Counseling Abused Women

Counseling Abused Women
Counseling Abused Women: Factors Contributing to Successful Outcome Table of Contents
Introduction Part One: Violence against women The Problem Consequences of violence Origins of
violence Part Two: Treatment/Intervention models Service and treatment options Medications
Community Treatment/Intervention Part Three: Client/Family participation Client participation
Family involvement Part Four: Special needs Abuse of women with disabilities Equity/ Access to
treatment Part Five: Parties' promotion of various positions and their critical analysis Promotion the
realization of Women's Human Rights Critical analysis of various positions Conclusion References
I. Introduction a. General overview of the topic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It seriously influences the ability of women to achieve equal status. As a matter of fact, it is not only
the great number of violence cases against women that threatens women 's lives, but the fear of
violence that influences their everyday life, how they dress, where they go, with whom they
communicate, etc. Violence against women continues to be an urgent social and economic problem
in the world with serious influences on our health and social services systems. Violence against
women is any act of gender–based violence that leads to, or is likely to lead to, physical, sexual or
psychological damage or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, assault or arbitrary
deprivation of liberty, whether happening in public or private life. Scientific interest in the issue of
violence against women and its connections to poor mental health used to be insignificant.
Nevertheless, the rise of second wave feminism and activism around women's rights generated the
development of interest in the worldwide social problem of violence against women (Walker, 1989,
p.702). The importance of this problem has now been affirmed. Violence against women is legally
realized as a priority health and human rights problem (WHO, 1997). In March 1999 at the 43 rd
session of the UN Commission on the Status of Women, a Resolution was adopted that admitted that
violence against women is becoming acute in all countries, societies and socio–economic groups
and as a aftermath the
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Domestic Violence Against Women Essay
The United Nations Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women (1993) defines
violence against women as "any act of gender–based violence that results in, or is likely to result in,
physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts,
coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life." (UN
General Assembly 1993).
It is violence in private life that comprises domestic violence against women. Also called Intimate
Partner Abuse and Family Violence, it is a global issue that cuts across all geographic, social,
cultural and ethnic boundaries. But it was only in the last decade of the 20th century that it got
recognition as a serious public health ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The life expectancy at birth for the population is 66 years, infant mortality is 62 per 1000 live births
and the maternal mortality is 260 deaths per 100,000 live births ( UNDP 2011).
In addition to the globally prevalent forms of domestic violence , women in Pakistan also suffer
from forms of violence carried out in the name of tradition, culture and religion.
Honour killing is an old tradition which involves a male member of the family killing a female
relative if she is suspected of tarnishing the family's honour. In most cases the executor is the
husband, the father or a brother( Minallah and Durrani, 2009).
Stove burning is a form of dowry killing prevalent in the province of Punjab, mostly in the urban
areas. Married women are burned by the husband or his family as a punishment for not providing a
rich dowry, not producing a son, not allowing the husband another wife or as a result of long
running disputes. Acid throwing, particularly on the face, may be committed to avenge refusal of
sexual advances and alleged disloyalty by a wife or female partner. It is done to punish the wife for
bringing dishonor to the husband.
Marriage( Nikaah) to Koran( The holy Book of Muslims) is an old custom where a girl is forced into
celibacy to keep the family wealth intact. It is more prevalent in the Sindh province among the
wealthy feudal lords ( waderas).

Domestic Violence Viewpoints
"Violent or aggressive behavior within the home, typically involving the violent abuse of a spouse
or partner." Domestic violence happens everywhere and anywhere across the world. 691, 710
nonfatal violent crimes caused by and intimate partner in 2001 (Domestic Violence: Opposing
Viewpoints 18). It affects all of us in the worst way. There could be someone you know going
through this and you wouldn't even know about it. That's why people need to be more educated
about domestic violence. To know the signs and the red flags and help everyone around them,
because sometimes you don't notice people in difficult situations. Which leads to tragic outcomes.
The victims get their life destroyed by someone they know. Losing hope for the future. Therefore, ...
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One strategy to fix this is to educate the public. Mostly the youth, because they are the future. By
educating the public people will be more aware of the signs. To know if someone's suffering from
domestic violence or to know how to get themselves out of it. Most schools provide health classes
that go over this topic for a few days, but I think they need more than just a few days to learn about
domestic violence. I strongly feel that they should educate not just in schools but in jobs. To get
across to the older generation too. Another strategy to help the victims is to provide more help.
Providing organization and classes to go to while or after they've been abused for support and
comfort. How this would work would be by getting the government to support this movement. Also
tell law enforcement to make tighter and stricter laws, because many abusers get restraining orders
put on them and they violate them. Not having to face tough consequences. With all these changes it
would not alter our system we have in place today. These changes will work in our current system.
This problem just needs to get more attention from the public. To do something before it happens
rather than after. By doing all these things it will help you, me, and everybody else in this world.
Not just a certain race, gender, or country, because we all tie together to make this all happen. We
are all part of this

Violence Against Women : A Worldwide Problem Still Hidden...
Violence against women is a worldwide yet still hidden problem. Freedom from the threat of
harassment, battering, and sexual assault is a concept that is hard to imagine because violence is
embedded in a deep part of most cultures and most lives. "Violence against women includes all
verbal, physical, and sexual assaults which violate a woman's physical body, sense of self and sense
of trust, regardless of age, race, ethnicity, or country. Violence against women has been identified as
a major public health and human rights issue, and has been estimated by the World Health
Organization (WHO) to account for between 5–20% of healthy years of life lost in women aged 15
to 44 (Alhabib, 2009)." Violence against women reaches beyond the immediate threat of bruises and
broken bones. The violence against women in many parts of the world contributes to severe health
problems such as chronic pain, disability, disease, and mental problems. Violence against women
does not only affect the women physically but also mentally, emotionally and socially. Women are
affected mentally due to violence because their self esteem is reduced very much, their confidence
level is reduced and women who come through the situations in life where they faced violence, they
are unable to recuperate to their normal life style. Women who are involved in violence once upon a
time in their life usually face post traumatic disorder syndrome. Women involved in violence also
experience mental health disorders of

The Problem Identified:. Every Day People Are Faced With
The Problem Identified: Every day people are faced with images of violence, but few people notice
that women are disproportionately affected. Women are frequently victims of gender based violence,
"violence that is directed against a person on the basis of gender" (MuJER Guatemala). While
gender violence is prominent in much of Latin America, in Guatemala it has become an epidemic
with 1–2 women being murdered every day (MuJER Guatemala). Overall, Guatemala has the third
highest rate of femicide, which is defined as the "systematic killing of women (MuJER Guatemala).
Women are being targeted and harmed in mass numbers. From a quote attained by Eduardo Jiménez
Mayo, "'more than seven hundred women, mostly from poor families, [had] been ... Show more
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These years of war related violence also spread to acts of violence against women. For instance,
were routine and systematic–part of soldiers' instructions'" (La Violencia). Therefore, violence
against women is unfortunately a part of Guatemala's history. The violence women in Guatemala
encounter is still rampant today and women, in some sense, are just as helpless as they were in the
past. First, a lot of instances of gender violence are not reported. Even though it is the "most
reported crime in Guatemala," many occurrences go unreported (MuJER Guatemala). An estimated
400,000 incidences of gender based violence occur in Guatemala, with only 40,000 being reported
(MuJER Guatemala). However, of the few that are reported, even less end in the perpetrator being
prosecuted. Only two percent of perpetrators of femicide are prosecuted (MuJER Guatemala). Some
of the lack of criminal justice can be explained by the Guatemalan justice system. The Guatemalan
justice system changed to an adversarial justice system in 1994 (US Embassy). Because of the still
recent change,
Many Guatemalan lawyers are not yet accustomed to the new system of trial practice, and
procedures for the introduction of evidence and the conduct of the trial are relatively undeveloped.
Moreover, the Guatemalan government lacks the resources to conduct criminal investigations and
trials to the standard common in the United States.

Analysis of Women’s Rights: Rape and Sexual Violence Essay
In the global spectrum of modern warfare, it has become evermore evident that a war has been raged
fervently in pursuit of the destruction of the livelihood of women. The truth is obsolete in the era of
never changing gendered hierarchy, where heartless militia have severed the line of innocence and
consciousness for women worldwide; using them as scapegoats for their infantry. The victimization
of these is rampant; the abuse and violence against their minds and bodies does not prove a victor of
state but rather a violation of human life. Women own the right to their voice, to their ideas, and
most importantly to their bodies; the detriment of such on behalf of patriarchal social construction
impinges on these rights and the freedom of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In Peru, 70 percent of crimes reported involve women beaten by their husbands. In India, eight out
ten wives are victims of violence (Bunch 490). It was not until 1993 when the Declaration of the
Elimination of Violence Against women was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly
(United Nations Department of Public Information) that the cases of violence against women was no
longer viewed as a private matter between individuals. Women around the world are made victims
of incest, rape, and domestic violence that in many cases leads to death. "She tried to fend off the
blows, to get up, to cover herself, to find a sympathetic face in the crowd. Then the men gathered
rocks and concrete blocks and dropped them on her. Most rolled off, but she began bleeding, some
of the rocks struck her head. It took thirty minutes for Du'a to die (Half the Sky, pg82)."
This is one account of what is known as an "honor killing" in the Middle East where "religious
leaders and her own family insisted she must die (Half the Sky, pg82)." For the sake of Du'a's father
and her family, she was killed in the streets and onlookers were made witnesses of her death and
allowed to film so "honor" would be restored to her family. Du'a's death was viewed around the
world and still this form of violence persists. In many countries females become victims of violence
even before they are born, in a what is known as amniocentesis, a process used for sex selection,
"leading to the

Gender Equality : The Six Areas Of Gender Inequality
The gender equality model includes eight areas: work, money, knowledge, time, power, health,
multiple inequalities and violence. The first six areas form the main gender equality index. The
remaining two are additional areas that were not included in the main index because they describe
phenomenon that belongs not for the whole public, but rather to a specific group of society, such as
violence against women or gender inequality in specific groups of society, such as people with
disabilities, single parents, etc. Each area is divided into following: areas of work: participation in
the labour market and segregation, quality of working conditions; monetary area: financial resources
and economic situation; the field of knowledge: achievements and segregation, lifelong learning,
etc. The gender equality index in the area of employment analyses the level of employment of
women and men and their distribution in so–called "female" occupations (education, health, social
care). Another important aspect is considered and evaluated and that is working conditions, quality.
This is an important area of gender inequality, as women generally have fewer opportunities to raise
qualifications and take care of their professional career due to family and job conflict, and this
situation results in even greater segregation in the labour market. This is despite the fact that in the
Treaty of Lisbon the Member States have committed themselves to achieve equality between men
and women in the labour

Protective Legislations For Women 's India
Protective legislations for women in India and PWDVA, 2005 – an analysis of Guwahati city
By: Bidisha Bora, Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, R G Baruah College,
Gauhati University, Assam, India (e–mail: saikia_bidisha03@yahoo.com ).
Abstract
This research paper will try to highlight the loopholes in the legislative provisions for women in the
Indian constitution. Legislations for women have been there since the British rule. Independent
India is not an exception. But some Indian customs and traditions set restrictions towards women
ignoring them to be an individual. Social construct is such that women do not come out to speak
about their plight in the public. Since independence, Indian women has got the right to vote and
many rights enshrined in the constitution, but the violence against women in the private domain
remained unseen in the legal provisions of the country. Many movements took place to make the
violence against women in the private domain to get legal sanction. Anyways, women get much
legislation under the Indian constitution for their protection yet none of these legislations have
clearly considered domestic violence as a crime till 2005. The failure of the existing provisions to
address the domestic violence as a crime has led to the implementation of the Protection of Women
from Domestic Violence Act in 2005. This study is an attempt to analyse the awareness level about
the act. This study will deal extensively with the legal

Niue is a country in the South Pacific Ocean with an...
Niue is a country in the South Pacific Ocean with an estimated population of 1,190.[1] Since 1974,
it has been self–governing in free association with New Zealand. [2] Niue controls its own internal
affairs, while New Zealand retains responsibility for its defence and external relations[3] and is
required to provide necessary economic and administrative assistance.[4]
Niue does not have a Bill of Rights guaranteeing fundamental rights or freedom from
discrimination. Law relevant to human rights can be found in various pieces of ordinary legislation.
Areas of concern include the rights of women, children, and persons who identify as lesbian, gay,
bisexual or transgender (LGBT).
The Government of Niue
Contents [hide]
1 Legal framework ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Its initial report under the Convention on the Rights of the Child was due in 1998, but not submitted
until 2010.
Niue is not subject to the Universal Periodic Review process as it is not a member state of the
United Nations.[14]
Constitution[edit]
The Niue Constitution Act 1974 sets out provisions for Niue's self–government. The Constitution of
Niue, contained in Schedules 1 (Niuean) and 2 (English), is supreme law.[15] It prescribes the
powers and functions of the executive, legislative and judicial branches of Government. Aside from
the right to vote, it does not provide for any fundamental rights.[16]
Previously, Article 31 of Schedule 2 set out special rules for proposed legislation which could
impact upon human rights. This required the Chief Justice to be invited to comment on the legal,
constitutional, and policy issues where a Bill or proposed amendment affected such matters as
criminal procedure, definitions of criminal offences, marriage, the

Andres Jaramillo Analysis
Andres Jaramillo, a well–known restaurateur in Bogota Colombia has found himself in hot water
after making unflattering comments about a woman who claims to have been raped in the parking
lot of his restaurant" Andres Carne de Res." The comments Mr. Jaramillo made brings to light the
unfavorable views Colombia has on women.
After giving a scenario about a woman's choice in clothing and the consequences it brings,
Jaramillo's comments bring to light the haunting fact that women are facing the harsh realities of
gender inequality, violence against their rights, and against women in general. According to a recent
national study, 37 percent of married women have been physically abused by their husbands. Ten
percent of those women report having

Crime Against Women and Challenges to Overcome Them
"Crimes against women and challenges in abolishing the crimes"
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
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SUBMITTED BY: – Ritu Rajput
DATE OF BIRTH:–28–09–1991
ADDRESS:–H.NO 1162 SECTOR–K AASHIANA COLONY LUCKNOW (U.P)
TELEPHONE NO.:–07376756042
EMAIL: – riturajput.amity@gmail.com
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
AMITY LAW UNIVERSITY
LUCKNOW (UTTAR PRADESH)
BA.LLB (2010–2015)
3rd YEAR, Semester VI
Crimes against women and challenges in abolishing the crimes
Ritu Rajput
ABSTRACT
Swami Vivekananda said, "That country and that nation which did not respect women have never
become great nor will ever in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Gandhiji highlighted this truth long ago, when he pointed out that you cannot get American dollars
without American vice. The truth of this statement is brought out by the conditions that prevail in
India today. With the success of its five–year plans and the constructive efforts of the government,
there is a marked increase of production and rise in per capital income. There is an all–round
increase in affluence and prosperity and with this affluence there is also an increase in crime and
violence.
What is violence against women?
Violence against women and girls is 'any act of gender–based violence that results in, or is likely to
result in, physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women [or girls], including threats
of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private

life. 'Girls and young women under the age of 18 years are further subject to violence when they
suffer the 'neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation 'that is part of the broader
definition of violence against children
Defining Gender–Based Abuse:
The Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women is the first international human
rights instrument to exclusively and explicitly address the issue of violence against women. It
affirms that the phenomenon violates, impairs or nullifies women's human rights and their exercise
of fundamental freedoms.
The Declaration provides a definition of gender–based

Preventive Measures Towards Crime Against Women
Preventive Measures towards crime against women
Violence against women is a technical term used to collectively refer to violent acts that are
primarily or exclusively committed against women. Similar to a hate crime, this type of violence
targets a specific group with the victim's gender as a primary motive.
The United Nations General Assembly defines "violence against women" as "any act of gender–
based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual or mental harm or suffering to
women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring
in public or in private life." The 1993 Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women
noted that this violence could be ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
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3. Cultural Ideological Factors:
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Irrespective of national affluence or level of development, women are vulnerable to exploitation,
oppression and all other types of explicit violence from men in all societies where cultural norms,
tradition and legal system sanction women's subordination to men. In India, an important
mechanism of male dominance is the propagation of gender ideology through sanctions of religious
texts and their gender–selective interpretation by the community leaders. Moreover, increasing
exposure to violence through popular reading, theaters, film and TV shows, satellite culture etc.
directly or indirectly encourage men to commit offences like rape.
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4. Devaluation of Moral Character:
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Socio–economical conditions like poverty, unemployment etc. and political unrest tend to force
young people to be involved in drug addiction, hijacking, illegitimate sex and other anti–social
activities.Thus dislocated form moral courage they like to cheer up more by occurring rape violence
as thrill and adventure.
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5. Poverty Pervasiveness:
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Most people of the country are often victimized of due to object poverty. People in large

Feminist Theory
Feminism refers to political, cultural, and economic movements aimed at establishing greater rights,
legal protection for women, and or women's liberation. It includes some of the sociological theories
and philosophies concerned with issues of gender difference. Nancy Cott defines feminism as the
belief in the importance of gender equality, invalidating the idea of gender hierarchy as a socially
constructed concept.
Feminism has earned itself a bad reputation, but it never undermined gender differences that exist
between males and females. A man can never be as good a mother as a female can. Similarly, a
woman can never be as good a father as a male can. While accepting these anatomical and
physiological differences between the two ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They challenge the assumption that gender oppression is the primary force of patriarchy. They
object to portrayals of women of non–Western societies as passive and voiceless victims and the
portrayal of Western women as modern, educated, and empowered.
Today, they struggle to fight gender oppression within their own cultural models of society rather
than through those imposed by the Western colonizers. They, thus, react against both universalizing
tendencies in Western feminist thought and a lack of attention to gender issues in mainstream
postcolonial thought.
Some postcolonial feminists, such as Chandra Talpade Mohanty and Black feminists, such as Angela
Davis and Alice Walker, are critical of Western feminism for being ethnocentric. Chandra Talpade
Mohanty criticizes Western feminism on the ground that it does not take into account the unique
experiences of women from third–world countries or the existence of feminisms indigenous to
third–world countries. This discourse is strongly related to African feminism and is also associated
with concepts such as black feminism, womanism, Africana womanism, motherism, Stiwanism,
negofeminism, chicana feminism, and femalism.
Pro–feminism is the support of feminism without implying that the supporter is a member of the
feminist movement. The term is most often used in reference to men who are actively

The Book Of The City Of Ladies
INTRODUCTION Historically, women were thought of as inferior in physical strength, religious
traditions, philosophical and have faced intense discrimination from a lack of legal rights and very
little independence from their husbands and society at large. In many societies, women have long
been viewed as less than fully human. Christine de Pizan in her book "The Book of the City of
Ladies"1405, wrote that the oppression of women is founded on irrational prejudice, pointing out
numerous advances in society probably created by women. Under the end of the 19th century,
women were excluded from taking part in voting and politics, certain public events, education and
in many professions. By the late 19th century and the turn of the 20th century, witnessed
strengthening of the women's movement both at the local and international level, leading to an
increase in the public awareness of women's rights, women the world over were pushing for greater
equality. Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton in the United States, and the Suffragettes
led by the Pankhurts in England were among the first pioneers of the "women's movement." This
was a period of much activity as women organized themselves into public and high–profile
advocacy groups, campaigning for the right to vote and equality in economic and property rights. As
a result, starting from the latter half of the 1990s, the relevant national legislation has been
undergoing a process of review and important steps have been taken

Intimate Partner Violence
Cook: "I don't want him to know I even called. You know what I'm saying? That's the thing. That
triggers him when he knows I called. He tears the stuff up in my house."
Operator: "We'll tell them, but they're still going to contact you."
Cook: "He's already tried to kill me three times. I'm really just fed up with this. I can't keep moving
and changing my life because of this [expletive]."
Cook: "I've been going through this for five years with him. It's still the same thing. I have
complaints. If you look up my name, you'll see there are a hundred thousand complaints, but ain't
nobody doing nothing."
Operator: "When was the last time you called police?"
Cook: "Umm, two weeks ago, and they just tell me not to open my door. And all that." ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The highest prevalence rate is 65.6% in the central region of Sub–Sahara Africa and lowest in
eastern region of Asia with a 16.3% prevalence rate. Even at the lowest rate of occurrence, it can be
seen as one in every ten women is being abused by their intimate partner.
A Study on Factors Linked to IPV
Understanding the reasons behind domestic violence can bring about predictors and help provide
solutions for future education and deterrence. Intimate partner violence is not a one dimensional
subject, most often, a victim is not being abused by a partner out of just emotional outbursts–there
are many more factors that come into play when it comes to domestic violence. Abramsky et al.,
interviewed a total of 24,097 women from 10 different countries using standardized questionnaires–
the countries of Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Japan, Namibia, Peru, Republic of Tanzania, Samoa, Serbia,
Montenegro and Thailand. The questions asked were in regards to IPV with the women's past and
present partners, "whether they experienced specific violent acts, and if so whether this had
happened in the 12 months preceding the survey" (Abramsky et al., 2011). The women's answers
were compared to one another for analysis and risk factors were deduced from associations within
the answered surveys.
Factors such as low levels of education (from both the victim and the partner), history of abuse of
the

Political Governance in Post-genocide Rwanda
Political Governance in Post–genocide Rwanda
Critical analysis
The Spring Semester of 2014
Political Governance in Post–genocide Rwanda
I. Summary:
Rawanda is a country full of paradoxes, difficult for outsiders to understand what is really
happening there. While hearing ''Rwanda'' the first thing came into our mind is Genocide, massacre,
poverty, discrimination, corruption, and violence. Post–genocide Rawanda have been receiving
considerable amount of funds from international community despite being a dictatorship along with
miserable human rights record and instability in region. Rwanda is facing one of the most serious
problems with its political governance. Due to dictatorship there is little attention on vast majority ...
Overall, it is closely associated with governance related issues in Afghanistan. During the Taliban
regime, Afghanistan also faced lack of prosperous, stable and strong political governance since the
people in power (the Taliban) were dictators and brutal criminals committed massacre in large–scale
throughout the country. They had killed journalists, suspended International organizations, killed
and massacred foreigners by calling them 'outsiders'. If we refer to history, before 2001 both
Afghanistan and Rwanda were closely in same position in terms of governance since they both were
lacking a legitimate government authorized and known by United Nations or International
community. Therefore, Rwanda's case is associated and is somehow the same as Afghanistan. This
paper therefore argues that, political governance is playing a vital role in stability and harmony of
community to have a peaceful and prosperous society as well as in getting and using international
assistances and aids. However, it depends on government how, when, and where to use these aids.
Rwanda is a good example, throughout the history Rwanda have been receiving enormous amount
of aids and assistance from international community in particular the United Nations but due to the
political governance and structure of governance those aid were not used properly and made the
situation even worst. Moreover, lack of good political governance and illegitimate government of
Rwanda led to several

Living Free From Violence Is A Basic Human Right Essay
Living free from violence is a basic human right, yet millions of women and girls suffer
disproportionately from violence both in peace and in war, at the hands of the state, in the home and
community. Across the globe, women are beaten, raped, mutilated, and killed with impunity.
Violence against women is a technical term used to collectively refer to violent acts that are
primarily or exclusively committed against women. Similar to a hate crime, this type of violence
targets a specific group with the victim's gender as a primary motive. The United Nations General
Assembly defines "violence against women" as "any act of gender–based violence that results in, or
is likely to result in, physical, sexual or mental harm or suffering to women, including threats of
such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life."
The 1993 Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women noted that this violence could
be perpetrated by assailants of either gender, family members and even the "State" itself. Worldwide
governments and organizations actively work to combat violence against women through a variety
of programs. A UN resolution designated November 25th as International Day for the Elimination of
Violence against Women.
"All agree in recognizing the fact that females exist in the Human species; today as always they
make up about one half of the humanity. And yet, we are told that feminism is in danger; we are
exhorted to

Essay On Marital Rape
Marital Rape In India: Current Legal System
 Introduction
"Marriage is the intimate union and equal partnership of a man and a woman. It comes to us from
the hand of God, who created male and female in his image, so that they might become one body
and might be fertile and multiply. The free consent of the spouses makes a marriage. From this
consent and from the sexual consummation of marriage a special bond arises between husband and
wife. This bond is lifelong and exclusive. The marriage bond has been established by God and so it
cannot be dissolved".
Marriages in India are filled with ritual and celebration that continue for several days. During the
wedding, the bride and groom are told about their duties and responsibilities in married life by the
priest. Husband takes up 7 vows in which he promises to look after the wife, and that he will never
express dissatisfaction about any shortcomings in his wife and also that he will be affectionate and
treat her like a friend. "Raptus", is the generic term of rape which implies violent theft, applied to
both property and person. It is synonymous with a woman's abduction or sexual molestation, merely
the theft of a woman against the consent of her guardian or those with legal power over her. The
harm, ironically, was treated as a wrong against her father or husband, women being wholly owned
subsidiaries. Marital Rape is an unwanted intercourse by a man with his wife which is done with
force, or physical violence, or when she

European Invasion Research Paper
How did European Invasion in Australia change the lives of native Australians? The settlement of
white Europeans in Australia was one of the most notable yet swept–under–the–rug events in
history, just like other instances of he theft of land from rightful indigenous people. To Australia,
Europeans brought with them disease, violence, and widespread turmoil, but also mechanic
technology and advancements in communication and medicine. There are multiple sides to this
debate, from the perspective of a native Australian, European invasion was horrific and ruined the
natural order in place within the land, but a modern white man may say that settlement increased
international ties and evolved the nation and functionality of Aboriginal life with ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The fleet of power–hungry Europeans threw the balance they had perfected over thousands of years
and set fences and boundaries which Aboriginal people had never wanted or considered before.
William Hull suggests that "it is an accepted rule of civil life that no tribe can maintain a right to the
soil unless it profitably occupies or tills it. Admitting such a rule, the nomadic tribes of Australia
cannot be said to be dispossessed of their country." The functionality of the original custodians of
Australia depended on frequent moving between areas to support their lifestyle and needs.
Europeans, however, believed that this was immoral and they sought to "correct" the way that
people were living so peacefully. This greatly harmed the lives of the many Aboriginal tribes who
had not been previously wiped out by the disease brought to their country. Considering evolutionary
patterns, the introduction of modern medicine and technology can be said to have been beneficial to
the people who live/d in Australia. European invaders often questioned, "which has the better right –
the savage ... or the civilised man?" Which leads to this question, who really are the savages? The
men who ripped apart unity and solidity and slaughtered land masses of people, or those who
wished to live perfectly beside nature and profit personally from the bounty it had to

Taking a Look at Domestic Violence
The human's rights issue I choose is domestic violence. Domestic violence statistics show 85%
women and 15% percent of men are victims of domestic violence in the United States, and an
estimated number of 960,000 incidents per year. Domestic violence is an aggressive or a violent
behavior within the home, involving the violent abuse of a spouse or partner. "Domestic violence is
domestic abuse, spousal abuse, battering, family violence, dating abuse, and intimate partner
violence (IPV), is a pattern of behavior which involves the abuse by one partner against another in
an intimate relationship such as marriage, cohabitation, dating or within the family" (NA, April 21,
2014, In Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia). Domestic violence is a human rights issue because
violence against someone can cause physical, emotional, mental, and social effects on men, woman,
or children. Being physically abused can mean that maybe you have broken or sprained bones,
bruises and black eyes, or other type of scars and marks. "Emotional abuse can be more harmful
than physical abuse because it can undermine what we think about ourselves" (Maria Bogdanos,
April 22, 2014, Signs of Emotional Abuse). It can lead to insecurities, or thoughts to having negative
doubts about yourself. Being mentally abuse is when someone is telling you that you're not going to
be worth nothing and it can be emotional abuse too. When being in an abused situation it can take
hold on social effects by going out and being

The Role Of Globalisation On Emergence, Development And...
Introduction
Human rights abuses are one of the major issues in society. With the rise of globalisation and
emergence of international and domestic social movements the problem has been reduced however
it is still alive. This essay aims to investigate the influence of globalisation on emergence,
development and outcomes of social movements that seek to protect human rights. (60 words)
Case
One of the most serious human rights violations are forced child marriages. Child marriage is
defined as a formal marriage or informal union before age 18. Forced marriages have a strong affect
on women 's and children's rights to education, health, equality, and life that is free from violence
and exploitation.
The basic human rights for freedom, education and health are listed in the Universal Declaration of
Human Rights, the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), the Convention on the Elimination
of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), however the number of human rights
abuses is still significantly large.
According to the research of California State University the girls are more likely to become the
victims of child marriage than boys. A comparison of the proportion of young girls aged 7–14 who
were forced into marriage in 2005 to boys aged 8–15 who were married in the same year illustrated
the ratio to be 74 to 1 in Pakistan, 68 to 2 in Syria, and 34 to 2 in Iran.
UNICEF research from 2013 shows that more than 700 million girls alive today were married at
early

Taliban Women Research Paper
A myriad of simple pleasures living life in the United States for women include voting, wearing
what you choose or working wherever you want. Many women take this for granted. In places all
over the world, women are subordinate to men politically and socially. These women cannot enjoy
the simple pleasures of life because of the society they are living in, especially women living in
Afghanistan. Under the rule of the Taliban women had next to no rights because of the high honor
held by men in their society. After the removal of the Taliban by the Northern Alliance in Kabul in
2001, conditions for women have improved, but inequality still exists due to a continued patriarchal
society.
Even before Taliban rule in Afghanistan, women were looked ... Show more content on
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The Northern Alliance is a multi–ethnic alliance group in Afghanistan united under their opposition
to the Taliban. This was the beginning toward their new freedom, but unfortunately progress still
needed to be made towards this independence. The Northern Alliance sent security forces into Kabul
on November 18,2001 after the unanticipated withdrawal of the Taliban (Rhode et al.). On Kabul's
outskirts, women who were forced into virtually total seclusion under Taliban rule waved excitedly
to foreigners and hundreds of people, mostly women, celebrated in the streets (Rhode et al.). Women
were previously disrespected during the Taliban rule and that was now becoming evident. After the
Taliban withdrew from Afghanistan, there was an immediate push toward improving rights for
women. This push towards an improvement of women's right was advocated by the unjust treatment
suffered by women in their patriarchal society under the rule of the Taliban. This was the initial step
towards women's equality in Afghanistan society, a long awaited

Genocide in Rwanda Essay
Genocide is "the deliberate and systematic destruction of a racial, ethnic, political, or cultural
group". In Rwanda for example, the Hutu–led government embraced a new program that called for
the country's Hutu people to murder anyone that was a Tutsi (Gourevitch, 6). This new policy of one
ethnic group (Hutu) that was called upon to murder another ethnic group (Tutsi) occurred during
April through June of 1994 and resulted in the genocide of approximately 800,000 innocent people
that even included women and children of all ages. In this paper I will first analyze the
origins/historical context regarding the discontent amongst the Hutu and Tutsi people as well as the
historical context as to why major players in the international ... Show more content on
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The Belgians also decreed that Tutsis should be the only ones in power and thus removed Hutus
from positions of power and excluded them from higher education (Arraras). "By assuring the
Tutsis' monopoly of power the Belgians set the stage for future conflict in Rwanda" (Arraras). The
Tutsis were enjoying their status as being superior to the Hutus but all that changed in 1959 with the
Hutu revolution and so in 1960 and 1961 the Hutus won the elections. Since then, ethnic tensions
had always been brewing between the Hutus and the Tutsis. However the tensions escalated when
Rwandan President Juvenal Habyarimana, a Hutu, was shot down above Kigali airport on April 6,
1994. I consider this to be a form of political violence because someone or a group that opposed this
President which represented only the political interests as well as the viability of the Hutus had to be
killed in order for another group possibly the Tutsis to fill the vacuum of power left by the Hutu
president. The Hutus blamed the assassination of their president on the Tutsis and in turn sparked an
all out massacre waged on to the Tutsi people. Although it is sometimes viewed that major players in
the international community did not get involved in the conflict between the Hutus and the Tutsis I
argue that in some form or fashion they did. For example, prior to the genocide of 1994 the United
States had formed an alliance with the Tutsis, they even gave Paul Kagame, co–founder of the

Kosovo Police Brutality
The fact is that, for both Albanian and Serb nationalism, Kosovo serves as a myth, a historical
narration, and a national symbol of special religious, cultural and political importance (Baliqi, 2015:
295). Nevertheless, the conflict started to warm up when Milosevic began to infringe upon the
fundamental rights of the ethnic Albanians and then later limit their access to institutions. The
Special Rapporteurs of the Commission on Human Rights of the former Yugoslavia until 1995,
among many others, found these rights to have been violated:
1. Police brutality against ethnic Albanians, such as arbitrary searches, seizures and arrests, forced
evictions, torture and ill–treatments of detainees;
2. Discriminatory and arbitrary dismissals of ethnic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Subsequently, in late 1997, the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA), made its appearance and conducted
several hit and run insurgencies. This gave the green light to Serbia now to issue forces in Kosovo
and maintain the country inside its borders. The internal situation entirely escalated when forces in
search of KLA men went to the KLA leader's house, Adem Jashari, and massacred 58 people among
them women and children (Independent International Commission on Kosovo, 2000; 3). By the end
of the war, forces had destroyed villages, expelled 800,000 ethnic Albanians and killed over 4,000
people (HRW, 2001: 4–7). Here as well, the international community started to see what could be
negotiated with Milosevic. The international powers – composed of the United States, the United
Kingdom, France, Italy, Germany, and Russia – indeed were facing legal and moral dilemmas.
Meanwhile the talks were going on, the Serbian forces in Kosovo was conducting massacres, and it
has been noted that one of their anthems was "a massacre per day keeps NATO away" (Power, 2007:
447). Negotiations were taking place in Rembouillet, known as the 'Rembouillet talks,' where little
was achieved, since Milosevic was

The Contribution Of The Enlightenment Era
The Enlightenment era was a significant time period in which many advancements were made in the
understanding of science and philosophy. Through science and philosophy the idea of human rights
was first introduced. Philosophers such as Thomas Hobbes and John Locke wrote articles regarding
the role of the individual and the role the individual plays in society. They elaborated on how
governments are supposed to respect and honor the inalienable human rights attained during birth.
The ideas that were presented during this time period have continued to have an impact in today's
society and provide an understanding of how humans around the world, regardless of gender, race,
social status, and religion, deserve to be treated. Female genital mutilation is a procedure that is
considered an important human rights issue in some parts of the world by the international
community. Female genital mutilation or FGM is defined as a procedure involving partial or total
removal of female genital organs . "Subjecting girls and women to female genital mutilation violates
their rights that are protected in international and regional instruments ." It is a social ritual that is
performed in 28 countries from Africa to the Middle East. 130 million women are affected by this
harmful practice each year with most girls being 4–11 years old (See Figure 1). The prevalence of
female genital mutilation in Somalia is the largest in the world with 98% (Figure 2). FGM has been
considered a human rights

Human Rights During The Enlightenment Era
The Enlightenment era was a significant time period in which many advancements were made in the
understanding of science, philosophy, and the first introduction to human rights. Many philosophers
such as Thomas Hobbes and John Locke wrote articles regarding the role of an individual and the
role they play in society. They also elaborated on how the government is supposed to respect and
honor these inalienable human rights attained during birth. The ideas that were presented during this
time period have continued to have an impact in today's society and provide an understanding of
how humans around the world, regardless of gender, race, social status, and religion, deserve to be
treated. Female genital mutilation is a human rights issue that ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Individuals are entitled to enjoy "the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health, " and
FGM takes away a woman's right to this according to Article 12 of the Economic, Social, and
Cultural Rights Covenant. The Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination
against Women committee has recommended that governments devise health policies that focus on
the need of girls and adolescents who have to be subjected to practices like FGM that are significant
parts of their culture . It is very important to realize that groups like CEDAW work very hard to
combat issues like FGM, but it is difficult when they are fighting against generation old practices.
Female genital has many health consequences that come from complications with the procedure.
These consequences are not only physical, but psychological as well. FGM most commonly takes
place in remote, rural areas by "traditional practitioners" or midwives who have never had formal
training. The midwives will often use knives, razors, or broken glass that are not sterile to cut the
young girls. Not only with the materials be unsterile, but the procedure is usually performed in
unsanitary conditions . Short term complications from the procedure include excessive bleeding,
genital tissue swelling, infections, HIV, urination problems, impaired wound healing, and even
death. These 8 possible complications are inflicted on young girls and

Women's Rights Violation: Human Trafficking in Indonesia...
Human trafficking is a global human rights issue, where women are the biggest target. Human
trafficking is defined as the transport of a person through force, threat or abduction to then bind the
person to its employee or for exploitation reasons. The term exploitation includes: prostitution, other
sexual exploitations, slavery, forced labour, servitude and the removal of organs (United Nations
Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime, 2000). This essay is focusing on women's
rights, by looking at human trafficking in Indonesia. Poverty and small employment opportunities as
well as the unequal gender roles are the many reasons for human trafficking in Indonesia. This leads
to the nation having to spend money on legal matters and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Human trafficking is violating these earlier mentioned rights. There are an estimate of 2.5 million
victims, which can be any age or gender. Mostly women are impacted by trafficking, as 79 percent
is sexual exploitation. Human trafficking is a global business generating huge amounts of profit. A
ten dollar billion profit for criminals per year has been calculated by looking at the documented
statistics (UNODC, 2014). In Indonesia labour recruits (known as PJTKIs) operate legally and
illegally. They charge high recruitment fees, which makes migrants vulnerable to debt bondage and
binds them to the PJTKI. The recruitment brokers are reported to use connections to corrupted
government officials and police and escape jail sentences (Humantrafficking.org, 2006). The US
department of State Trafficking in Persons Report (2011) found that 471 Indonesian migrants
returned home pregnant, due to rape in the Middle East. Additionally 161 women returned with
children born. Indonesia is not just a victim of human trafficking; the same report found that
Indonesia exploited victims from Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Women and girls are most
vulnerable to human traffic, because of their subordinate position in Indonesia (UNFPA, n.d.).
Human trafficking on women happens because of many reasons around the world; this practice
infringes upon many different legislations and human rights.
The reasons for human trafficking in

REACTION PAPER ON THE MOVIE
REACTION PAPER ON THE MOVIE: "Iron Jawed Angels" Administrative Law Joy Ivee O. Ong,
JD 2 Student Atty. Judiel M. Pareja Professor Abstract This paper tackles the significance and
implications of the movie "Iron Jawed Angels" as regards to how women were viewed in the early
1900's and the struggles that certain women had undergone in order for the female population to
freely cast her vote in a male dominated society. The purpose of this paper is to depict an era when
women were viewed no different from chattels whose main purpose was to serve men, and the
courage that ladies like Paul and Burns mustered in order to pave the way of recognition of women's
rights and suffrage. On the same vein, this paper will ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is likewise adopted by the Philippines in the 1987 Constitution (CONST. art. V), Art. 5). A
right which has been oftentimes taken for granted. Undervalued, because voters particularly Filipino
voters do not exercise this right in such a way that would promote its purpose. We even put a price
to it by allowing political aspirants to pay for our votes. Rampant vote– buying is not the only
problem that we have, but we are also threatened by the inability of voters to intelligently select
candidates to fill in vacancies. A large number of registered voters, even refuse to exercise such right
believing that their vote would not matter especially in this country which is ruled by few. "Voice is
for those who have votes" is one particular statement that incites a thousand words. It connotes a lot
of things. This means that only those who can vote can take an active part in the administration of
the Government. Rights such as the ability to propose amendments to the Constitution, passage of
laws, ordinances, and running for elective office is only afforded to those who can vote. Like
depicted in the movie, the Philippine women were also deprived of the right to vote until in a
plebiscite on April 30, 1937 which amended the 1935 Constitution extending suffrage to women
(Women's suffrage in the

Does Cedaw Make World Better Place For Women? Essay
Does CEDAW make world better place for Women?
Submitted by Ashalika Pandey Research Scholar (Law) University of Allahabad
ashalikapandey@gmail.com Contact no.: 09415662408
Table of Contents
Abstract ...............................................................
Chapter 1: Introduction .......................................................
Chapter 2: Convention on the Elimination of All forms of Discrimination Against Women: An Brief
Overview ..................
2.1 The CEDAW Framework
2.2 Fundamental Premises of the Women's Convention 2.3 Need of Women Convention &
Importance of CEDAW
Chapter 3: Applying Feminist Theory to CEDAW
3.1 Liberal Feminism 3.2 Cultural Feminism 3.3 Radical Feminism
Chapter 4: CEDAW and India ................................. 4.1 CEDAW and Indian Judiciary 4.2 CEDAW
and Indian Legislature 4.3 CEDAW and Indian Government
Chapter 4: CEDAW and some success stories at the Global level
Chapter 5 : Problem with the CEDAW ( subject of concern)
Chapter 6: Conclusion and a way forward
Bibliography ...........................................
Abstract
Equality among human race is one of the most desired struggles of the human civilization which
comes into various forms and tools to reduce the discriminations. This paper is an attempt to
evaluate CEDAW (Convention on Elimination of All form of

Violence Against Women-an Issue of Human Rights
PAPER ON
VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN–AN ISSUE OF HUMAN RIGHTS
By
Ms Shabana Kesar
Asst. Professor
Department of Women Education
Maulana Azad National Urdu University
Mailing address : Department of women education, MANUU,
Gachchibowli, Hyderabad, 500032.
E–mail ID: – sabasuri@gmail.com
Paper– Violence against women[VAW]–An issue of Human Rights
Synopsis:–
 Introduction
 issue of human rights
 VAW a health & social issue
 Dimensions & causes of violence
 VAW a global & Indian scenario
 Failure to safeguard women's human rights
 Best practices & strategies to be adopted to combat VAW
 Conclusion
Introduction:– Violence affects the lives of millions of women worldwide in all socio–economic &
educational classes. It cuts across ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Physical, sexual & psychological violence perpetrated or condoned by the state, wherever it occurs
Gender–based violence both reflects & reinforces inequities between men & women & comprises
the health, dignity, security & autonomy of its victims. It encompasses a wide range of human rights
violations, including sexual abuse of children, rape, domestic violence, sexual assault & harassment,
trafficking of women & girls & several harmful traditional practices. Any one of these abuses can
leave deep psychological scars, damage the health of women & girls in general, including their
reproductive & sexual health, & in some instances, result in death.
We know that VAW is an atrocious human rights violation, a public health epidemic & a barrier to
solving global challenges such as extreme poverty, HIV/AIDS & conflict. It devastates the lives of

millions of women & girls & knows no national or cultural barriers. It is a mass phenomenon taking
many different forms with disastrous consequences for women's & girls health & survival. The
social & economic costs resulting from this abuse place a substantial burden on society as
significantly hampering development. Therefore preventing VAW & girls is also a key contribution
to achieving most of the UN millennium development goals & to reduce poverty.
VAW is a yardstick by which one can measure the

Ways to Prevent Genocide
GENOCIDE PREVENTION Genocide Prevention The term "genocide" was developed during the
Holocaust and announced an international crime during the 1948 United Nations Convention that
focused on Prevention and Punishment of genocide as a crime. Genocide is, therefore, defined as
deeds committed with the aim of destroying, in whole or partially, anethnical, national, religious or
racial group.Such acts include, killing followers of the group, causing serious physical or mental
harm to followers of the group, intentionallyimposing on the group conditions of living aimed at
bringing about its physical loss, imposing measures envisioned to prevent new births within the
group, or compulsorily transferring children of the society to a different group. The "intent to
destroy" certain groups is unique to the characterisation of genocide. Closely related categories of
international law "crimes touching humanity" aredescribed as adverse or calculated attacks against
citizens.This timeline marks the growth of the term "genocide" and its systematization into
international law. Genocide is an ancient old crime.Genocides in prehistory were often organised not
just to eliminate enemy ethnicities, but to integrate and exploit their representatives. It was children
and women who were spared the killings. They were seen as the group least able to retaliate, and as
parents of offspring for the central group.By contrast, males were often killed. The roots of gender–
cideagainst men and boys are

Violence Against Women 's Violence
Violence Against Women by Ines Alvarez
Mrs. Madrell English 4, Honors, Period 6 Miami Coral Park Senior High School March 18,2016
Mrs. Madrell
English 4, Honors, Period 6
Miami Coral Park Senior High School
March 18,2016
Violence Against Women Women have been and continue to be victims of violence in all of its
faces. The purpose of this research is to explore the many ways in which women are abused and
mistreated, focusing on the effects that violence causes to the victims as well as to those who haven't
experienced violence, but feel somewhat driven to help in this issue.
I. Types of violence against women
A. Sexual abuse
1. Rape
2. Sexual harassment
B. Verbal Violence
C. Domestic Violence
II. Health effects of violence on the victims
A. Physical effects
B. Psychological effects
1. Mental illness
2. Effects in victims family
III. Impact of domestic violence in society
A. Activism
B. Related Organizations
Mrs. Madrell
English 4, Honors, Period 6
Miami Coral Park Senior High School
March 18,2016
Violence Against Women Throughout history, women have been victims of abuse worldwide,
whether it is sexual, physical or even emotional abuse. This ongoing issue has become a natural
state for women, because even when they haven't been abused, so many women around them have
experienced some sort of violence that it is natural for women to wait for their turn, always hoping it
won't happen to them but knowing that it is possible to go through it at any

Trafficking In Rwanda Research Paper
Becoming a member state of the United Nations in 1962, Rwanda is one of Africa's fast growing
economies. It have signed many treaties, including:
The international covenant on economic, social, cultural, civil and political rights, The convention
on the elimination of discrimination against women, and The convention for the suppression of the
traffic in persons and of the exploitation of the prostitution of others.
Rwanda is still recovering today, from the genocide in 1994, where some estimated 900,000 people
were slaughtered by ethnic Hutu extremists, in just 100 days, which happened just after President
Habyarimana's plane was shot after he signed a peace treaty with the Rwandan Patriotic Front
(RPF). Today, Rwanda is still dealing with rebels and other countries, orphans (who were capable of
surviving, because of their age or because of their luck) and poverty.
Rwanda understands the modern slavery issue, as this has been a big issue in the past and the ...
During the reporting period, the government enacted a new labor code prohibiting forced labor and
the enslavement of children; advanced penal code revisions containing anti–trafficking provisions
through the legislative process; opened a care center for victims of gender–based violence, including
trafficking victims; and launched a public awareness campaign on the commercial sexual
exploitation of children. Rwanda remains the only African country in which the government is
undertaking virtually all activities related to the demobilization and reintegration of former child
soldiers. Additional training is greatly needed to increase officials' awareness of the nature of human
trafficking and to provide practical skills for responding to it. Human trafficking for sexual
exploitation and prescribes punishments of 15 to 20 years of

Female Genital Mutilation Research Paper
Female Genital Mutilation is a very large issue in many countries around the world. Female Genital
Mutilation (FGM) "refers to all procedures including partial or total removal of the external female
genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs for non–medical reasons" (WHO, 1). There are
four types of FGM, but type I and II are the most common for women and children to partake in.
There are about 100–140 million girls and women who are subjected to this harmful practice around
the world" (WHO, 1). This practice has been a part of the cultural norms of many societies since the
pre–colonial time and is still a major issue for the countries that participate in this harmful practice.
Genital Mutilation is most prevalent on the continent ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
FGM is a global issue with slow decline of the prevalence, but as these organizations work together,
they can great an even greater awareness to the issue. The strengths that the NCTPE had was all of
the outreach activities that they proved to create awareness and education to women and men about
this global issue. Another strength is their philosophies for FGM. They want to help the women and
children who suffer from FGM and help them have a healthy lifestyle and body. Not only is their
philosophy very positive and influential, but so is there logo. The logo symbolizes a piece of the
process for FGM, a piece of the effects of FGM and the what should be done to help prevent these
women and children from genital mutilation. One downfall to the NCTPE and many other
organizations is the fact that no matter how well developed their philosophies are there will continue
to be a very slow decline in the prevalence and the complete elimination of FGM will take a very
long time to achieve. I think that this can be related back to the book in a way that gender equality,
no matter the topic has taken a very long time to achieve. Whether this be in equal pay, voting rights
or sexual violence and assault, this issues have and will continue to slowly get better. All of these
issues are global and can really have an impact on women, organizations and governmental policies
will only slowly begin to change. All of these organizations that are based for the equal rights of
women work hard every day so that women can soon have the same rights as men. I think that
NCTPE is working to allow these women and young children to have control over their body and
not feel culturally obligated to do something that harms their

Similarities Between Human Trafficking And Violence...
Defining the Problem
Overview
According to, Violence against women:global scope and magnitude, "the United Nations Office on
Drugs and Crime defines human trafficking as the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring
or recipt of persons, by menas of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abuction, of
fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or
recievne of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another
person, for the purpose of exploitation: including the exploitation of the prostitution of others or
other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labour or services, slavery or practices similar to slavery,
servitude or the removal ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
S.47 provides up to date training for law enforcement officials to combat violence against women,
improves government services and healthcare programs providing counseling and services for
victims of domestic abuse, dating violence, sexual assault, and stalking, as well as promte and
provide adequate justice and protecting for young victims (S.47,2013). This bill will also provide
protection for battered immigrants and provide economic security for victims of violence

Female Genitalia Mutilation ( Fgm )
Female Genitalia mutilation (FGM) includes the cutting to female genital organs for non–medical
reasons. The procedure is common in some African and Middle Eastern countries that practice FGM
usually as a cultural custom. Commonly, the procedure is performed on girls as a rite of passage and
a way to keep a woman faithful to her husband. Women are seen as unclean if they have not
undergone the surgery, and therefore it can be difficult for them to find a husband . According to the
World Health Organization, Africa has the greatest number of FGM cases where between around
125 million have undergone the painful surgery (see appendix A) . The surgery is extremely painful
especially when considering the absence of anesthesia . In addition, the procedure is often done with
unsanitary tools and can have horrible health effects on the women including blood loss, infections
and pregnancy problems. FGM violates several rights listed in the Universal Declaration of Human
Rights including "no one has the right to hurt or torture you", "right to be free from gender
discrimination", and the "right to life and physical integrity" .
Considering the violation of rights occurring in countries practicing FGM, the debate remains to
what extent the United Nations should get involved in a cultural issue that is an integral aspect of
many societies. Therefore, is it possible to agree on a definition of human rights given the diversity
of values by people around the world? Involvement in another

Gender Inequality And Gender Equality
Gender inequality Women are one–half of the world population they deserve equal opportunity as
men because at the end gender equality is part of humanity progress. Many women around the world
are treated less favoured than men not only in countries that have traditional gender role but even in
societies that believe in equal right for both male and female. Gender inequality means unequal
treatment or perceptions of individuals based on their gender. It results from differences in socially
constructed gender roles. Inequality is an issue that has a negative effect on both the individual and
society. This essay will outline some of the issues that women face in different societies devoted and
devolving like inequality in education, work and violence and it will also highlight some of women
rights that able the women to have more power (world Economic Forum, 2014).
The last global gender gap report in 2014 that studied the gender gap , reported that 30 percent of
142 countries that was monitored is this report are losing the gains they have made on education
(world Economic Forum, 2014). Opportunities for education are often denied for women and girls in
the devolving countries. Low exist to education limits prospects, decreases family income reduces
health, puts women and girls at risk of trafficking and exploitation, and limits the economic
advancement of the entire countries. The education of all global monitoring report 2014 studied
gender inequality in education

Violence Against Women During The United States
Violence Against Women
The topic this policy analysis assignment will focus on is violence against women in the United
States. Seven in ten women experience some form of violence in their lifetime (Unite, n.d.). To
curtail violence against women, the Violence Against Women Act of 1994 created the first U.S.
federal legislation acknowledging domestic violence and sexual assault as crimes, and provided
federal resources to encourage community–coordinated responses to combat violence (nnedv.org,
n.d.). A question to be pursued for this project is how much has violence against women improved
over the last decade? According to CBS News in 2013, "Rates (of rapes and sexual assaults)
declined from a peak of 5 per 1,000 women in 1995 to 1.8 per ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The importance of this issue to the development of social welfare policy is that personal safety falls
under the umbrella of social welfare. Female citizens have a right to feel safe and protected, and the
violence being committed against women is negating this right for women. Thankfully, the VAWA
has recognized the past failure of society to provide protection for women, and so it has been
enacted to improve these conditions.
In the policy analysis assignment, the Violence Against Women Act will be analyzed and its history
will be discussed, as well as the details of what it entails, the unintended consequences, how
effective it is, and what changes could be made to it. The analysis will be completed by gathering
information from the Internet, specifically scholarly resources and U.S. government documents. The
Handbook of Social Policy will also be a main source of information, as well as any other books that
address the issue of violence against women. There will only be one person conducting this analysis
and the imagined role of that person will be citizens' advocate.
Discussing the nature of the issue, violence against women includes females of all ages, race, and
socioeconomic status, who are being violated through acts of physical and sexual violence, as well
as psychological abuse. It is not just

Domestic Violence Against Women 's Nigeria
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1 SELECTED CASES OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN IN NIGERIA
Cases of domestic violence against women have been on the increase in Nigeria. Women are being
abused on a daily basis whether by battering, acid bath, rape, widowhood practices, genital
mutilation, among others. A 27–year–old woman, Folashade Shodiya, said she was forced to stab
her husband to death because the latter habitually abused her at home.PUNCH Metro had reported
on November 19, 2014, that the police arrested Shodiya, for allegedly stabbing her husband to
death. Shodiya explained that when the beatings she suffered from her husband reached a level, she
thought of taking her life and ate a poison. She added that she, however, did not die because some
neighbours came to her rescue. This attempted suicide is as a result of the belief that there was no
escape route from the violent relationship with man who was the father of her child. "...he had a
habit of beating me over trivial issues. Sometimes, he would send me out of the house, and I would
pack to my father's place in Abeokuta. Two or three days later, he would show up and started
begging them to release me. Around November 2014, he started a fresh round of beating..."
Shodiya's husband exhibited the cycle of violence directly on his wife by abusing his wife based on
already built tension and then begging for her to come back to him after she left only for him to start
beating her again after a period when she probably hoped that he would

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