 installations Typically achieve 100% Free-Cooling of data centre 26% (>3 months) of the year Achieve a useable level of Free-Cooling for >75% of the year Based on UK average daily temperatures measured in the SE region, 1997 to 2006 inclusive

24. Alternative options for energy efficient cooling solutions Turbocor Chillers Very high efficiency, especially at lower loads Centrifugal compressor with magnetic bearings eliminates oil and the maintenance / efficiency losses associated with traditional systems Combine with FREE-COOLING for maximum effect Cooling Solutions

25. Government ECA approval status Excellent full load energy efficiency Further improved part load performance Lower energy bills, reduced carbon footprint Virtually no mechanical wear Unrivalled reliability No oil to degrade the system over time Low noise No vibration Full remote monitoring capability 30% lower overall life cycle costs Turbocor Summary Benefits Cooling Solutions

26. * Carbon Trust Energy–Efficiency Loans Interest-free unsecured loans of between £5,000 and £100,000 are available for small and medium sized businesses who are investing in an energy-saving project. Coupled with the ECA scheme this offers business really significant savings. * Free Energy Surveys If your energy bill is higher than £50,000 per year, then you may qualify for a FREE energy survey to provide you with a practical action plan of energy saving measures tailored to your business. * Free Cooling - If you’re still not convinced... Cooling Solutions

27. Two major benefits for business The Enhanced Capital Allowance (ECA) Scheme and the Energy Technology List Energy savings Products listed on the ETL are highly energy efficient, and should produce significant long-term financial benefits by reducing your energy bills and Climate Change Levy payments. The Bottom Line Cooling Solutions

28. Thank You Cooling Solutions