It does not seem strange, well, that's about to keep talking for a long time, sometimes with great emphasis to emphasize the decisive importance for the future of the country, but has failed to any concrete results: quite simply, it's about warning because the recruitment and promotion of the most capable introduce an intolerable element of unpredictability in the system and it is an attack on the right of co-optation. Well, that system - recalling Paolo Mancini in "In Praise of the subdivision" - which is like a twin sister, but much more palatable, the proverbial "sora camilla" nobody wants, but if everyone seize, still in the dark and silence, with the exception that denounce the subdivision of others, looking good from admitting that if they purloin some even their place of power but would not have been parcelling exercise of pluralism.
Bortoletti, what is corruption?, commissione europea, ipa zagabria 21 23 no...Maurizio Bortoletti
The fight against corruption and other offenses against the public administration must be based on accurate and objective data to give citizens a realistic representation of the situation and not ultra sized, taking into account that it is evoking themes and sensational easily usable by this or that political party
Il contrasto al fenomeno della corruzione e agli altri illeciti contro la pubblica amministrazione deve fondarsi su informazioni precise e su dati oggettivi per dare ai cittadini una rappresentazione realistica della situazione e non ultra dimensionata, tenuto conto che si tratta di tematiche evocanti ed eclatanti facilmente utilizzabili da questa o quella parte politica.
Bortoletti, causes and consequences of corruption, commissione europea, ipa z...Maurizio Bortoletti
Until now, in fact, in terms of the fight against corruption, some interventions designed to impact on this general feeling of distrust proved futile, as well as damaging and worst evil that you wanted to care: Just think about that river in full of circulars, directives, rules of standardization, procedures, protocols, and detailed instructions, they would have to express the goodness with geometric precision of the services offered to users. The only result achieved was, in fact, diametrically opposed to that pursued: rather than get the reassurance of the city was severely impaired the activity of insiders, drowned, at least half of their working day, in the bureaucracy, paradoxically have ended up strengthening the responsibility more towards the auditors in respect of users. A phenomenon that has come to fuel the growth of a number of concretions bureaucratic overlap and duplication of skills that generate irresponsibility and eventually impunity.
My engagement at the Second International Conference 2020 on “The Integrity, Transparency and Accountability Policies… Theory and Practice” via zoom platform, of the Palestinian Anti-Corruption Commission was conducted on December 9, 2020.
The following presentation is an integral part of this speech:
https://www.slideshare.net/MohammedMasoudCPACFE/the-ten-principles-of-fighting-corruption-institutionalizing-integrity-transparency-and-accountability
Bortoletti, what is corruption?, commissione europea, ipa zagabria 21 23 no...Maurizio Bortoletti
The fight against corruption and other offenses against the public administration must be based on accurate and objective data to give citizens a realistic representation of the situation and not ultra sized, taking into account that it is evoking themes and sensational easily usable by this or that political party
Il contrasto al fenomeno della corruzione e agli altri illeciti contro la pubblica amministrazione deve fondarsi su informazioni precise e su dati oggettivi per dare ai cittadini una rappresentazione realistica della situazione e non ultra dimensionata, tenuto conto che si tratta di tematiche evocanti ed eclatanti facilmente utilizzabili da questa o quella parte politica.
Bortoletti, causes and consequences of corruption, commissione europea, ipa z...Maurizio Bortoletti
Until now, in fact, in terms of the fight against corruption, some interventions designed to impact on this general feeling of distrust proved futile, as well as damaging and worst evil that you wanted to care: Just think about that river in full of circulars, directives, rules of standardization, procedures, protocols, and detailed instructions, they would have to express the goodness with geometric precision of the services offered to users. The only result achieved was, in fact, diametrically opposed to that pursued: rather than get the reassurance of the city was severely impaired the activity of insiders, drowned, at least half of their working day, in the bureaucracy, paradoxically have ended up strengthening the responsibility more towards the auditors in respect of users. A phenomenon that has come to fuel the growth of a number of concretions bureaucratic overlap and duplication of skills that generate irresponsibility and eventually impunity.
My engagement at the Second International Conference 2020 on “The Integrity, Transparency and Accountability Policies… Theory and Practice” via zoom platform, of the Palestinian Anti-Corruption Commission was conducted on December 9, 2020.
The following presentation is an integral part of this speech:
https://www.slideshare.net/MohammedMasoudCPACFE/the-ten-principles-of-fighting-corruption-institutionalizing-integrity-transparency-and-accountability
This paper sets out the current legal regime in place to combat corruption and fraud and explains how international arbitration tribunals handle such allegations.
Dr haluk f gursel, keeping tax supported officials around the globe accountableHaluk Ferden Gursel
Private Citizens, eager for accountability, are asking for a transparency in the changes in income and assets/fortunes of politicians and high level civil servants, accumulated while they are at the service of community.
Public opinion does not tolerate the illicit enrichment and conflict of interest, while on duty. For example, to obtain assurances of lack of fraud and corruption by politically exposed persons (PEP) is on the rise everywhere. A PEP is defined as someone who, through their prominent position or influence, is more susceptible to being involved in bribery or corruption. In addition, any close business associate or family member of such a person will also be deemed as being a risk, and therefore could also be added to the PEP list.
Identifying Why Developing Nations Choose to DemocratizeBrent A. Hamilton
Our society has become increasingly globalized and as a result democratic. With that evaluation one would expect that a connected international community would create an environment optimized for development, growth, and success. A large majority of states, around the world, are democratic but not all are successful and some may even potentially fail. The interest of my analysis is not as to why fragile democracies may fail or why some democracies are more developed than others but rather to analyze the conditions under which a country may democratize to begin with. If we can understand the circumstances at which a nation will become democratic, we may better understand the reason why they may fail or succeed.
[Spacek moderated Concurrent Panel on “Succession Building” at 2015 Conference]
Powerpoint discusses Past and Present-day American Public Servant Corruption; Public Servant Convictions in the 12-State Northeastern US (NeCoPA) Area; Definitions and Notions, of Public Servant Corruption; Measuring Public Servant Corruption "Culture" in the Northeast USA: a "Reality Check."
THINKING ON HOW TO KILL THE KILLER BEFORE HE KILLS US ALL WHO IS THE KILLER? ...PROF. PAUL ALLIEU KAMARA
INTRODUCTION
Who is or what is the true Killer of African People? This question has being playing on my mind for years’ and years to months and months to weeks and to days. Well today is the day I attempted to search for answers and to know the true killer of my African People. This article will attempts to suggest some of the killers or what killers African People. This article is not the final answers to the entire Problem. However, I intended to limit the discussions on Political Corruption as one of the main factors that kills everything in the hands of African. So let look at some definitions and characteristics of Political Corruption and its effect in our social-economic development of Africa.
For the purpose of this article I will define corruption and the type of corruption we have
PART 1. Corruption: Its Meaning, Type, and Real-World Example
Introduction Corruption has recently been the subject of substantial theorizing and empirical research, and this has produced a bewildering array of alternative approaches, explanations, typologies and remedies. Corruption is understood as everything from the paying of bribes to civil servants and the simple theft of public purses, to a wide range of dubious economic and political practices in which businesspeople, politicians and bureaucrats enrich themselves. The issue of corruption is an old one, that has re-entered the current political and economic debate from the new interest in the role of the state in the developing world, and from the assumption that the state is an indispensable instrument for economic development, redistribution and welfare. In contrast to the largely rejected “state-dominated” and “state-less” development models, there is now much consensus on the need for an efficient medium-sized state apparatus with a political will and adequate economic policies to ensure economic development. Corruption is seen as counter-productive to the needed economic and political reforms, accountability, transparency, and good governance. The intention of this paper is to classify the various forms of corruption in order to operationalize the concept for analytical and practical purposes. First, different forms of corruption will be outlined. Secondly, corruption will be defined as a particular state-society relationship, and the distinction made between political corruption and bureaucratic corruption. Then two more distinctions will be added, namely between “individual” and “collective” forms of corruption, and corruption as a mechanism of either “upward extraction” or “downward redistribution”. This will sum up to the basic argument that the fight against corruption will have to be placed within a broader agenda of democratization.
This paper sets out the current legal regime in place to combat corruption and fraud and explains how international arbitration tribunals handle such allegations.
Dr haluk f gursel, keeping tax supported officials around the globe accountableHaluk Ferden Gursel
Private Citizens, eager for accountability, are asking for a transparency in the changes in income and assets/fortunes of politicians and high level civil servants, accumulated while they are at the service of community.
Public opinion does not tolerate the illicit enrichment and conflict of interest, while on duty. For example, to obtain assurances of lack of fraud and corruption by politically exposed persons (PEP) is on the rise everywhere. A PEP is defined as someone who, through their prominent position or influence, is more susceptible to being involved in bribery or corruption. In addition, any close business associate or family member of such a person will also be deemed as being a risk, and therefore could also be added to the PEP list.
Identifying Why Developing Nations Choose to DemocratizeBrent A. Hamilton
Our society has become increasingly globalized and as a result democratic. With that evaluation one would expect that a connected international community would create an environment optimized for development, growth, and success. A large majority of states, around the world, are democratic but not all are successful and some may even potentially fail. The interest of my analysis is not as to why fragile democracies may fail or why some democracies are more developed than others but rather to analyze the conditions under which a country may democratize to begin with. If we can understand the circumstances at which a nation will become democratic, we may better understand the reason why they may fail or succeed.
[Spacek moderated Concurrent Panel on “Succession Building” at 2015 Conference]
Powerpoint discusses Past and Present-day American Public Servant Corruption; Public Servant Convictions in the 12-State Northeastern US (NeCoPA) Area; Definitions and Notions, of Public Servant Corruption; Measuring Public Servant Corruption "Culture" in the Northeast USA: a "Reality Check."
THINKING ON HOW TO KILL THE KILLER BEFORE HE KILLS US ALL WHO IS THE KILLER? ...PROF. PAUL ALLIEU KAMARA
INTRODUCTION
Who is or what is the true Killer of African People? This question has being playing on my mind for years’ and years to months and months to weeks and to days. Well today is the day I attempted to search for answers and to know the true killer of my African People. This article will attempts to suggest some of the killers or what killers African People. This article is not the final answers to the entire Problem. However, I intended to limit the discussions on Political Corruption as one of the main factors that kills everything in the hands of African. So let look at some definitions and characteristics of Political Corruption and its effect in our social-economic development of Africa.
For the purpose of this article I will define corruption and the type of corruption we have
PART 1. Corruption: Its Meaning, Type, and Real-World Example
Introduction Corruption has recently been the subject of substantial theorizing and empirical research, and this has produced a bewildering array of alternative approaches, explanations, typologies and remedies. Corruption is understood as everything from the paying of bribes to civil servants and the simple theft of public purses, to a wide range of dubious economic and political practices in which businesspeople, politicians and bureaucrats enrich themselves. The issue of corruption is an old one, that has re-entered the current political and economic debate from the new interest in the role of the state in the developing world, and from the assumption that the state is an indispensable instrument for economic development, redistribution and welfare. In contrast to the largely rejected “state-dominated” and “state-less” development models, there is now much consensus on the need for an efficient medium-sized state apparatus with a political will and adequate economic policies to ensure economic development. Corruption is seen as counter-productive to the needed economic and political reforms, accountability, transparency, and good governance. The intention of this paper is to classify the various forms of corruption in order to operationalize the concept for analytical and practical purposes. First, different forms of corruption will be outlined. Secondly, corruption will be defined as a particular state-society relationship, and the distinction made between political corruption and bureaucratic corruption. Then two more distinctions will be added, namely between “individual” and “collective” forms of corruption, and corruption as a mechanism of either “upward extraction” or “downward redistribution”. This will sum up to the basic argument that the fight against corruption will have to be placed within a broader agenda of democratization.
FIVE TENDENCIES OF TODAY’S CORRUPTION AND ANTICORRUPTION POLICIES
Luís de Sousa, Chairman TIAC (TI-Portugal) and Assistant Professor of Political Science at the University of Aveiro (lmsousa@ua.pt)
Work in progress, please do not cite without author's permission
Public and Nonprofit Management Curbing Corruption, Enh.docxwoodruffeloisa
Public and Nonprofit Management: Curbing Corruption, Enhancing Efficiency
1
1
A Chain Is As Strong As It’s Weakest Link
Behind The Mask Of Our Governance
Public and nonprofit management is the development or application of methodical and systematic techniques that are designed
to analyze and make the operations of governments and public-service nonprofit organizations more efficient and effective.
The majority of public management’s key methods was initially established, in large part and occasionally in whole part, as
a reaction to corrupt governance, and each still is used to curb it.
Corruption’s causes are structural, cultural, and, of course, personal.
Corruption’s Causes
Governmental Structure and Graft
A large number of administrative units in a country lowers corruption. Illegal, tax-evading, “shadow economy is smaller in federal countries than in unitary states, although an increase in the income tax rate will unambiguously increase the taxpayer’s level of evasion.
Fiscal decentralization, a corollary of federal systems, also appears to reduce corruption in countries, even in those that are highly politicized.5
Culture and Corruption
National cultures that are poor and rural, and which have centralized governments, politically disengaged citizenries, a repressed press, citizens who are distrusting of each other, greater regulatory activity, and poorly paid public officials associate with high rates of corruption.
Note: An agency’s culture also can encourage graft when: there is no “clear integrity policy”; colleagues are loyal to one another; and supervision is too lax or too oppressive.
The Corrupt Public Official
Money is the leading reason why public officials become corrupt followed closely by love, friendship, and status.
Corrupt officials often have domineering personalities, are popular, and are viewed as effective, characteristics that give them “space to maneuver.”
In fact, large physical spaces, such as disproportionately big desks, can cause the people occupying them to feel “more powerful,” which, in turn, leads to “increases in dishonest behavior.”
They slowly “‘slide down’ toward corruption” and maintain “a long, institutionalized relationship” with their corruptors.
Corrupt officials rarely think of themselves as corrupt,
even though they commit multiple corrupt acts.
Lord Acton’s famous phrase, uttered in 1887, that, “Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely,” is not really accurate.
Gaining power merely reveals its owner’s already-existing character, for good or ill.
Note: Moral power holders do not misuse their power, but less moral ones do.
Why Does Corruption Endure?
The continuance of those governmental and cultural conditions that produce corruption also ensure its persistence.
It appears that the more centralized the government, the more “fused” that political power is within it,
and the less access that the press has to the government,
Democracies are la ...
Corruption is an ancient problem that has always been with us. It has had variegated incidence in different times at different places, with varying degrees of damaging consequences. In common usage corruption is used to mean different things in different context. Sometimes people invoke legality and almost interchangeably use the word corrupt and illicit in describing a transaction. But clearly not all illegal transaction are corrupt nor all instances of corruption or bribery are illegal. Similarly one should keep a distinction between immoral and corrupt transactions. Having different meanings of corruption, this paper mostly confine to the use of public office for private gain or the agency problem.
In general, corruption is a form of dishonesty or criminal activity undertaken by a person or organization entrusted with a position of authority, often to acquire illicit benefit. Corruption may include many activities including bribery and embezzlement, though it may also involve practices that are legal in many countries. Political corruption occurs when an office-holder or other governmental employee acts in an official capacity for personal gain. Corruption is most commonplace in kleptocracies, oligarchies, narco-states and mafia states
The algerian economy governed by black corruption an empirical study from 200...sissanim
Abstract
The main objective of this paper is to highlight the concept of corruption and analyses our cumulative knowledge about corruption’s effects on the economic growth in Algeria during the period 2002–2015. This article emphasizes the major source of corruption and how the quality of institutions and government policies could mitigate the risk of corruption or increase it. The findings also show the great role of free media in most developing countries which created a new tendency to talk about the effects of corruption especially in recent years. Using a multiple regression model, we find that a 1% decrease in the corruption index CPI level increases the GDP growth rate by approximately 2,005%. The analysis also revealed that there is a negative relationship between the country rank and the economic growth. Finally, the results suggest that more economic freedom, social and political stability lead to less corruption.
The algerian economy governed by black corruption an empirical study from 200...sissanim
Abstract
The main objective of this paper is to highlight the concept of corruption and analyses our cumulative knowledge about corruption’s effects on the economic growth in Algeria during the period 2002–2015. This article emphasizes the major source of corruption and how the quality of institutions and government policies could mitigate the risk of corruption or increase it. The findings also show the great role of free media in most developing countries which created a new tendency to talk about the effects of corruption especially in recent years. Using a multiple regression model, we find that a 1% decrease in the corruption index CPI level increases the GDP growth rate by approximately 2,005%. The analysis also revealed that there is a negative relationship between the country rank and the economic growth. Finally, the results suggest that more economic freedom, social and political stability lead to less corruption.
il baratro nel quale continua a precipitare la Calabria, sottoposta ad un commissariamento “modello ergastolo”, fine pena mai: la valutazione sintetica LEA di 125 è poco più della metà del 222 conseguito dalle due Regioni migliori (Veneto e Toscana). Un risultato negativo confermato anche dai dati, sperimentali, del nuovo sistema NSG: la regione è ultima per l’”area ospedaliera” ed è l’unica con i risultati “rossi” in tutte le tre aree monitorate.
Quasi a rendere, quindi, naturale ritornare a Totò e alla domanda posta al vigile milanese: "noi vorremmo sapere, per andare dove dobbiamo andare, per dove dobbiamo andare?". In realtà, i calabresi che subiscono questa situazione sanno bene dove andare: 53.866 sono andati a farsi curare altrove nel corso del 2019, con una spesa di 222 milioni di euro. Altre perdite a bilancio, che pagheremo tutti, o altri servizi sottratti ai calabresi, come si legge nell’affresco impietoso sulla “non sanità” calabrese tratteggiato dai giudici costituzionali in una recente sentenza, già presentata su questo giornale.
Contesti disfunzionali e contesti criminali, bortoletti , master anticorruzio...Maurizio Bortoletti
Presidente della Repubblica Sergio Mattarella : “A ventisette anni dalle stragi di Capaci e di via D’Amelio, legate dalla medesima, orrenda strategia criminale, la Repubblica si inchina nel ricordo delle vittime e si stringe ai familiari. Vanno ringraziati quanti da una ferita così profonda hanno tratto ragione di un maggior impegno civico per combattere la mafia, le sue connivenze, ma anche la rassegnazione e l’indifferenza che le sono complici. I nomi di Giovanni Falcone, Paolo Borsellino, Francesca Morvillo, Rocco Dicillo, Antonio Montinaro, Vito Schifani, Agostino Catalano, Walter Eddie Cosina, Vincenzo Li Muli, Emanuela Loi, Claudio Traina sono indimenticabili. Nella loro disumanità gli assassini li hanno colpiti anche come simboli – a loro avversi – delle istituzioni democratiche e della legalità. Il loro sacrificio è divenuto motore di una riscossa di civiltà, che ha dato forza allo Stato nell’azione di contrasto e ha reso ancor più esigente il dovere dei cittadini e delle comunità di fare la propria parte per prosciugare i bacini in cui vivono le mafie”. “Questa riscossa ha già prodotto risultati importanti. Ma deve proseguire. Fino alla sconfitta definitiva della mafia, che Falcone e Borsellino hanno cominciato a battere con il loro lavoro coraggioso, con innovativi metodi di indagine, con l’azione nei processi, con il dialogo nella società, nelle scuole, soprattutto con una speciale attenzione all’educazione dei giovani”
Ipertrofia normativa e burocrazia difensiva, Bortoletti, master anticorruzion...Maurizio Bortoletti
“SULLA BASE DEL PASSATO IL PRESENTE PRUDENTEMENTE AGISCE PER NON GUASTARE L’AZIONE FUTURA”.
TIZIANO, Allegoria della Prudenza, 1565-1570, colore ad olio, National Gallery, Londra.
Inefficienza e corruzione, bortoletti, master anticorruzione, roma tor vergat...Maurizio Bortoletti
“Le amministrazioni pubbliche sono una delle cose più imperfette che esistano per la loro essenziale
contraddizione: sono spaventosi di potenza e insieme inermi, sopraffanno ma si lasciano puerilmente gabbare,
hanno ricchezze immense e vivono lesinando, sono concepite secondo ordine e vivono in disordine.
In questo c’è il dramma dello Stato contemporaneo.
Ma con ciò siamo giunti ai confini della nostra disciplina che dobbiamo rispettare”
Prof. Massimo Severo Giannini, Diritto Amministrativo, 1970.
Bortoletti, infiltrazione nel mercato dei subappalti, TRIA, Economia della co...Maurizio Bortoletti
Fiducia.
Perchè come ricordava il compianto Franz-Hermann Bruener, già Direttore generale dell’Ufficio anti-frode europeo (O.L.A.F), l’Italia “... dispone degli arsenali di protezione penale e investigativa tra i più avanzati a livello europeo ...”, con “... strumenti di indagine utilizzati tra i più avanzati al mondo ... strumenti raramente utilizzati nella maggior parte degli altri Paesi per tali tipi di illeciti ...” e con le Forze di Polizia e la Magistratura, per questo, “... spesso invidiati dai colleghi di altri Paesi...”.
AO CAGLIARI, Bortoletti, 23 novembre 2017, la prevenzione della corruzione i...Maurizio Bortoletti
“Le amministrazioni pubbliche sono una delle cose più imperfette che esistano per la loro essenziale contraddizione: sono spaventosi di potenza e insieme inermi, sopraffanno ma si lasciano puerilmente gabbare, hanno ricchezze immense e vivono lesinando, sono concepite secondo ordine e vivono in disordine.
In questo c’è il dramma dello Stato contemporaneo.
Ma con ciò siamo giunti ai confini della nostra disciplina che dobbiamo rispettare”
Prof. Massimo Severo Giannini, Diritto Amministrativo, 1970.
Osce, sna, bortoletti, tirana, 31 oct 2017, corruptive practices in public pr...Maurizio Bortoletti
PER EVITARE CHE LO STATO DEI DRITTI PREVALGA SULLO STATO DI DIRITTO. Poche cose semplici, di "Economia domestica" nella gestione della "cosa pubblica", per fare quello di cui tutti parlano da anni, la spending review.
Basterebbe fare ciò che ognuno fa a casa propria, con semplice normalità.
BORTOLETTI, La corrosione del sistema, prima della corruzione del sistema, Ma...Maurizio Bortoletti
PARADOSSO DISFUNZIONALE: LA “MENOCRAZIA”
Una azienda privata che “non funziona”, quale che sia la ragione, esce o viene espulsa dal mercato, a meno di un “mantenimento in vita” più o meno artificioso o artificiale.
Sono diverse le modalità con cui avviene questa uscita, i tempi, ma l’esito è scontato.
A seconda delle dimensioni, del business, del momento di mercato, …e di una infinità di altri parametri, tale esito può diventare una opportunità per i concorrenti che non “pagano un prezzo” se non quando hanno “convissuto” – per i più svariati motivi, spesso in modo inconsapevole nei momenti iniziali - con sistemi artificiali e artificiosi di “mantenimento in vita”.
Nel “mondo pubblico” – in modo PARADOSSALE – accade l’esatto contrario.
Preso atto che la strada di chi voleva cambiare la Pubblica Amministrazione è lastricata dalle croci di chi ci ha provato, quando un ufficio, una struttura, un ente, …. , pubblici non funzionano RESTANO LI’, continuando a “bruciare” risorse pubbliche in modo inefficiente.
MA, seppur si tratti di una situazione grave, NON C’E’ SOLO QUESTO.
Il cittadino si trova davanti a 3 alternative , che si possono cos sintetizzare:
⇨ nei mercati ove possibile, se ne ha la possibilità economica, rivolgersi al privato;
⇨ rivolgersi ad un’altra struttura pubblica che fornisca servizi analoghi;
⇨ non avendo exit praticabili, rinunciare, convivere, o dare fiato alla “voice”.
Il cittadino costretto ad abbandonare “il pubblico” produce due conseguenze:
⇨ LA PRIMA : la struttura pubblica che lavora male, FINIRÀ PER LAVORARE SEMPRE MENO perché viene evitata, diventerà un oasi felice dove si deve solo attendere sera senza nulla fare, potrà diventare l’occasione per interessarsi di altro che nulla ha a che fare con i propri compiti pubblici, …, IN SINTESI: si incentiva e si alimenta la MENOCRAZIA.
BORTOLETTI, Infiltrazione nel mercato dei subappalti, TRIA, Economia della co...Maurizio Bortoletti
La risposta ha vissuto, a lungo, su una illusione: che si potesse esprimere con geometrica precisione la bontà dei servizi offerti agli utenti e l’efficienza della Pubblica Amministrazione.
L’unico risultato conseguito è stato, quindi, diametralmente opposto a quello perseguito: è sufficiente pensare a quel fiume in piena di circolari, direttive, norme di standardizzazione, procedure, protocolli e istruzioni particolareggiate, diventati una «prigione» per i dipendenti pubblici responsabili sempre di più verso revisori e superiori e sempre meno verso i cittadini.
Così, anziché ottenere la rassicurazione del cittadino è stata, così, gravemente compromessa l’attività degli addetti ai lavori, affogati, almeno per metà della loro giornata lavorativa, in adempimenti burocratici.
Un fenomeno che ha finito con l’alimentare la crescita di una serie di concrezioni burocratiche, con sovrapposizioni e duplicazioni di competenze che hanno generato deresponsabilizzazione e, alla fine, impunità.
AN ACTION OF EXTRAORDINARILY ORDINARY
IN PUBLIC HEALTHCARE COMPANY. Two keys:
• TO ACT against wasting time brooding over problems: the re-alphabetizations of the management and administrative team of the company with the valorization of the good professionals
• TO ACT “ GOVERNING THE REALITY”: without linear cuts, minimal structural or civil interventions, without external resources, paying the debts and using a planned strategy.
PROGRAMMING AND COST RESTRUCTURING: Relations with clients; Regular payments; Resources and payment of debts; Valorization of a strategy programmatory tool; Constant monitoring; Externalization or internalization of the services; Rationalization; Transparency.
BUT, FIRST OF ALL: fighting waste also with the “housewife economy” ( no wasting money in more that I need , no buy when no needed, no mistakes in stock aging or transporting materials).
BORTOLETTI, 22 marzo 2019, Master Anticorruzione, UNI TOR VERGATAMaurizio Bortoletti
Inefficienza e corruzione sono patologie ben distinte, dal momento che può aversi inefficienza anche senza corruzione (cioè nel caso di funzionari perfettamente integri). Diversamente, è più difficile affermare che possa esservi corruzione che non generi inefficienza.
L'inefficienza, al contrario della corruzione che è per definizione un fenomeno nascosto, è riscontrabile nei dati che mostrano che in Italia le opere costano più che in altri Paesi, che hanno tempi più lunghi e che spesso rimangono incompiute.
Misure volte a contrastare e ridurre l'inefficienza possano avere anche l'effetto indiretto di ridurre la corruzione. Se infatti la corruzione corrisponde a una quota parte dell'inefficienza e dietro a questa si nasconde, il miglioramento dell'efficienza (ovvero la diminuzione dei costi, l'accorciamento dei tempi, il miglioramento della qualità e, in definitiva il conseguimento della performance) può ridurre gli spazi di attuazione dei patti corruttivi.
Bortoletti, ristrutturare i costi in una asl commissariata, master in procure...Maurizio Bortoletti
Sarebbe sufficiente gestire la "cosa pubblica" come si "trattano" i propri interessi personali. In estrema sintesi, un semplice problema di "ECONOMIA DOMESTICA".
In estrema sintesi, sarebbe sufficiente un TRIPADVISOR dei servizi pubblici, con la chiusura - come chiudono i ristoranti/alberghi/.../ non efficienti - degli uffici che vengono "evitati" dai cittadini.
Altrimenti si crea un ulteriore paradosso: chi lavora male, lavora sempre meno (perche' i cittadini li evitano) e continua a essere pagato e a "costare" al contribuente; chi lavora bene, lavora di più, lavora sotto stress (perche' la rigidità della PA fa considerare "tutti uguali" come organico, come budget, come investimenti, ...), corre maggiori rischi di sbagliare, viene pagato come chi non fa nulla
Bortoletti, la gestione della spesa pubblica, G. Tria, economia della corruzi...Maurizio Bortoletti
Sarebbe sufficiente gestire la "cosa pubblica" come si "trattano" i propri interessi personali. In estrema sintesi, un semplice problema di "economia domestica".
Bortoletti, metodologia del disservizio, Tria, economia della corruzione e de...Maurizio Bortoletti
Inefficienza e corruzione sono patologie ben distinte, dal momento che può aversi inefficienza anche senza corruzione (cioè nel caso di funzionari perfettamente integri). Diversamente, è più difficile affermare che possa esservi corruzione che non generi inefficienza.
L'inefficienza, al contrario della corruzione che è per definizione un fenomeno nascosto, è riscontrabile nei dati che mostrano che in Italia le opere costano più che in altri Paesi, che hanno tempi più lunghi e che spesso rimangono incompiute.
Ispe sanita', bortoletti, 23 gennaio 2013, la gestione di una azienda sanitar...Maurizio Bortoletti
E' solo corruzione? O c'e' dell'altro? Qual è il “male italiano”? Un virus si è impadronito e ha causato il declino del nostro Paese. Quello di non decidere, di non assumersi rischi, di fuggire dalla responsabilità. Per abbattere i costi nel presente, ignorando il futuro. In estrema sintesi, deve tornare ad essere conveniente fare il proprio dovere.
how to sell pi coins effectively (from 50 - 100k pi)DOT TECH
Anywhere in the world, including Africa, America, and Europe, you can sell Pi Network Coins online and receive cash through online payment options.
Pi has not yet been launched on any exchange because we are currently using the confined Mainnet. The planned launch date for Pi is June 28, 2026.
Reselling to investors who want to hold until the mainnet launch in 2026 is currently the sole way to sell.
Consequently, right now. All you need to do is select the right pi network provider.
Who is a pi merchant?
An individual who buys coins from miners on the pi network and resells them to investors hoping to hang onto them until the mainnet is launched is known as a pi merchant.
debuts.
I'll provide you the what'sapp number.
+12349014282
where can I find a legit pi merchant onlineDOT TECH
Yes. This is very easy what you need is a recommendation from someone who has successfully traded pi coins before with a merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold thousands of pi coins before the open mainnet.
I will leave the what'sapp contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with
+12349014282
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024 - Ricerca sulle Startup e il Sistema dell'Innov...Quotidiano Piemontese
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024
Una ricerca de il Club degli Investitori, in collaborazione con ToTeM Torino Tech Map e con il supporto della ESCP Business School e di Growth Capital
The Rise of Generative AI in Finance: Reshaping the Industry with Synthetic DataChampak Jhagmag
In this presentation, we will explore the rise of generative AI in finance and its potential to reshape the industry. We will discuss how generative AI can be used to develop new products, combat fraud, and revolutionize risk management. Finally, we will address some of the ethical considerations and challenges associated with this powerful technology.
when will pi network coin be available on crypto exchange.DOT TECH
There is no set date for when Pi coins will enter the market.
However, the developers are working hard to get them released as soon as possible.
Once they are available, users will be able to exchange other cryptocurrencies for Pi coins on designated exchanges.
But for now the only way to sell your pi coins is through verified pi vendor.
Here is the what'sapp contact of my personal pi vendor
+12349014282
Financial Assets: Debit vs Equity Securities.pptxWrito-Finance
financial assets represent claim for future benefit or cash. Financial assets are formed by establishing contracts between participants. These financial assets are used for collection of huge amounts of money for business purposes.
Two major Types: Debt Securities and Equity Securities.
Debt Securities are Also known as fixed-income securities or instruments. The type of assets is formed by establishing contracts between investor and issuer of the asset.
• The first type of Debit securities is BONDS. Bonds are issued by corporations and government (both local and national government).
• The second important type of Debit security is NOTES. Apart from similarities associated with notes and bonds, notes have shorter term maturity.
• The 3rd important type of Debit security is TRESURY BILLS. These securities have short-term ranging from three months, six months, and one year. Issuer of such securities are governments.
• Above discussed debit securities are mostly issued by governments and corporations. CERTIFICATE OF DEPOSITS CDs are issued by Banks and Financial Institutions. Risk factor associated with CDs gets reduced when issued by reputable institutions or Banks.
Following are the risk attached with debt securities: Credit risk, interest rate risk and currency risk
There are no fixed maturity dates in such securities, and asset’s value is determined by company’s performance. There are two major types of equity securities: common stock and preferred stock.
Common Stock: These are simple equity securities and bear no complexities which the preferred stock bears. Holders of such securities or instrument have the voting rights when it comes to select the company’s board of director or the business decisions to be made.
Preferred Stock: Preferred stocks are sometime referred to as hybrid securities, because it contains elements of both debit security and equity security. Preferred stock confers ownership rights to security holder that is why it is equity instrument
<a href="https://www.writofinance.com/equity-securities-features-types-risk/" >Equity securities </a> as a whole is used for capital funding for companies. Companies have multiple expenses to cover. Potential growth of company is required in competitive market. So, these securities are used for capital generation, and then uses it for company’s growth.
Concluding remarks
Both are employed in business. Businesses are often established through debit securities, then what is the need for equity securities. Companies have to cover multiple expenses and expansion of business. They can also use equity instruments for repayment of debits. So, there are multiple uses for securities. As an investor, you need tools for analysis. Investment decisions are made by carefully analyzing the market. For better analysis of the stock market, investors often employ financial analysis of companies.
The secret way to sell pi coins effortlessly.DOT TECH
Well as we all know pi isn't launched yet. But you can still sell your pi coins effortlessly because some whales in China are interested in holding massive pi coins. And they are willing to pay good money for it. If you are interested in selling I will leave a contact for you. Just what'sapp this number below. I sold about 3000 pi coins to him and he paid me immediately.
+12349014282
Bortoletti, what is corruption?, commissione europea, ipa zagabria 21 23 novembre 2011
1. TABLE OF CONTENTS
What is corruption?
1
Classifications of corruption
Political corruption versus bureaucratic corruption
State Capture versus administrative corruption
Petty corruption versus grand corruption
Functionalist approach versus methodological individualism
Corruption with theftversus corruption “without theft”
Chaotic corruption versus well-organized corruption
Economic corruption versus social corruption
Strictu sensu corruption versus latu sensu corruption
2. Corruption has always been a very wide-spread phenomenon throughout history, well-established in
Mesopotamia, where gifts were the natural counterpart of services, Pericles’ Athens and Cicero’s Rome,
where it was formally condemned but actually tolerated, Reformation’s Europe, where public ethics knew a
great development, and even in modern society, where “favors, gifts and bribes are ordinary business.
But how to define corruption? Most of people would surely be able to recognize a corrupt practice when they
see one, but hardly anyone will then agree on what is corruption itself. Let us seek some help from etymology:
the word corruption comes from the Latin rumpere, that means “to break up, to dismantle”.
What does corruption dismantle? Well, probably a set of moral or legal rules. This suggests to define corruption
as “the (ab)use of public office for private gains” (Bardhan, 1997) or “the sale of government property by
government officials aiming at personal gains” (Shleifer e Vishny, 1993).
However, not all illegal uses and abuses of public office are corrupted acts: they might be simple theft or fraud.
Moreover, such definitions are not satisfactory as corruption is not only a public domain phenomenon. Illegal
practices from private citizens that aim to damage other private citizens or enterprises are indeed corruption.
2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
What is corruption?
3. TABLE OF CONTENTS
Classifications of corruption
We will now concentrate on public corruption. This can be further specified as follows:
1. political vs. bureaucratic corruption, depending on the involved public subject
2. state-capture corruption vs. administrative corruption, depending on the timing in the legal process
(before or after the implementation of a rule)
3. petty or grand corruption schemes
4. systemic or individual corruption
5. corruption with or without theft (see Shleifer and Vishny, 1993)
6. chaotic or organized corruption, depending on the level of the corrupted network’s development
7. economic or social corruption
8. corruption strictu sensu or corruption latu sensu, depending on the presence or not of professional
duties’ violations
3
4. TABLE OF CONTENTS
Political corruption versus bureaucratic
corruption
Political corruption is usually linked to the elections process or to particular political roles or power positions.
Some of the phenomena linked to political corruption, that is more common in less-developed countries
where democratic institutions are weak or lacking, are:
1. irregular elections
2. nepotism or favoritism
3. personal rules and laws
4. bribing the press
5. false electoral promises
6. influencing the voters by distributing money or other gifts
7. influencing the legislator according to own private interests
Bureaucratic corruption, on the other hand, is about administrative activities:
1. obtaining or obtaining faster a service that corresponds to a right
2. distorted application or violation of administrative rules and procedures
4
5. TABLE OF CONTENTS
State Capture versus administrative
corruption
Furthermore, state-capture corruption and administrative corruption differ as they influence either the
elaboration or the application of the law. This definition comes from “Anti-corruption in Transition. A
Contribution to the Policy Debate”, The Word Bank, 2000 Washington, D.C.
In a few words, State-capture corruption is about lobbies or interest groups influencing the legislative process
through bribes and illegal benefits, while administrative corruption is about the same groups of individuals
asking for favors in the application of an already approved law.
5
6. TABLE OF CONTENTS
Petty corruption versus grand
corruption
6
In addition, we can distinguish between petty corruption and grand corruption, the latter being far more
perilous as it involves the whole political and legislative process or high-rank financial and administrative
powers. Petty corruption, on the other hand, is less ambitious but very pervasive. Direct victims are
private citizens, while benefits (usually of a small amount) go directly to civil servants. The aim is to
illegally facilitate or accelerate administrative services.
7. TABLE OF CONTENTS
Functionalist approach versus
methodological individualism
Also, there are differences in the definition of corruption by functionalist or individualist scholars, so that we may
identify corruption as a “functional disfunction” or corruption as a “rational choice”.
The first approach, developed in the ’50s and ’60s, refutes to consider corruption as a pathology and maintains
that it has structural origins so that it can be explained consistently with the historical economic path of a nation.
Corruption, in a few words, tends to arise naturally in less-developed countries, so as to foster development and
help enterprises in overcoming bureaucratic obstacles, and equally naturally tends to dissolve as the economy
grows.
Such a view implicates that corruption is not a moral dilemma and may even be thought to have a positive effect
for the economy, when it is used as a “lubricant”. Moreover, it will eventually disappear as economic
development makes it useless.
These implications of the functionalist approach has been the source of much criticism, giving rise to many other
views.
7
8. TABLE OF CONTENTS
Functionalist approach versus
methodological individualism
Among them, the Political Economy or individualist approach considers corruption as the result of a rational
“benefit vs. costs” comparison. Corruption episodes are then the result of an economic transaction.
Corruption as the situation in which the corrupted individual is the agent of some organization or individual and
the bribe is the way to induce him/her to privilege its own interest and not the principal’s.
In conclusion, corruption is to be interpreted as a transaction that a third party carries out to divert an agent
from fulfilling his/her duties in the principal’s interest and do something illegal for the own agent’s and the third
party’s benefit.
This may or may not result in a damage for the principal, after all.
For such a relationship of corruption to be maintained, not only do we need a principal and an agent with some
discretionary power and a third party able to use this power to his/her own interest, but also weak institutions
that are not able to refrain their employee from illegal conducts.
8
9. TABLE OF CONTENTS
Corruption with theftversus corruption
“without theft”
Suppose that the government is a monopolist in the production of a homogeneous good, and the civil servant
has some discretionary power and may use it for his/her own interest. He/she will only tend to maximize
income from bribes.
If there is no theft, the corrupt civil servant will sell the service at a price equal to its cost plus the bribe. The
cost goes into the State’s pockets while the bribe stays with the corrupt employee.
Corruption with theft, on the other hand, sees benefits split up between the corrupt employee and enterprises
paying for the bribe.
Why so?
Well, suppose that the corrupt civil servant sells the service at a price that is lower than the legal one. If the
sum of the bribe and the illegal price is less than the legal price, the corrupted transaction makes the
enterprise more competitive and allows it to extract a benefit. The enterprise has no incentive whatsoever,
then, to break the corrupt agreement. Consequently, it will be very unlikely to discover and disrupt said
agreement.
9
10. TABLE OF CONTENTS
Corruption with theftversus corruption
“without theft”
Evidently, corruption without theft makes the price higher and the quantity of the good sold lower, while
corruption without theft tends to do the opposite.
The latter, however, is also more pervasive and dangerous.
Also, the two types differ with respect to the impact on public finances, which is harsher in the case of
corruption with theft.
Finally, a competitive bureaucratic structure, with many public managers in charge of the same activity and
competing to maximize their income from bribes, may help to reduce actual corruption if corruption without
theft were prevalent. If corruption with theft is, on the other hand, more wide-spread, the numerous public
managers will have a further incentive to co-operate and create a cartel.
10
11. TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chaotic corruption versus well-organized
corruption
Well-organized corruption is thought to have less dangerous repercussions on the economic system than
chaotic corruption.
The level of “organization” is influenced by the presence of informal mechanisms for contracts enforcement and
by the frequency of interactions between potentially corrupted individuals and their potential corrupters, not to
mention any mean of coordination among the former.
Corruption is more organized the more it takes place in exclusive clubs or among specific groups of people,
resulting this way in a sort of tax that private citizens pay to specific persons to obtain specific services.
It is remarkable that this situation is unlikely to be broken up as no involved single individual has an incentive to
do so.
We can find different models according to which corruption is organized, respectively, as a monopoly, in a
competitive way or according to a monopolistic competition scheme.
The first type, the monopoly, is characterized by a king or a dictator that organizes the corruption market and
guarantees both access to the relevant information (who to and how much to pay) and protection to “property-rights”
11
– so that those who pay are sure to obtain the service they paid for. This is a rather stable system.
Should the market for corruption be competitive, on the other hand, the system tends to be chaotic and
unstable.
No guarantees to people paying a bribe are provided by anyone so that individuals may very well pay twice for
the same service.
12. TABLE OF CONTENTS
Economic corruption versus social
corruption
12
We may distinguish further between economic corruption and social corruption.
The former usually takes place in a market and is accompanied by an exchange in money or other
material goods.
Social corruption, on the other hand, is more about exchanging immaterial benefits.
It is usually accompanied by nepotism, clientelism and favoritism. Such immaterial bribes do not benefit
corrupt employees directly but contribute to strengthen the organization they belong to and the whole
corruption network. Social corruption is much more pervasive and disruptive than economic one,
because it endangers collective moral integrity and is more easily tolerated by civil society.
13. TABLE OF CONTENTS
Strictu sensu corruption versus latu
sensu corruption
Finally, corruption can be intended strictu sensu when the corrupt public employee violates his/her office
duties.
This is sanctioned by art. 319 of Italian Criminal Law Code: corruption for an act in violation of office’s
duties. It says: “The public employee that accept any sum of money or other utility, or the promise to be
given it, to omit or delay a due act is punished with 2 to 5 years imprisonment”.
Corruption latu sensu is to be identified when no violation takes place, as in art. 318: corruption for a due
act. It says: “the public employee that accept any illegal sum of money or other utility, or the promise to be
given it, to accomplish to a due act is punished with 0.5 to 3 years imprisonment. Should the act be already
accomplished when the illegal payment is received, the punishment is reduced to up to 1 year
imprisonment.”
13
14. 14
TABLE OF CONTENTS
What is corruption?
Thank You for your kindly attention