2. INTRODUCTION
◦ The coronavirus disease 2019 caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a pandemic with people infected in almost
all countries.
◦ The most efficient solution to end this pandemic is a safe and efficient vaccine.
◦ But it becomes critical to know whether these vaccines will cause neurologic
disorders like demyelinating diseases, fever-induced seizure, and other possible
deficits.
3. WHAT IS SARS-COV-2 AND
COVID-19?
◦ Coronaviruses are common causes of usually mild to moderate upper respiratory
tract illnesses like the common cold, with symptoms that may include runny nose,
fever, sore throat, cough, or a general feeling of being ill.
◦ It is most dangerous when the virus spreads from the upper respiratory tract into the
lungs to cause viral pneumonia and lung damage leading to Acute Respiratory
Distress Syndrome (ARDS).
◦ When severe, this impairs the body’s ability to maintain critical levels of oxygen in the
blood stream—which can cause multiple body systems to fail and can be fatal.
4. SCENARIO OF COVID-19
◦ COVID-19 INDIA as on : 14 June 2021
(↑↓ Status change since yesterday)
◦ Active (3.30%)
◦ 973158 (53001 ↓ )
◦ Discharged (95.43%)
◦ 28162947 (119501 ↑ )
◦ Deaths (1.27%)
◦ 374305 (3921 ↑ )
◦ Total Vaccination : 25,48,49,301
◦ (14,99,771 ↑ )
6. COVID VACCINE
◦ The vaccine's goal is to produce antibodies that can neutralize pathogens or flag
them for destruction by the immune system.
◦ Despite different platforms used, modern vaccines share components with risk of
neurological adverse effects.
◦ Different technological platforms have been used to introduce the selected antigen
to the immune system.
7. TYPES OF VACCINES
◦ Four major vaccine mechanisms have been explored for the COVID-19 vaccines:
◦ Dna-based vaccines,
◦ Mrna-based vaccines,
◦ Protein-based vaccines, and
◦ Inactivated virus.
◦ DNA-based vaccines introduce the DNA coding for the severe acute respiratory syndrome-
coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2) spike protein into cells using viral vectors, inducing cells to
produce spike proteins.
◦ The mRNA vaccines similarly introduce mRNA into cells, usually via a lipid nanoparticle.
◦ Protein-based vaccines are based on the Spike protein or its fragments.
8.
9.
10. ILLNESS FROM COVID-19
◦ Cerebrovascular disease
◦ Stroke
◦ Obesity
◦ Dementia
◦ Diabetes
◦ High blood pressure
◦ Muscle and nerve damage,
◦ Encephalitis, and
◦ Vascular disorders
11. COVID-19 CAUSE OTHER
NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS
◦ COVID-19 para-infectious conditions that occur within days
to a few weeks after infection:
◦ Multi-system infammatory syndrome - which causes
inflammation in the body's blood vessels
◦ Facial nerve palsies (lack of function of a facial nerve) such
as Bell's Palsy
12. COVID-19 CAUSE OTHER
NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS
◦ Acute disseminating encephalomyelitis (ADEM) - an attack on
the protective myelin covering of nerve fibers in the brain and
spinal cord.
Acute necrotizing hemorrhagic encephalopathy - a rare type of
brain disease that causes lesions in certain parts of the brain and
bleeding (hemorrhage) that can cause tissue death (necrosis)
13. COVID-19 CAUSE OTHER
NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS
◦ Parkinson's disease-like symptoms have been reported in a
few individuals who had no family history or early signs of
the disease
Guillain-Barré sydrome (sometimes known as acute
polyradiculoneuritis) - a rare neurological disorder which can range
from brief weakness to nearly devastating paralysis, leaving the
person unable to breathe independently
14. COVID-19 CAUSE OTHER
NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS
◦ Transverse myelitis - an inflammation of the spinal cord
◦ Dysautonomia - dysfunction of the autonomic nerve system, which is
involved with functions such a breathing, heart rate, and temperature
control
15. COVID-19 INFECTION POST-
ACUTE EFFECTS
◦ COVID-19 infection post-acute effects usually include fatigue in combination with a series of
other symptoms.
◦ These may include:
◦ Trouble with concentration and memory
◦ Sleep disorders
◦ Fluctuating heart rate and alternating sense of feeling hot or cold
◦ Cough
◦ Shortness of breath
◦ Inability to exercise to previous normal levels
◦ Feeling sick for a day or two after exercising (post-exertional malaise) and
◦ Pain in muscle, joints, and chest.
17. LONG-TERM NEUROLOGICAL
COMPLICATIONS OF COVID-19
◦ Nerve damage, including peripheral neuropathy
◦ Symptoms of peripheral neuropathy vary depending on the type of nerves—motor,
sensory, or autonomic—that are damaged.
◦ Motor nerves
◦ control the movement of all muscles under conscious control, such as those used for
walking, grasping things, or talking.
◦ Damage to the motor nerves can cause muscle weakness and cramps.
18.
19. LONG-TERM NEUROLOGICAL
COMPLICATIONS OF COVID-19
◦ Sensory nerves
◦ It carry messages from our sense of touch, sight, hearing, taste, and smell.
◦ Sensory nerves transmit information such as the feeling of a light touch,
temperature, or pain.
◦ The symptoms of sensory nerve damage can include loss of sense of touch,
temperature, and pain or a tingling sensation.
20. LONG-TERM NEUROLOGICAL
COMPLICATIONS OF COVID-19
◦ Autonomic nerves:
◦ It control organs to regulate activities that people do not control consciously, such as
breathing, digestion, and heart and gland functions.
◦ Common symptoms include excess or absence of sweating, heat intolerance, and
drop in blood pressure upon standing.
◦ Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (also known as POTS) can increase heart
rate when standing up and cause such symptoms as lightheadedness (or fainting) or
difficulty concentrating.
21. DOES THE COVID-19 VACCINE CAUSE
NEUROLOGICAL PROBLEMS?
◦ Almost everyone should get the COVID-19 vaccination. It will help protect you from
getting COVID-19.
◦ In early vaccine development, there were extremely rare reports of unexplained
neurological illness following COVID-19 vaccination.
◦ Consult your primary care doctor or specialist if you have concerns regarding any
pre-existing known allergic or other severe reactions and vaccine safety.
◦ The general sense is the COVID-19 vaccine is safe in individuals whose Guillain-Barré
syndrome was not associated with a previous vaccination.
22.
23. UNDERLYING NEUROLOGIC CONDITIONS
AND THE COVID-19 VACCINE
◦ Many people with neurologic disorders are concerned that the COVID-19 vaccine
may exacerbate their symptoms or produce debilitating side effects.
◦ The vaccine is more beneficial to them, because having a neurologic disorder could
raise people's risk of getting severely ill, or having their disorders worsen, if they
contract COVID-19.
24.
25. MAIN COMPLICATIONS
◦ Vaccinating problems related to five conditions in particular.
◦ Guillain-Barré syndrome
◦ Parkinson's disease
◦ Multiple sclerosis
◦ Epilepsy
◦ Migraine
26. SIDE EFFECTS
◦ Most side effects of the vaccine may feel like flu and are temporary and go away within a day
or two.
◦ Reported side effects to COVID-19 vaccines have mostly been mild to moderate and short-
lasting. They include:
◦ Fever
◦ Fatigue
◦ Headache
◦ Muscle pain
◦ Chills
◦ Diarrhoea
◦ Pain at the injection site
27.
28. MYTHS AND FACTS
No. COVID-19 vaccines do not
contain microchips. Vaccines are
developed to fight against
disease and are not administered
to track your movement.
COVID-19 vaccines contain
microchips
Can receiving a COVID-19 vaccine
cause you to be magnetic?
No. Receiving a COVID-19
vaccine will not make you
magnetic, including at the site
of vaccination which is usually
your arm. COVID-19 vaccines
do not contain ingredients that
can produce an electromagnetic
field at the site of your injection.
Will a COVID-19 vaccine alter my
DNA?
No. COVID-19 vaccines do not
change or interact with your
DNA in any way. Both mRNA
and viral vector COVID-19
vaccines deliver instructions
(genetic material) to our cells to
start building protection against
the virus that causes COVID-19.
