The ppt is on OverloaIn other words, we can say that Method overloading is a concept of Java in which we can create multiple methods of the same name in the same class, and all methods work in different ways. When more than one method of the same name is created in a Class, this type of method is called the Overloaded Method. In some programming languages, function overloading or method overloading is the ability to create multiple functions of the same name with different implementations. It can be understood in simple terms with a simple example. A class addition has two methods named add(), one method has parameters int a and int b, while the other has three integer parameters, i.e., int a, int b, and int c. Therefore, the add() method is said to be overloaded.
The term overloading means ‘providing multiple definitions of’. Overloading of functions involves defining distinct functions which share the same name, each of which has a unique signature. Function overloading is appropriate for:
Defining functions which essentially do the same thing, but operate on different data types.
Providing alternate interfaces to the same function.
Function overloading is purely a programming convenience.
Operators are similar to functions in that they take operands (arguments) and return a value. Most of the built-in C++ operators are already overloaded. For example, the + operator can be used to add two integers, two reals, or two addresses. Therefore, it has multiple definitions. The built-in definitions of the operators are restricted to built-in types. Additional definitions can be provided by the programmer so that they can also operate on user-defined types. Each additional definition is implemented by a function.
An operator is a symbol designed to operate on data.
They can be a single symbol, di-graphs, tri-graphs or keywords.
Operators can be classified in different ways.
This is similar to function overloading
Operator Overloading
The keyword Operator
Overloading Unary Operator
Operator Return Type
Overloading Assignment Operator (=)
Rules for Overloading Operators
Inheritance
Reusability
Types of Inheritance
Virtual Base Classes
Object as a Class Member
Abstract Classes
Advantages of Inheritance
Disadvantages of Inheritance
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONDENSING HEAT EXCHANGERS...ssuser7dcef0
Power plants release a large amount of water vapor into the
atmosphere through the stack. The flue gas can be a potential
source for obtaining much needed cooling water for a power
plant. If a power plant could recover and reuse a portion of this
moisture, it could reduce its total cooling water intake
requirement. One of the most practical way to recover water
from flue gas is to use a condensing heat exchanger. The power
plant could also recover latent heat due to condensation as well
as sensible heat due to lowering the flue gas exit temperature.
Additionally, harmful acids released from the stack can be
reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation. reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation.
Condensation of vapors in flue gas is a complicated
phenomenon since heat and mass transfer of water vapor and
various acids simultaneously occur in the presence of noncondensable
gases such as nitrogen and oxygen. Design of a
condenser depends on the knowledge and understanding of the
heat and mass transfer processes. A computer program for
numerical simulations of water (H2O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
condensation in a flue gas condensing heat exchanger was
developed using MATLAB. Governing equations based on
mass and energy balances for the system were derived to
predict variables such as flue gas exit temperature, cooling
water outlet temperature, mole fraction and condensation rates
of water and sulfuric acid vapors. The equations were solved
using an iterative solution technique with calculations of heat
and mass transfer coefficients and physical properties.
The term overloading means ‘providing multiple definitions of’. Overloading of functions involves defining distinct functions which share the same name, each of which has a unique signature. Function overloading is appropriate for:
Defining functions which essentially do the same thing, but operate on different data types.
Providing alternate interfaces to the same function.
Function overloading is purely a programming convenience.
Operators are similar to functions in that they take operands (arguments) and return a value. Most of the built-in C++ operators are already overloaded. For example, the + operator can be used to add two integers, two reals, or two addresses. Therefore, it has multiple definitions. The built-in definitions of the operators are restricted to built-in types. Additional definitions can be provided by the programmer so that they can also operate on user-defined types. Each additional definition is implemented by a function.
An operator is a symbol designed to operate on data.
They can be a single symbol, di-graphs, tri-graphs or keywords.
Operators can be classified in different ways.
This is similar to function overloading
Operator Overloading
The keyword Operator
Overloading Unary Operator
Operator Return Type
Overloading Assignment Operator (=)
Rules for Overloading Operators
Inheritance
Reusability
Types of Inheritance
Virtual Base Classes
Object as a Class Member
Abstract Classes
Advantages of Inheritance
Disadvantages of Inheritance
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONDENSING HEAT EXCHANGERS...ssuser7dcef0
Power plants release a large amount of water vapor into the
atmosphere through the stack. The flue gas can be a potential
source for obtaining much needed cooling water for a power
plant. If a power plant could recover and reuse a portion of this
moisture, it could reduce its total cooling water intake
requirement. One of the most practical way to recover water
from flue gas is to use a condensing heat exchanger. The power
plant could also recover latent heat due to condensation as well
as sensible heat due to lowering the flue gas exit temperature.
Additionally, harmful acids released from the stack can be
reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation. reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation.
Condensation of vapors in flue gas is a complicated
phenomenon since heat and mass transfer of water vapor and
various acids simultaneously occur in the presence of noncondensable
gases such as nitrogen and oxygen. Design of a
condenser depends on the knowledge and understanding of the
heat and mass transfer processes. A computer program for
numerical simulations of water (H2O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
condensation in a flue gas condensing heat exchanger was
developed using MATLAB. Governing equations based on
mass and energy balances for the system were derived to
predict variables such as flue gas exit temperature, cooling
water outlet temperature, mole fraction and condensation rates
of water and sulfuric acid vapors. The equations were solved
using an iterative solution technique with calculations of heat
and mass transfer coefficients and physical properties.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
1. CSE 332: C++ Overloading
Overview of C++ Overloading
• Overloading occurs when the same operator or
function name is used with different signatures
• Both operators and functions can be overloaded
• Different definitions must be distinguished by their
signatures (otherwise which to call is ambiguous)
– Reminder: signature is the operator/function name and the
ordered list of its argument types
– E.g., add(int,long) and add(long,int) have different
signatures
– E.g., add(const Base &) and add(const Derived &)
have different signatures, even if Derived is-a Base
– Most specific match is used to select which one to call
2. CSE 332: C++ Overloading
Overloading vs. Overriding
• Overriding a base class member function is
similar to overloading a function or operator
– But for overriding, definitions are distinguished by
their scopes rather than by their signatures
• C++ can distinguish method definitions
according to either static or dynamic type
– Depends on whether a method is virtual or not
– Depends on whether called via a reference or
pointer vs. directly on an object
– Depends on whether the call states the scope
explicitly (e.g., Foo::baz();)
3. CSE 332: C++ Overloading
Function Overloading
class A {
public:
int add(int i, int j);
// not allowed, would be
// ambiguous with above:
// long add(int m, int n);
// Ok, different signature
long add(long m, long n);
};
int
main (int argc, char **argv) {
int a = 7;
int b = 8;
int c = add(a, b);
return 0;
}
• Calls to overloaded functions and
operators are resolved by
– Finding all possible matches based
on passed arguments
• May involve type promotion
• May involve instantiating templates
– Finding the “best match” among
those possible matches
• Signature does not include the
return type
– Which might not help even if it did,
i.e., calls may ignore result
– So, overloading can’t be resolved by
return type alone
– Compiler generates an error if the
call can’t be resolved
4. CSE 332: C++ Overloading
Operator Overloading
class A {
friend ostream &operator<<
(ostream &, const A &);
private:
int m_;
};
ostream &operator<<
(ostream &out, const A &a) {
out << "A::m_ = " << a.m_;
return out;
}
int main () {
A a;
cout << a << endl;
return 0;
}
• Similar to function
overloading
– Resolved by signature
– Best match is used
• But the list of operators and
the “arity” of each is fixed
– Can’t invent operators (e.g.,
like ** for exponentiation )
– Must use same number of
arguments as for built-in types
(except for operator())
– Some operators are off limits
:: (scope) ?: (conditional)
.* (member dereference)
. (member) sizeof
typeid (RTTI)
5. CSE 332: C++ Overloading
Operator Symmetry, Precedence
class Complex {
public:
// Constructor
Complex (double r, double i);
friend Complex operator*
(const Complex &, const Complex &);
// but not friend Complex operator^
// (const Complex &, const Complex &);
private:
int real_;
int imaginary_;
};
// multiplication works just fine
Complex operator* (const Complex &,
const Complex &);
// exponentiation operator unworkable
// Complex operator^ (const Complex &,
// const Complex &);
• Make arithmetic
operators symmetric
– As non-member friends
– Return result by value
– Don’t mix base and
derived types in their
parameter lists
• Operators for user-
defined types obey the
same precedence rules
as for built-in types
– Can lead to some
unexpected mistakes
– E.g., if uncommented
exponentiation for
a + b * c ^ 2
6. CSE 332: C++ Overloading
Member vs. Non-Member Overloading
// declarations in .h file
class A {
public:
friend bool operator<
(const A &, const A &);
A operator++(); // prefix
A operator++(int); // postfix
private:
int m_;
};
bool operator==(const A &lhs,
const A &rhs);
// definitions in .cpp file
bool operator==(const A &lhs,
const A &rhs)
{return lhs.m_ == rhs.m_;}
A A::operator++() // prefix
{++m_; return *this;}
A A::operator++(int) // postfix
{A ret(*this); ++*this; return ret;}
• Remember a this pointer is passed
to any non-static member function
– Object doesn’t appear in parameters
– For non-member functions and
operators all parameters are listed
• The rules about operator arity are
obeyed in code on left
– Operator == is binary
– Prefix/postfix ++ are unary, parameter
for postfix distinguishes its signature
• Must declare and define [] and ==
and -> and () as member operators
• Non-member operators are needed
when working with classes you wrote
and classes you didn’t write
– E.g., ostream << and istream >>
• Non-member operators are also
useful to preserve symmetry
– E.g., for arithmetic/relational operators
– May help to avoid unexpected type
conversions, especially with an
inheritance hierarchy
7. CSE 332: C++ Overloading
Summary: Tips on Overloading
• Use virtual overriding when you want to substitute
different subtypes polymorphically
– E.g., move() in derived and base classes
• Use overloading when you want to provide related
interfaces to similar abstractions
– E.g., migrate(Bird &) vs. migrate(Elephant &)
– Make[] -> () = *= ++ -- etc. members
– Make << >> + * - / == < etc. non-members
• Use different names when the abstractions differ
– E.g., fly() versus walk()